What are the Mongolian Quyi?

Brief Introduction of Mongolian Professional Quyi Quyi

Wuligeer (Mongolian storytelling)

Wuligeer, Mongolian storytelling, has a history of more than 700 years. At first, it was just a simple story-telling form. In the long process of development, a professional artist (hultsch) appeared to give lectures in various places. Especially since the19th century, through the practice of giving lectures on the translation of Chinese classics such as Spring and Autumn and Warring States, List of Gods, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Water Margin, etc., the ranks of professional artists have been continuously expanded and the artistic forms have been continuously improved, becoming an important school of Mongolian Quyi. In the form of singing, at present, there are mainly: playing the audio and video of a single person singing through radio and television; In grassland festivals or major celebrations, many storytellers are organized to perform collective singing in the open-air square. In addition, there are popular forms such as single-person speech and shared role singing on the stage.

Haolaibao (rhyming lyrics)

"Haolaibao" means "rhyming lyrics" in Chinese. Originated from Mongolian "Wuligeer", with a song as the main singing form. Haolaibao is a primary compulsory course for Mongolian storytellers because of its simple tune and lively form. For those mature artists, Haolaibao is especially good at it, which is characterized by lyrical scenery, improvisation and swearing. Hao can be divided into narrative Hao, praise Hao, question and answer Hao and step by step Hao, and there are two forms of solo and public singing. Recently, Inner Mongolia Folk Art Troupe has created a large-scale group-mouth Haolaibao, including Inner Mongolia Unites and Enterprises, Soaring, People Riding Horses, long live the motherland, The Wish of Grassland Children, Single-mouth Haolaibao, Bao Ma Hero, Postman Girl and so on.

Tao Li (heroic epic)

Taoli (meaning "epic" or "heroic epic") belongs to one of the ancient Mongolian literary and artistic forms. Usually refers to ancient long narrative poems with legends or major historical events as the theme. It mainly praises the heroic achievements of Mongolians in overcoming natural disasters and resisting foreign aggression in the process of formation and development. Generally describe major historical events and heroes who are universally respected. Solemn and lofty style; Exaggeration and metaphor are often used in poetry, and the images are vivid and vivid. Chen Fu's stories also use narrative and flashback techniques, pay attention to layout, and have high artistic skills. In the early days, it was generally circulated among the people in the form of oral creation. With the passage of time, constantly absorb all the ingredients, and gradually improve. In the form of singing, singers usually sing by themselves.

Yiruole (bamboo pine)

Bamboo songs are a folk art form formed by Mongolians in ancient times. In the historical process, it stands out from folk songs and poems and forms its own unique style. Generally speaking, "eulogy" refers to the eulogy of objects (people, things and utensils) by full-time eulogists or eulogists at wedding banquets. Such as: Happy Birthday, Happy Moving, and Safe Livestock. Ode usually refers to the form of recitation, which idealizes the reality of the object to be sung with beautiful and smooth poems and wishes it prosperity and bright future. Bamboo pine is played by one or more people, supplemented by corresponding music to render the atmosphere.

Maktala (praise)

Like eulogy, eulogy originated from ancient folk songs and proverbs. It is a form of artistic praise for human activities, human landscapes and natural landscapes such as rivers and mountains with hymns. Praise requires a vivid artistic expression of the history and present situation of the object of praise. Praise can be sung in single mouth and multi-mouth, and sometimes a special divertimento is used, and the performer sings while pulling.

Dialogue

Dairicha is an ancient form of rap spread among the people and developed through oral communication. In the season of concentrated production of agriculture and animal husbandry, people gather together during the interval of intense labor, singing labor horn songs to relieve fatigue, and at the same time metaphorically teasing and satirizing each other in the form of confrontation; Although it formed a loose art form, it developed slowly because it could not get rid of the old habit of laughing at others and being jealous of others. Since 1950s, Dairicha has been listed as a kind of folk art, which has been transformed and appeared on the stage. Metaphor and satire are mainly used to expose and whip ugly behaviors and unreasonable phenomena in society, arouse conscience and correct the atmosphere. In the form of expression, there are mainly counterparts and public opinion.

Laugh hot (Mongolian cross talk)

Laughter and sub-fever originated earlier, similar to the "cross talk" of Han nationality. Initially, it appeared in the form of a loosely structured joke.

In ancient times, at ordinary wedding banquets, banquets of princes and nobles, and temple fairs, there were people who made up jokes and told humorous stories to make the audience laugh. Gradually, a kind of "laughing person" appeared, which was regarded as charity and manic for life. Since 1950s, the craze of laughter, ah, ah has been put on the stage of national folk art, and gradually transformed by national artists, which makes this art form reflect various social phenomena through humorous narration, takes making people laugh as its artistic feature, and accommodates the artistic means of "speaking, learning, teasing and singing" in Han crosstalk, and becomes an important genre of national folk art.. In the form of performance, there are stand-up crosstalk, mouth-to-mouth crosstalk and laughter.

Wuligatu Road (narrative folk song)

Wuligatu Road, a narrative folk song, is a popular folk art form with compact plot and vivid characters. Generally, Wuligatu Road is very short, and the whole story is sung in one tune. Narrative folk songs are mostly based on real people and historical events, with coherent plots and beautiful lyrics. In stage performances, one or several people usually play and sing by themselves, or everyone plays roles and sings in makeup with accompaniment.

major

In Mongolian, the long tune is called "Urutudao", which means Long song. Compared with short songs, long tunes have a long history besides long tunes. According to the textual research of Mongolian artist La Su Rong, this long tune has a history of at least thousands of years. "Marco Polo's Travels" said: "When the two armies are in array, the sounds of various musical instruments and songs come together ... their voices are very nice. Playing and singing for a long time, waiting for the drums to start, the two armies will fight. " It can be seen that long tune, as a warrior's battle song during Genghis Khan's period, was popular in Eurasia with Mongolian soldiers. Long tunes are especially praised for their melodious melodies, complicated twists and turns and internal rhythms that can only be understood. Long tune is the most representative of Mongolian music culture. Long tune is a kind of oral culture left over from history, which can be called "living fossil" of Mongolian music. The greatest charm of the long tune is that it is a kind of music closest to nature, or that the long tune itself is a beautiful natural picture. Long tune is the result of Mongolian ancestors' hunting from mountain forest to nomadic grassland, production mode from hunting to grazing, and people's attitude towards birds, animals and plants from taking to raising. It is the product of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.

Humai

Humai, also known as Lin Hao Chaoer, is a superb singing form of Mongolian polyphonic Chaoer, and it is a throat art. With special vocal skills, one person can sing two voices at the same time, forming a rare multi-voice form. Singers use breath-holding skills to make the breath violently impact the vocal cords, making a strong bubble sound and forming a bass. On this basis, skillfully adjust the * * * sound of the oral cavity, strengthen and concentrate the overtones, and sing transparent and clear high notes with metallic sounds, thus obtaining extremely wonderful sound effects. Mongolians have a strange saying about the appearance of Humai: when the ancient ancestors were active in the deep mountains, they saw the branches of rivers branching, waterfalls flying down, mountains singing and valleys echoing, and they could be heard for dozens of miles, so they imitated and produced Humai. Generally speaking, Humai's songs can be divided into the following three categories: first, singing beautiful natural scenery; The second is to express and simulate the lovely image of wild animals; The third is to praise horses and grasslands.