What's the difference between zh, ch, sh and Z, C and S?

1-The former is tongue-warped, and the latter is not tongue-warped.

The 2- zh, ch and sh in Putonghua belong to the tip of the tongue. As the name implies, the difference from zcs is the tip of the tongue.

3- The so-called tongue-twisting sound is a consonant produced by connecting the tip of the tongue with the front of the hard palate (the tongue is tilted), so that the airflow is blocked.

4- and zcs is the so-called flat tongue sound.

5-that is, the sound of blocking airflow formed by the tip of the tongue pressing on the upper gum.

6- Generally speaking, zhchsh will read more heavily, while zcs will read more clearly.