What exactly does Chechnya mean?

Chechnya is the territory of the Russian Federation, located on the north side of the Caucasus Mountains, adjacent to Georgia across the mountain, with an area of about 15, square kilometers and a population of over 1 million. Grozny, the capital, was developed on the basis of the Grozny Castle established in 1818. Chechens are brave and good at fighting and believe in Islam.

main ethnic groups: mainly Muslims, Muslims and Russians.

capital: Grozny, population 41, (1989).

On January 23, 1997, Chechen President yandarbiyev announced that Grozny, the capital of Chechnya, would be renamed Dzhokhar-Galla in memory of Jiaohar dudayev. On March 25, 1998, the Chechen Parliament approved this decision, but the outside media still used the name Grozny.

industry: petroleum exploitation, petroleum processing, chemistry, machine building, building materials, food, wood processing, etc.

agriculture: planting wheat, rice, corn, barley, sunflower, sugar beet and vegetables. There are also horticulture and grape planting.

The earliest record of Chechens was before the beginning of the 7th century. The term "Chechen" originated from the name of the village of "Greater Chechnya" by the argon River, and gradually became the ethnic name of the Chechen people. Chechens call themselves "Nakheqiao people", which means "common people". Chechens were invaded by Mongols-Tatars in the 13th century, and were ravaged by Timur Imperial Army in Central Asia at the end of 14th century. It was not until the disintegration of the Golden Account Khanate in the 15th and 16th centuries that Chechens began to migrate from the mountains to the plains. From 16th to 19th century, Islam began to be introduced into Chechnya. At the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries, Chechnya began to be the object of three empires, Persia, Osman and Russia. Since then, Chechnya has experienced a bloody and cruel war for more than two centuries.

in the 19th century, after nearly half a century of Caucasus war, Russia annexed Chechnya to the empire in 1895. Chechnya Autonomous Prefecture was established in November 1922. In January 1934, Chechnya merged with its western neighbor Ingushetia, and in December 1936, it was changed into Chechnya-Ingushetia Autonomous Republic. During World War II, the Soviet government forced many Chechens to move out of their homes on the grounds that Chechens cooperated with German aggressors. At that time, more than 387, Chechens were deported to Central Asia and Siberia. It was not until January 9, 1957 that supreme soviet of the ussr decided to restore the organizational system of Chechen-Ingushetia Autonomous Republic and put it under the jurisdiction of the Russian Federation.

On September 6, 1991, shortly after the "August 19" incident in the Soviet Union, dudayev, a major general of the Soviet Air Force and a Chechen, overthrew the local Soviet regime by force. In October, presidential and parliamentary elections were held in Chechnya, and dudayev was elected president. In November, on the eve of the disintegration of the Soviet Union, dudayev decreed the establishment of the Chechen Republic, a "sovereign state", and soon organized the Chechen National Guard. Since then, Chechnya has neither signed the Russian Federation Treaty in 1992 nor participated in the Russian parliamentary elections in 1993, and has gone further and further on the road of "independence".

Russian authorities sent troops to Chechnya in December 1994 to safeguard national unity and territorial integrity. However, Chechen armed forces refused to lay down their weapons, which led to the civil war lasting for 2 months, and dudayev was killed in this war. At the end of 1996, Russian troops were forced to withdraw from Chechnya after two major hostage-taking incidents were committed by Chechen illegal armed forces in Russia. In January 1997, after maskhadov was elected President of Chechnya, he still insisted that Chechnya was an "independent country". In May 1997, the Russian Federation and Chechnya signed a treaty on principles of peace and mutual relations. However, Chechen leaders have never given up their "independence" proposition.

In order to completely solve the Chechen problem, the Russian federal authorities dispatched 1, soldiers to blockade Chechnya and launch a military strike in 1999. After aerial bombing and ground encirclement and suppression, a large number of illegal Chechen armed forces were eliminated, and Russian troops almost controlled the whole territory of Chechnya. However, the remaining illegal armed forces in Chechnya are fragmented, guerrilla tactics are adopted inside and outside Chechnya, and assassinations and terrorist activities are frequently carried out. Especially in the past two years, illegal militants in Chechnya have been rampant, constantly creating terrorist attacks, causing a large number of casualties and property losses.

On October 23rd, 22, dozens of Chechen militants took more than 8 spectators and cast members who were watching the performance hostage in Moscow's Du Brovka Theater. Three days later, Russian special forces successfully rescued most of the hostages after releasing hypnotic gas into the theater, but 13 hostages were still killed. Russian troops immediately launched a large-scale clean-up operation in Chechnya. On September 1st, 24, maskhadov and another leader of Chechen illegal armed forces, basaev, planned and created the hostage-taking incident in the No.1 school in North Ossetia and Beslan, Russia, which shocked the world. The Russian authorities then offered a reward of about $1 million to arrest them.

The killed Chechen President of the Russian Federation Kadyrov

According to the development of the situation, Russian President Vladimir Putin proposed that the constitutional process in Chechnya must be accelerated. On December 11, 22, the Chechen People's Congress was held to discuss the new constitution and the draft electoral law of Chechnya. The next day, Putin issued a presidential decree on the referendum in Chechnya. On March 23, 23, Chechnya held the first referendum in Chechen history on whether to approve the new draft constitution of the Republic, the draft presidential election law and the draft parliamentary election law. The new Constitution of Chechnya adopted by referendum stipulates that Chechnya is an inalienable part of the territory of the Russian Federation. This legally determines Chechnya's status as a subject of the Russian Federation, thus ensuring the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Russian Federation. On October 5, 23, a national election was held, and the Chief Executive of Chechnya Kadyrov was elected as the President of Chechnya of the Russian Federation for a term of four years. This is the first Chechen president elected according to the new electoral law.

On May 9th, 24, illegal Chechen armed forces made another terrorist bombing in Grozny Victory Day celebration, in which Chechen President akhmad kadyrov and Russian-Caucasian joint cluster commander Balarov were killed. On September 1st, maskhadov and another leader of Chechen illegal armed forces, basaev, planned and created the hostage-taking incident in the No.1 school in North Ossetia and Beslan, Russia, which shocked the world. The Russian authorities then offered a reward of about $1 million to arrest them. In April 27, the new Chechen President Ramzan Kadyrov was sworn in as the son of the first Chechen President akhmad kadyrov.

On March 8th, 25, maskhadov, the leader of Chechen illegal armed forces, was killed in northern Chechnya. On June 17th, 26, Sadullayev, an important leader of Chechen illegal armed forces, was killed by Chechen police that day. On July 1th of the same year, basaev, the leader of Chechen illegal armed forces, was killed by Russian military police in Ingushetia, Russia.