Materials for the debate "Ideal talents should pay attention to wisdom"

Debate materials. Which is more conducive to the cultivation of talents, adversity or prosperity?

First, the analysis of the reasons for the bad growth of talents

(a) the specific historical conditions and social and political system.

Times can create heroes, but also stifle and hinder the progress and emergence of some talents, resulting in the adversity of talent growth. The insufficient demand for military talents in the peaceful and prosperous times is not conducive to the display of people's military talents, and it is a social "adversity" for the growth of military talents; In the era of social revolution, armed struggle or world disintegration, people with military talents came into being to show their ambitions. However, in this era, talents with scientific and technological talent and literary expertise are often faced with the unfavorable situation that there is no way to serve the country by studying. It can be seen that the "status quo" also has a negative side to the growth of specific talents.

Judging from the five social forms experienced by human beings, feudal system and theocracy are the most unfavorable to the growth of talents, and they are also the most destructive to talents. In medieval Europe, the military personnel system was centered on feudal family status, and the status of officers was the hereditary privilege of a few nobles, which blocked the channels for a large number of civilians and their children to become officers and display and give play to their military talents. After Sui and Tang Dynasties, the imperial examination system in China was actually a trap that restricted people from giving full play to their talents. Because of life, the broad masses of workers lost the opportunity to study, and it was impossible for them to take part in the imperial examination and leave their jobs. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, eight-part essay was used to select scholars, and candidates could only draw a gourd ladle to speak for the ancients, but could not have independent thoughts. The imperial examination system has become a shackle that binds people to become talents. I want to know how many talents are buried in this institutional adversity.

(2) Backward ideas and old habits.

Some old ideas and habits in the history of our country have caused all kinds of adversity, which still fetters the growth and progress of talents. The first is about the habitual adversity of seniority. Whether a highly respected and talented person can enter his position depends on his qualifications. "Fools and sages are all qualified", and promotion must be "ranked according to qualifications, one term after another". The junior should obey the arrangement, endure hardships for many years, and even be buried in the soil for a long time. The second is the interpersonal adversity of jealous talents. In an environment full of jealousy, it is difficult for talents to stand out. Even if you have achievements, you will not feel a sense of accomplishment, but you will feel "heart-warming". Some people don't allow talents to stand out, and even some leaders lack due tolerance. They would rather let talented people be abandoned in vain than let them "show their faces", resulting in potential talents being "stuck by dragons and lying with tigers" Third, close and conservative social, cultural and psychological adversity. China's traditional culture regards conservative and introverted psychological character as the virtue of self-esteem. Philosophy of life such as "It is better to hide than to be smart" and "Don't teach others to swim" are out of the need of so-called "self-esteem". For example, young talents have suggestions and ideas about their work, academic research and opinions, and even have doubts about some authoritative conclusions, but they don't show traces, because once they make jokes, they will be humiliated, despised and lose their "self-esteem." As a result, how many insights have been erased and how many creations can be stillborn? Inappropriate emphasis on self-esteem is tantamount to creating mental shackles and psychological adversity for yourself.

(3) The development of talents is unbalanced.

In the long-distance race, people who rush ahead often bear greater wind resistance or headwind. In the same way, the development and progress of talents, once someone becomes famous or even a public figure, the society and people around him pay more attention to it, expect more from it and demand more harshly, which invisibly forms a kind of pressure, which can also be called a kind of "prosperity".

Another is the adversity caused by Matthew effect: because of the different progress of talent growth, outstanding talents who are ahead are easily recognized by organizations and society and won honors and rewards; Those unknown potential talents are difficult to be recognized, and are often trapped in the "Matthew effect" and adversity. "Matthew effect" often promotes the development of outstanding talents at the expense of the development of potential talents, thus depriving the development opportunities and possibilities of potential talents. Through this "deprivation" mechanism, "Matthew effect" plays an artificial obstacle to the growth of potential talents, not only suppressing talents, but also burying talents.

(D) the personality characteristics of talents make it so.

The British philosopher John Mill said in On Freedom: "A talented person has more personality than anyone else. Only in this way can he not adapt to the few molds prepared by society, so as to save his members the trouble of forming personal personality without feeling hurt." This distinctive personality of talents is often intolerable by old traditional concepts, decadent social systems and backward habits. The more outstanding talents, the more they have to bear the resistance from all aspects of society. Therefore, talents with distinctive personalities often face the severe test of social adversity, especially those thinkers and politicians who are determined to destroy the old world and build a new world. They want to resist the decadent social system, and their personality is inevitably unacceptable to the society at that time. If the ideological giants and political giants in history are so contented and obedient, then the social system environment in which they live will not constitute adversity for them, but in that case, they will not be historical giants. At the same time, those talents with distinctive personalities and sharp edges sometimes inevitably hurt some people who come into contact with them intentionally or unintentionally, making enemies and holding grudges easily. In addition, their talents are outstanding and they are often hated. If there is some stubbornness and stubbornness, it is difficult to coordinate with the surrounding environment. The unique personality of talents often plays a certain role in the formation of their own adversity.