Jack London's resume

Jack London was born on1June, 876+10/October 12 in a bankrupt peasant family in California. When he was a child, he tasted poverty and hardship. At the age of 8, in order to make a living, he had to work as a shepherd boy in a livestock farm. /kloc-after 0/0 years old, he began to work as a newsboy, docker, sailboat sailor and flax factory worker in Oakland near San Francisco. During this period, Jack London began to read a lot of novels and other books. /kloc-When he was 0/6 years old, he lost his job, had to wander around in the eastern United States and Canada, lived in a slum in a metropolis, and was arrested and imprisoned for "wandering without a job", only to regain his freedom several months later.

Poverty and unhappy childhood made Jack London precocious. Jack London has to work and study since he was 10, and he will spend all his time reading whenever possible. When Jack London was less than 9 years old, he was already familiar with washington irving's Spanish travel notes "Alhan Bora". He also reads some dime novels borrowed from employees, and reads whatever he catches. Jack London left the ranch at the age of 1 1 and came to Auckland. He eagerly read the first book he could borrow from the free public library. Until 16 years old, he has been working-reading, reading-working. Because poor Jack London went to work after graduating from primary school, he started to work as a newsboy and a canner at the age of ten, and he developed the skill of street fighting and became a hooligan. His favorite activity is sailing. /kloc-When he was 0/3 years old, he sailed alone through the stormy San Francisco Bay. It is almost unbelievable, but it is true. Later, he saved a little money and bought a boat, originally for fun. Soon after, he met the people who stole oysters and started a free business like them. He gathered a group of companions, sailed to San Francisco Bay to steal farmers' oysters and even burned other people's boats. He fights and drinks, laughs and revels, and wanders freely on hundreds of miles of sea roads. It didn't take long for him to know the Gulf Patrol, which in turn became a patrol to hunt down oyster thieves.

At the age of seventeen, he boarded a hunting ship as a sailor, passed through Korea and Japan, and went to the Bering Sea to hunt seals. On the way, I experienced severe cold, storms and the heaviest hard labor, and participated in various activities of hunting seals. He is very good at sailing because he has been playing with boats in the bay since he was a child. Although he was young on board, he won unanimous praise from the shipowner and colleagues. And because I was beaten since I was a child, I was able to participate in the most barbaric activities of sailors, so I made many friends and listened to many interesting and terrible stories. All these have become valuable materials for his marine novels. The sea wolf's description of the rich life of seal hunting boats is an excellent example. Life in the stormy waves was hard, but he didn't forget to study. When he returned to San Francisco Bay, he had finished reading Madame Bovary by Flaubert and Anna karenin by Tolstoy. Make a name for yourself and join the * * production party.

After returning from a long voyage, he wrote his own experience as an essay "Typhoon in Haikou, Japan", participated in the writing competition of Voice magazine, and won the first prize, 20 yuan (the second and third place were college students). Jack London, who only received primary education, showed his creative talent for the first time, which was attributed to his diligent study-he carefully read the excellent works of literary masters and developed the habit of taking notes. Perhaps he was inspired by this and embarked on the road of literature.

By this time, Jack London had woken up from his early ignorance. Determined to master the most advanced technology at that time: electricity, he went to Oakland Tram Company to apply for a job. He told the manager that he would do whatever it takes to master the technology. The manager made him work thirteen hours a day, and there was no Sunday, which made him tired to death. Later, he learned that it was actually two workers who were forced to work by him. Each of them is forty yuan, while * * * is eighty yuan, while he only has thirty yuan a month. Moreover, a man he pushed to work committed suicide because he had a wife and three children to support, but he could not make a living. This is an extremely profound lesson for Jack London, who threw down the coal shovel angrily.

This kind of hard labor taught him a terrible truth: no matter how strong he is, after ten or twenty years, there will always be younger and stronger people to replace him and throw him into the garbage.

It was 1904 of the Great Depression. He joined the unemployed who went to Washington from San Francisco to petition and headed straight for the East Coast. On the way, he left the team for some reason, so he sneaked around the North American continent by train, played hide-and-seek with the car police and flight attendants, and traveled around the country for fun. He was arrested and sentenced to 30 days of hard labor, and witnessed the appalling reality in American prisons. After he got out of prison, he stole a train to the west coast of Canada, then went south as a sailor and returned to San Francisco. This special form of travel has given him rich life experiences, especially those of the poor and homeless. He understood a truth: it is often the poor who can take care of the poor best.

He has always been interested in reading, even when he was a thief stealing oysters, he read many books on his boat. Returning from wandering, he began to read a lot. He has read the works of Saint-Simon, Fourier and proudhon, and understands the evils of private property. He even read Marx's * * * manifesto and got a general understanding of what * * * was about.

In order to study, he 19 entered Auckland Middle School, prepared for the college entrance examination and joined the Socialist Party. He attended a workers' rally, delivered a fierce speech, advocated destroying the existing social order, and was once arrested for it.

When he was studying in Auckland middle school, he published the novel Ogasawara Islands in the school newspaper for two months, which made his interest in literature even stronger.

The gold rush continues to create.

He had hoped to make a living through work and continue his studies, but found it almost an illusion. He works in the laundry workshop, and he is half tired and has no time to study. When his dream of studying was on the verge of disillusionment, the news of the discovery of gold mines in Alaska brought him new hope. 1897 In March, Jack London started the gold rush.

With a little support, he and three companions prepared 8,000 pounds of materials for the winter in cronk. They overcame many difficulties before the arrival of the cold winter and went through hardships to yukon river near the North Pole, where they spent the winter.

On the way to the yukon river Valley, London's unique navigation technology got a wonderful performance opportunity. They cut their own timber, built two boats and sailed downstream along the yukon river. On the way, they met a fast and dangerous river. Many people tried to cross it, but failed, saying that the river was an insurmountable natural barrier, but Jack London said he would definitely cross it. Sure enough, he sailed with two companions, escaped the rapids with the cheers of onlookers, and then came back to sail the second boat. This incident attracted the attention of many gold miners in trouble, and they kept asking Jack to help them sail through the rapids. Jack London demanded 25 yuan's reward for each boat. At the helm, he and his friends drove one scattered wooden boat after another through the danger zone. They earned as much as three thousand yuan for it. They could have earned another 5 thousand, but there was no time. They must go downstream before winter comes.

He read many books in the winter camp in yukon river, such as Darwin's Origin of Species, Spencer's First Principle, Marx's Das Kapital, Milton's Paradise Lost and Browning's poems. These people met Larsson, the sea wolf, in The Sea-Wolf, read it, and discussed it with Fan Weideng and Brewster.

Unfortunately, they don't have any fresh fruits and vegetables. Jack London got scurvy and had to go home. He and his friends sailed 1900 miles in a small boat in19 days, reached the Bering Strait, and returned to California from there. During this time, he has outlined the outlines of some novels, and later wrote them, which won him an immortal reputation and made some stories about people and dogs in Klondike widely circulated, including The Call of the Wild and Rebak's Dog. After he came back from yukon river, he had a little money, so he read a lot of books. He studies very hard and works 19 hours every day. He read economics, history and historical works, biology, anthropology and philosophy, and also read a lot of literary works. In Martin Eden, the hero of his novel Martin Eden, people see a detailed description of this extremely difficult reading life.

After Jack London's father died, he began to do odd jobs to support his family. When looking for a job, Jack London wrote this river, but the manuscript was returned. While waiting for the rejection, he wrote another serial novel with more than 20,000 words, and the result was returned. Although the manuscript was returned every time, Jack London still found time to write and continue to write new themes. Finally, Continental Monthly published his first novel, A toast to the people on the road, and the manuscript fee was only 5 yuan. Soon, Black Cat magazine asked 40 yuan to write a novel. Finally, there was a turn for the better. 1900, Jack London's first collection of novels, Wolf Son, was published, which immediately won him a great reputation and a considerable income. Among American writers, Jack London is prolific. During his creative career of 16 years, he published more than 50 works, including 2/kloc-0 novels, 20 short stories, 3 plays, and many political essays and features, leaving a rich literary legacy. Jack London has won a reputation in American literature with his creative strength. It is worth mentioning that Jack London only received some formal education indirectly. As a world-famous writer, he achieved success through self-study.

He could have continued to write in a successful and stable environment, but he was not a quiet man. His blood vessels are burning with flames, and he is always eager for a new boiling life, so he started his career as a journalist.

Entrusted by the American News Agency, he went to Africa to cover the Boer War. When he arrived in London, the news agency changed its plan halfway and told him not to go. At this time, he lived in the slums of London for more than three months as an American sailor, went deep into the life there, made a detailed investigation, obtained first-hand information, and published the reportage "People in the Abyss" after returning home. This book made him famous among American socialists.

1904, he accepted the employment of Hearst newspaper department and went to the Far East to cover the news of the Russo-Japanese War. When he came to Japan, he saw the Japanese government's intention of deliberately detaining journalists from all over the world, so he quietly went to Nagasaki, tried to board a ship bound for North Korea and went to the front, but was arrested by the Japanese police as a Russian spy. After his release, he took a small motorboat to Busan, North Korea. There is no food for 100 people on the motorboat, and there is no shelter from the wind and rain, so we can only sleep on the cold outdoor deck. When he arrived in Busan, he got a ship without a canopy, hired three Koreans who couldn't speak English to help him, sailed into the Yellow Sea by his own sailing skills, sailed along the coast, sailed in the cold wind and waves at MINUS 40 degrees for six days and six nights, and finally arrived in Incheon. At this time, he was black and blue, his feet, fingers and ears were frozen, but after a short rest, he set off again. This time he traveled by horse, and several weeks of riding March took him to Pyongyang, which was the northernmost point that all war reporters could reach at that time. There, he was thrown into prison by the Japanese for the second time. After he was released from prison, he came to a place only forty miles away from the front line, from which he sent out one report after another and many photos, completing the tasks that other journalists had not completed. For some reason, he was threatened with arrest again, and he was not able to escape until the President of the United States intervened. In this interview, Jack sailed in an open boat many times in the cold, and he had a personal experience of such a harsh life. Sea wolves have a fascinating and vivid description of this life. At this time, Jack London has been famous all over the country and has a rich economic income, but he is still not satisfied with a quiet life. 1906, he decided to build a boat and travel around the world by himself. He is expected to travel around the world in seven years, but he is not a good financier, and shipbuilding activities have almost become a joke. The original plan of the ship was 7000 yuan, but it actually cost him tens of thousands more, and there were many problems. He couldn't wait any longer, so he set out with his sailing skills, but he managed to sail the boat to Hawaii, so he had to start repairing it. After repairing it, he made great efforts to sail to Australia. The ship could not go forward, so he had to sell it at a low price of 3 thousand yuan, ending this romantic but failed voyage.

However, he still made amazing achievements in that voyage. He once sailed that broken boat from Hawaii to Max. At that time, the Pacific Shipping Guide pointed out that due to the influence of equatorial currents and trade winds, the currents in that area were extremely complicated, and no one had ever sailed successfully, but Jack London had a narrow escape when he sailed a barely repaired ship. He contracted a strange disease on the way. In The Sea-Wolf, we read the poetic descriptions of tropical oceans and trade winds, from which we got the materials of our daily life. Jack London died of an overdose. On Tuesday,19165438+1October 2 1, Jack London planned to go to new york the next day. He planned to make a detour to watch the Chicago game and buy some excellent cattle, but that night he ate too much morphine and died. There is a notebook on his desk with some figures for calculating the dose written on it. At that time, he was suffering from uremia, but the doctor thought it was unconvincing to regard uremia as his cause of death. Then there are only two explanations: suicide or miscalculation of dose. Judging from his arrangement during the day, it doesn't look like suicide; However, it is unacceptable that such an important dose calculation has problems.

However, it is not unreasonable to say that he committed suicide. Life in those years became more and more troublesome for him. He divorced his wife, only to find that the new wife and the old wife had the same problems, while his beloved daughter loved her mother and alienated him. His friend betrayed him because of his wealth. His newly-built villa "Wolf House" was suddenly burned down, which brought him a lot of debts. All the 400,000 saplings he planted died; The thoroughbred horses, pigs, cows and sheep in his pasture also died one after another. He was exhausted and caused diseases, among which uremia was the most troublesome. Extreme psychological isolation and great physical pain made him drown his sorrows by drinking and become more and more addicted to alcohol. Maybe he felt too tired that night and needed relief, so he ended his life with morphine.