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Dickens (18 12 ~ 1870)

[Name] Charles Dickens (English writer)

British writer. Born in the suburb of Portsmouth on February 7th, 2002, 18 1870 died in Gateshill near Rochester on June 9th.

When I was a teenager, I had to go to school intermittently because of the embarrassment of family life. Later, he was forced to work as a child laborer in the factory. /kloc-After 0/5 years old, he worked as an apprentice, clerk and court recorder in a law firm. At the age of 20, he began to work as a newspaper reporter, covering the House of Commons. 1836, Potts Essays was published, which is a close-up collection describing daily life in the streets and lanes of London. In the same year, the serial novel The Story of Pickwick was published one after another, which caused a sensation after several issues. This is a humorous work in the form of a vagrant novel, which reflects the real life in Britain in the form of cartoons. After the initial success of The Biography of Pickwick, Dickens married Catherine and wrote a series of novels.

He wrote 13 half novels in his life, most of which are masterpieces of nearly one million words, more than 20 novellas, hundreds of short stories, feature collections 1 department, 2 long travel notes, British children's history 1 department, and a large number of speeches, letters, essays and miscellaneous poems. He traveled and lived in continental Europe many times and visited the United States twice. After middle age, he founded two periodicals, Household Stories and All Seasons of the Year, and discovered and trained a group of new writers.

Dickens lived and wrote in the middle of19th century and the early Victorian era. Dickens' life activities and creations always keep up with the trend of the times. He mainly exposed the hypocrisy, greed, meanness and cruelty of the upper class and the bourgeoisie with realistic brushstrokes, showed the tragic situation of the lower class, especially women, children and the elderly, with indignation and deep sympathy, and described the struggle of the awakening working people with a serious and prudent attitude. At the same time, he eulogized the truth, goodness and beauty in human nature with idealism and romanticism, and looked forward to a more reasonable society and a better life.

Dickens' early novels are magnificent, popular and fluent, humorous and full of sentimental sentiment, in which the exposure and criticism of society are generally limited to local systems and fields. Such as Oliver Twist, Nicholas Nicholby, Old Antique Shop, Martin Zhu Schulwitt, A Christmas Carol, etc.

Since Dombey and Son, Dickens' creation has become more mature. Through the relationship between Mr Dombey, his son Paul and his daughter Florence, this novel discusses the erosion of human nature by economic potential, and reflects the writer's anxiety about the future of human society. David copperfield, Dickens' important masterpiece, further explores the struggle course of life. It is autobiographical, and it is a long scroll of the middle and lower classes in England in the middle of19th century. David, the hero, is a model of middle-class youth who struggled for kindness and insisted on justice in society at that time. Bleak House, Hard Times and Little Li Du are three important works with strong political consciousness. Bleak House reveals the darkness of British legal system and judicature with complicated plots. Hard Times directly describes the strike struggle, which is a response to the British constitutional movement. Little Li Du describes the debtor's prison life in detail, and at the same time exposes the redundancy and decay of British bureaucracy and system in greater depth.

Dickens' later works clearly reflect the deepening of creative theme, the maturity of skills and the exploration in many aspects. Great Expectations can be regarded as the opposite of david copperfield, but the exploration of life path has more practical and warning significance, and the author's optimism in his early years is obviously reduced. Pip, the hero, is also an orphan, but he can't stand the temptation of the environment and loses his original simple nature. After experiencing severe hardships, he repented and started a new life, and the whole novel was more concise in structure. Our Friends is another critical novel that goes deep into the society. The exploration of human nature and philosophy of life contained in it are more profound, and the symbolism and detective novel techniques used in the works add to its artistic charm. Dickens' last novel, The Mystery of Edwin Druid, has only completed 23 chapters, from which we can see that it is elegant in writing, rigorous in conception, full of suspense and mysterious and attractive.

Among Dickens' novels, the early Barnabe Raj and the later A Tale of Two Cities are historical novels. "Barnabe Raj" is set in the Gordon riots of English Puritans against Catholic rule at the end of 18. A Tale of Two Cities is set in the French Revolution. The two novels also have obvious irony and vigilance, aiming to show that unreasonable system and rule will inevitably lead people to rise up and resist, and the rising masses (called "mobs" by Dickens) will be like a scourge, which will be out of control and form huge irrational destructive power. These two novels undoubtedly represent Dickens' reformist stance and pessimistic view of history, and Sidney Kalden in A Tale of Two Cities sacrificed her life for the happiness of the woman she loved, which is the embodiment of Dickens' highest moral ideal and the finale of noble sentiments repeatedly praised in his novels. From the vivid descriptions and gripping plots of these two novels, we can find the obvious influence of the historical novelist Scott. Especially A Tale of Two Cities has always been regarded as one of Dickens' best novels, because of its elegant and profound brushwork, simple and perfect structure, numerous suspense settings and creative exploration of life philosophy and subconscious activities of characters.

The influential Dickens is the most outstanding representative writer in the prosperous period of British19th century novels. His works are grand in length, magnificent in content, rich and colorful in style, and have influenced all over Europe, America and other countries in the world. His works and various popular, children's books and entertainment programs evolved from these works are widely spread all over the world. In China, as early as the early 20th century, Lin Shu and others translated Dickens' novels, and many outstanding masterpieces were translated into Chinese.

Introduction 2

Dickens was born in Portsey, Portsmouth on February 7th on 18 12. My father is a clerk in the navy. He is a heavy drinker, hospitable and extravagant, and often makes ends meet. He can perform and sing since he was a child, and he is often taken to hotels by his father to perform programs. At the age of 10, the whole family was forced to move to the debtor's prison. From the age of 1 1, they took on heavy housework. When he was an apprentice in the shoe polish workshop, because of his skillful packaging, he was put in the window by his employer and watched as an advertisement, which left a permanent scar in his heart, thus giving him deep sympathy and determination to get rid of poverty. He only went to school for a few years, and gained extensive knowledge and literary accomplishment mainly by self-study and in-depth life. 16 years old, working as a copywriter in a law firm, has traveled all over the streets of London and learned a lot about society. Later, he worked as an interviewer in a newspaper and was familiar with the various drawbacks of parliamentary politics. At the age of 24, he married Catherine, the daughter of Huo Jiasi, a newspaper publisher. Because of the difference in personality and taste, it brought misfortune to his creation, especially in his later life. After the interview, he began to create literature. He often wanders around remote corners and villages in London with his notebook to collect rich materials for his future creation. He has been writing hard all his life. In his later years, he often wrote during the day and recited his works at night. Heavy work, family and social troubles, and disappointment in changing reality have damaged his health. 1870 died while writing the novel The Mystery of Edwin Druid.

Creation: Dickens lived in the transitional period from feudal society to capitalist society in England. The development of capitalism has made a large number of petty bourgeoisie poor and bankrupt, and the proletariat has been brutally exploited and plunged into abject poverty. The proletarian revolutionary movement in Britain at that time, that is, the Charter Movement, had a great influence on Dickens. His works reflect the mood and demands of the people in the Charter Movement era, but he is always a reformist. He sympathizes with the working people and fears the revolution. He attacked the capitalist system and constantly exposed its evils, but he did not advocate overthrowing it. He hopes to reform the exploiters through education and influence, and eliminate social contradictions through their kindness and charity. He truly and profoundly reflected life with vivid and humorous brushstrokes. During his 34-year writing career, he wrote 14 novels (one of which was unfinished), many short stories, essays, travel notes, plays and so on. Dickens' creation can be roughly divided into four periods.

Early period (1833 ~ 184 1): When Dickens started his literary creation, he first wrote a feature for the London Morning Post, mainly showing the local customs, scenery, love and hate in London's urban and rural areas. 1836, feature collection published. 1837, the first novel "The Legend of Pickwick" began to be serialized in the newspaper. Through the travel of Pickwick and his closest friends, the author exposed the darkness of real life in Britain at that time, described the "ancient and beautiful England" in the author's mind, and reflected the author's thought and optimism that he was not oppressed by feudalism and exploited by the bourgeoisie. The author also criticized the British parliamentary system, law, justice, prisons and so on. Describing various figures such as gentlemen and drivers in a relaxed and humorous style, and advocating the ideal of moral education. The structure of this novel is relatively loose and protracted, but it takes civilians as the protagonist, which is unprecedented. It is the first achievement of Dickens' realistic novel creation.

Oliver Twist (translated by Oliver, 1838) is Dickens' first touching social novel. At this time, although he didn't realize the root of social evil, he revealed the sad life picture of the people at the bottom of society through the experience of Oliver, an orphan. Oliver couldn't stand humiliation and hunger in the poor workhouse, and fled to London, but fell into the den of thieves again, and was finally saved by a "kind" capitalist. But the author also exposed the face of bourgeois camouflage charity here, showing the depth of his creative thinking at that time. The novel Nicholas Nicholby (1839) portrays the image of a bourgeois predator and exposes the poverty and bankruptcy of small producers under the exclusion and oppression of huge industrial capital. The author exposes the darkness of the British education system through the experience of teacher Nicholas Nicholby. At that time, the so-called poor schools became profit-making places, students could only eat half full, and flogging became the main educational means. Everywhere in the novel, the author denounced the hypocrisy and greed of the bourgeoisie with angry pens and tears of hatred.

The late period (1848 ~ 186 1) is the heyday of Dickens' creation. Due to the failure of the British and French revolutionary movement, the reactionary forces of the bourgeoisie became more arrogant, Dickens' understanding of society deepened, and his works reflected a broader social life. He focuses on the kindness, warmth and moral influence of little people. Optimism has been replaced by heavy, depressed emotions and strong resentment. The main works at this time include Dombey and Son, david copperfield, Bleak House, Hard Times, Little Dooley, A Tale of Two Cities and Great Expectations. The theme of these works is deepening; Artistic style also has different characteristics from the past. The author is good at using typical details to express the characteristics of characters; While focusing on describing the kindness, warmth and moral influence of the little people, it also makes an artistic summary of the criminal and inhuman social system of the bourgeoisie with strong appeal.

David copperfield (1850) is a semi-autobiographical novel, and its achievements surpass all Dickens' other works. Through the unfortunate experience of an orphan, it paints a broad and colorful social picture, exposing the exploitation of the working people by the bourgeoisie, the dark corruption of the judiciary and the oppression of the people by the parliament. The work depicts typical figures of different classes, especially laborers, and shows the author's deep sympathy for the weak. The author also tries to inspire people to keep their confidence in life through david copperfield's ultimate success, and tries to cultivate readers' humanitarian views. The novel still ends with a happy ending, which shows the author's consistent thinking.

List of Dickens' major works

Sketch drawn by Boz- 1836

Pickwick gaiden-1836

Oliver Twist-1837-1839

Nicholas Nicholby-1838-1839

Old antique city store-1840-1841year.

Barnaby Lurgi-184 1 year

American paper money-1842

A Christmas Carol-1843

Martin chuzlwitt-1843-1844.

Dombey & Son Company-1846-1848

David copperfield-1849-1850.

A child's English history-185 1 year-1853.

Bleak Mountain Villa-1852-1853

Hard times-1854

Little Du Li-1855-1857

A Tale of Two Cities-1859

Great expectations-1860-1861year.

Our mutual friend-1864-1865.

The riddle of Edwin Rudd-unfinished, 1870.

The legendary life of Dickens, the literary master

Abstract: In the history of English literature, the19th century was the heyday of novels with bright stars. Among these great novelists, Dickens is the most dazzling star. Dickens, who suffered from human sufferings since childhood, sympathized most with the working people and helpless children. Dickens is a prolific writer. He created a lot of classic works with diligence and talent. He is also a master of humor, who often tells the truth of the world in romance and reality in humorous language, so that Marx has to admire him as an "outstanding novelist".