In what ways does The Journey to the West embody his comedy style?

On The Journey to the West's humorous aesthetic style and its national cultural connotation?

Song Zijun?

In the history of China literature, The Journey to the West is the most outstanding romantic masterpiece and the most comic artistic treasure. In terms of expression and artistic style, it combines fantasy and comedy, thus showing its unique creative personality and aesthetic value and becoming a wonderful flower in China and even the world. It is necessary to further explore the extremely rich and varied comedy factors, comedy characteristics and expression techniques contained in the book, as well as the causes of the comedy style of the novel and the national psychology and cultural connotation contained therein. This paper intends to express some humble opinions on the above issues and discuss them with colleagues. ?

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The characteristic of comedy art is "Zhuangzi is harmonious but different". As far as China's classical literature is concerned, such works are not uncommon. But in contrast, The Journey to the West has its own distinctive characteristics:

First, the humorous style runs through the book, not limited to the occasional embellishment of a chapter or a section. We can see that there is a humorous and relaxed style in The Journey to the West's hundreds of films from beginning to end. To sum up, it includes: comic conflicts, comic characters, comic details, comic language style and so on.

Contradictions and conflicts in comedy. Contradictions are everywhere. There are also many contradictions and conflicts in the works of Journey to the West, which are mainly manifested in the gap between man and nature, Wukong and gods, monsters, Wukong and Bajie, and Tang Priest in the Buddhist scriptures. However, not all contradictions are comic, and the comic nature of conflict stems from the comic plot and the comic nature of characters. In The Journey to the West, there is no shortage of both. The author carefully arranged the story full of comedy, made great efforts to tap the comedy factors in the characters' personalities, and launched various contradictions and conflicts such as good and evil, good and evil, beauty and ugliness, truth and falsehood, which made the plot in the book bizarre, fascinating and humorous. Characters are not only biological, social and magical, but also full of sense of humor, which makes people laugh. For example, in the first seven times, I wrote a story about Wukong learning from a teacher and asking the Dragon Palace to borrow weapons and ask for clothes. Let hell erase the plot of life and death books; The plot of disturbing heaven, stealing the old gentleman's elixir, fighting with Erlang God, and betting with Tathagata are all quite comic. On the way to the Western Heaven, the author is extremely playful and funny, almost humorous and full of fun everywhere. Such as writing Wukong Monkey King Thrice Defeats the Skeleton Demon, three-tune banana fan, subduing the black bear essence, outwitting Huang Paoguai, and using the trick of "breaking the net with the fake father" to let Tang Priest get rid of the love of the king of his daughter country.

In addition, comedy conflicts are also manifested in the study team. There are contradictions between Wukong and Bajie because of personality differences; Unity is achieved by solving contradictions, and new contradictions arise from unity. So repeatedly, promote the development of comedy plot. Even in the Western Heaven, the author once again set Arno and Gayaye beside the Buddha, demanding "personnel" from Tang Priest and his disciples, and even telling stories without words, thus forming a contradiction between preachers and Taoists, satirizing the former.

Comic detail description. In The Journey to the West, the author not only carefully constructs the comedy conflicts between various characters, but also depicts the humorous details with meticulous brushwork, thus achieving a strong comedy effect. For example, in the thirty-second time, Wukong let Pig go out of the mountain. He was reluctant, but he was afraid to go-

After walking seven or eight miles, he left the nail palladium behind, turned to look at the Tang Priest, pointed and cursed, "Stop being a soft old monk and catch that stubborn old monk with a weak face!" He is always there, playing tricks on my old pig! ..... go back to sleep, vaguely promise him, just say patrol the mountain, and it's settled. " Idiot is lucky, carrying palladium for a while and leaving again. I saw a red grassy slope in the canyon. He dived into the water and spread the nail palladium on the floor. He fell asleep, stretched out and said, "Happy! Even Bi Marvin can't be as comfortable as me! "

This meticulous description makes Bajie's lazy and sleepy character and complaining manner stand out from the pages, which is comic. Similar details can be found everywhere in novels. For example, in the eighteenth time, Wukong became the daughter of Gao Taigong and played tricks on Bajie in the dark; On the 23rd time, when Pig "bumped into the sky", he touched the left and right, and fell badly, so he couldn't catch the woman. The twenty-fourth time I wrote that Bajie ate ginseng fruit, and he was insatiable and didn't know its taste. He swallowed it and asked Wukong for it.

Comedy language style. The language of Journey to the West is characterized by rhyme, fluency, vividness and humor. Whether it is narrative language, descriptive language, or dialogue between characters, whether it is verse or prose, or naming characters, this is true. Here are some examples of rhymes, dialogues and names:

Although the characters are ugly, diligence has its merits. If there are thousands of hectares of land, don't engage in Niu Geng. As long as a meal of palladium, cloth seed growth time. No rain can ask for rain, and no wind can call the wind. If the house is too short, go up two or three floors. If you don't sweep the floor, the sewer can't be completely unblocked. I can do all kinds of things with my parents. (Back to the 23rd)

At first glance, I know that this poem is the language of Bajie to show off his skills, which is beyond words and makes people laugh.

Another example is the seventy-fifth time, when the demon king devoured Wukong alive and then tried to let him out, Wukong said, "Now it's cool in autumn, and I still wear a straight bow. This stomach is warm and stuffy, and it won't come out until winter. " The demon king said to the little demon, "If you don't eat in winter, you will starve that Bi Marvin!" " Wukong said that he brought a folding pot in and wanted to be a chop suey. "Take care of your liver, intestines, stomach and lungs, and wrap it up until Qingming is enough!" The old demon was frightened. This passage is humorous and interesting, which can be described as a wonderful dialogue.

In The Journey to the West, the author also consciously uses language repetition and antithesis to achieve comic effect. For example, in the forty-ninth story, the demon was fighting with the pig. I saw the pig holding a nine-toothed palladium nail and saying, "You used to be a monk halfway." Pig said, "My son, you are really inspired. How did you know that I became a monk halfway? " The demon said, "You can use palladium. I think you should hire it to plant a garden there and turn it into palladium in the future. " Seeing that the demon's weapon was a copper hammer, Pig also said, "If you splash it, you are also a demon who was tempered halfway!" The monster asked, "How do you know that I became a genius halfway?" Pig said, "You can use a copper hammer." . "I think you hired that silversmith to pull the stove and then stole it." They sneered at each other and deliberately repeated the sentence "halfway" during the question and answer. The contrast between "monk" and "demon" makes the dialogue lively and interesting. Another example is the fifty-sixth time, when the Tang Priest invited an old man from the village to spend the night. Seeing the ugly faces of the three disciples, the old man shook his head and waved his hand and said, "No, no, no, it's not human! Yes, yes, just a few goblins! " "Grandpa!" He added. A hag, a horse face, a tripterygium wilfordii! Hearing this, Wukong snapped, "Lei Gong is my grandson, Hag is my great-grandson, and Ma Mian is my great-grandson! "The repetition of language here also enhances the interest of the novel.

It is also worth mentioning that the author is also quite ingenious and interesting when naming the characters in the book. For example, he named the six thieves: seeing happiness, smelling anger, smelling love, tasting thoughts with his tongue, wanting to see, and worrying about his health (the fourteenth time). The names of these people are all named after the five senses of the human body and various passions of people, which is both humorous and ironic. Another example is that when the author outwitted the goblin, he asked Wukong to change his name, calling himself "monkey", "monkey's grandson" and "monkey's grandson" (the 34th time). In the sixty-second episode, the little demon has a name, one is "running waves" and the other is "running waves". The author just reversed the word order slightly and gave a name, which is both ready-made and interesting. The seventieth time, the name of the little demon was "come and go", and Wukong teased him and said, "I told you to come and go"; In the seventy-first time, a little demon named "Little Drill Wind", and Wukong called himself "General Drill Wind" after hearing about it. In both cases, the author only changed one word to make the text interesting. If the names in A Dream of Red Mansions are meaningful words managed by the author, then the names in The Journey to the West seem handy, but they are novel and unique, adding a strong comic color and infinite interest to the work.

Secondly, comedy color is reflected in many characters, not just a certain type or a certain character image. In the novel, no matter the gods and buddhas in the sky, the monsters on the earth, or the monarchs, Taoist priests, monks and other figures on the earth, the author ridiculed them to varying degrees. Or laugh at his arrogance, or ridicule his words and deeds; Or ridicule his greed for money, or satirize his ignorance and cruelty ... For example, it is written in the book that the jade emperor is supreme and incompetent, and the sky will bully the weak and fear the hard, and intrigue, calling him "the nephew of the goblin" to the Buddha and joking to Guanyin that "no husband is her life"; Most goblins are inextricably linked with gods and buddhas. In order to satisfy all kinds of greed, they steal the treasure from heaven and do evil. Writing Taoist myths confuses people, steals state affairs, and does evil; Writing about the monarch is incompetent and stupid. And so on, as Lu Xun said: comedy means "tearing up worthless things for people to see", and the comedy meaning of "harmony with Zhuang" is obvious.

It should also be noted that the author's humorous style is not only aimed at those criticized characters, but also reflected in the description of the four masters and apprentices within the classic team, especially the comic characters of Wukong and Bajie. Let's start with Friar Sand and Tang Priest. It is generally believed that the image of Friar Sand in the novel is not clear enough to see its comedy. In fact, after reading the novel carefully, this image also has a sense of humor. For example, in the fifty-third time, I wrote that Tang Priest and Bajie were pregnant after drinking Zimu River's water, and the novel went on to write:

Hearing this, Pig trembled all over, and the pain was unbearable. "That's all!" He said. That's all! Dead! Dead! "Friar Sand laughed." Second brother, awkward (waist), awkward (waist). I'm afraid you'll get prenatal disease if you raise the baby's intestines wrong. The idiot became more and more afraid and had tears in his eyes. "。 He took Monkey by the hand and said, "Brother, ask this mother-in-law where there are gentle and steady women, and find some in advance. This half will be turbulent and tense, which I think is a kind of pain. Soon, soon! Friar Sand laughed again: "Second brother, since you know it hurts, don't twist it so as not to burst your ear! "

This plot has always been regarded by critics as a vulgar and boring failure in the book. The author thinks: otherwise, because this plot is absurd, but it is also one of the eighty-one difficulties that those who learn from the scriptures must experience, and it is not completely irrelevant to the theme of the novel. Moreover, this passage is also a pen and ink that reflects the humorous style of the novel. Among them, Friar Sand's words satirized Bajie's meaning, which was quite humorous and showed the character's side. There are also dramatic descriptions of Tang Priest in the novel. For example, in chapter 49, he wrote that he was imprisoned by a monster, crying and reading: "I hate the bad life of this river. There were many floods when I was born. When I was born, I washed the waves, worshipped the Buddha and fell into the sand. I was in trouble in Heihe before, and now I die in the ice. I don't know if my apprentice can come, but can I really go back to my hometown? " This poem, through the mouth of Tang priest, tells his life story, tells his ill-fated fate, and contains the meaning of ridicule, thus bringing his mediocrity and incompetence to life, which makes people laugh. Another example is the fifty-sixth time. It is humorous to write that Tang Priest prayed at the graves of two thieves killed by Wukong, invited them to sue Sun instead of Chen when they made speeches in the guild hall, and laughed at his selfishness and cowardice.

Third, the comedy style is expressed from many angles, not limited to spicy satire. In western comedies, most are critical works. The objects of satire are usually princes, nobles, civil and military ministers, bourgeoisie, nouveau riche, miser, dude and so on. Their despicable souls and gaffes are often exposed through satire. In China's classical dramas, there are both the comedy of eulogizing (The West Chamber) and the comedy of eulogizing and satire (saving the wind). As far as novels are concerned, The Scholars, a famous satirical novel in Qing Dynasty, also aims to expose and criticize. In The Journey to the West, however, the angle of comedy shows a trend of diversification and enrichment. If the novel mainly satirizes gods, buddhas, demons and all kinds of social darkness, then there are ridicule and praise, exposure and sympathy, criticism and affirmation for Tang Priest and his disciples. Moreover, according to different characters, the author has different degrees of criticism and praise.

For example, for Wukong, on the one hand, the author depicts his witty, generous, humorous personality and cheerful spirit, and on the other hand, he makes a kind mockery of his shortcomings such as "arrogant nature", focusing on praising beauty, which makes this positive hero full of human touch and realism, making people feel amiable and lovely. In the novel, although he is an apprentice of Tang Priest, he is the first protagonist in the book. "Making a scene in three realms" is his "heroic spectrum" and "Western learning spreading to the east" is his "entrepreneurial history". The author not only endowed him with spiritual qualities such as courage, wit, optimism, boldness, hatred of evil, courage to resist, strong-willed, magnanimous, affectionate and righteous, and loyal to the cause of learning Buddhist scriptures, but also wrote his personality defects such as arrogance, bravado, vanity, impatience, playfulness and ideological superiority over women. When describing this artistic image, novels often use comic plots and language, making it one of the most brilliant and comic characters in the book. ? As soon as Wukong was born, the author endowed him with an innate sense of humor. In order to live forever, he sought immortality and visited Taoism all over the world. On the way, he dressed, learned manners and learned words. Listening to Bodhi's sermon, he was scratching his head and dancing with joy when he reached the "wonderful sound". Master said a few words about Taoism and immediately asked, "Is it possible to live forever?" When the founder said "no", he shouted four times: "Don't learn, don't learn!" When I met the Jade Emperor, I didn't kneel or worship, calling myself "old grandson". When he opposed the Heavenly Palace, he regarded it as dirt and beat them away. Fighting against Erlang God, he turned into a temple, but after being seen through, he turned into Erlang God and was sentenced to worship ghosts and enjoy human sacrifices. When betting with the Tathagata, he sprinkled a bubble of monkey urine on Tianzhu (Tathagata's finger) in order to leave a mark. On the way to learn the scriptures, I teased monsters in every way. I once drank urine for Hu Li, Lu Li and Yang Li, three monsters who are known as "Great Immortals". In Zhu Ziguo, he treated the king with pills synthesized from horse urine; He played tricks on his younger brother Bajie many times, which made him hate, afraid and inseparable from him. Bajie also tried his best to get back at him, repeatedly slandering Master and asking Tang Priest to recite a spell, which made Wukong suffer greatly. And so on, it's really enjoyable to read.

Bajie is another most comic figure in The Journey to the West. The author mainly exposes his shortcomings in character through his funny appearance, manners, words and behaviors. Affirming this character in criticism is equivalent to belittling and praising beauty, making it complicated and realistic, and making readers feel love and hate for him. For example, the novel describes the wolf's arrogance and greed, lust and greed, timidity and selfishness, and his belief in learning from the scriptures is not firm, but he is simple and kind, unpretentious, greedy for small profits and never forgets the righteousness, hardworking and sometimes brave in battle, and so on. The author's description of Bajie's comedy character uses the most pen and ink, which is also the most unforgettable for readers. That is, he often does things with different viewpoints, and the objective effect is contrary to his subjective wishes. Typical examples, such as the twenty-third "Four Saints Try Zen". He wants to be a son-in-law and enjoy wealth, but he is afraid to promise in front of his master and brother. He even said, "Take a long-term view." Later, in the name of releasing the horse, he "bumped into marriage" behind others' backs, but in the end he ended up in handcuffs and shouted "Help"! For another example, in the 49th chapter, it was written that the Tang Priest was captured by the monster of Tongtian River, and three other disciples went into the water to find the master to catch the monster. Pig Bajie took advantage of Wukong's inexperience in water and made fun of him in revenge. But Wukong knew what Pig was thinking, so he played along and told Pig to back. Bajie pretended to fall and tried to slap his brother. Who knows that the monkey hair on his back is fake Wukong, and there is no trace at this time. The real Wukong has become a bug, nailed to his ear. The novel goes on to say:

Friar Sand said, "Brother, what did you say? If you can't walk, you will fall into the mud, but where did you fall? " "That monkey couldn't help falling," Pig said. "Once it falls, it melts. Brother, don't worry about his life and death. I will accompany you to find the master. " Friar Sand said, "No, he has to come. Although he doesn't know water, he is smarter than us. I won't go with you unless he comes. " Monkey couldn't help shouting in Pig's ear, "Wukong, I'm coming." Friar Sand laughed and said, "That's all. This idiot is dead. How dare you play tricks on him! What can I do if I don't meet now? " Pig knelt in the mud in panic and kowtowed, "Brother, it's me. Go ashore to accompany the ceremony when you save master! If you make a noise, I'll die! Please come out as it is! I'm carrying you behind my back and I won't dare to bump into you again. " "You're still carrying me," Monkey said. . The idiot mumbled a word, only read the ceremony, got up and went in with Friar Sand. "。 ?

I tried to play a trick on people, but I was played by them. It's really "shooting yourself in the foot", and Bajie's comedy character and the author's satire are among them.

For Friar Sand, although the author doesn't use many pens and his image is not as clear as that of his two brothers, his integrity, simplicity, easygoing, heavy righteousness, hard work, loyalty to the cause of Buddhist scriptures and humor are still fully revealed in the relevant descriptions. He has not only been affirmed by the author, but also made readers feel amiable and lovely.

The description of Tang Priest, the founder of Buddhist scriptures, in the novel is also mixed. In addition to moderately affirming his enterprising spirit of firm belief, not being confused by wealth and color, and wholeheartedly traveling to the west, the author often mocks him as a "pustule" that makes people feel pity and hate. In a word, the diversity of The Journey to the West's artistic expression angle makes the book present a variety of artistic styles. Among them, there are satirical comedies that focus on exposure and criticism, light comedies that focus on praise, and humorous comedies that combine banter and criticism, giving readers extremely rich aesthetic enjoyment. This fully shows its superb comic art level and unique aesthetic characteristics.

Fourth, comedies are rich and varied, but they are not monotonous. Misunderstanding, coincidence, exaggeration, comparison and repetition are often used in Chinese and western comedies. However, two or three kinds are often used in a certain work. In The Journey to the West, the above methods are all combined, and they are used alternately, creating and developing. For example, the Monkey King's "Three-Tone Banana Fan" returns to the sixty-first time from fifty-ninth, and Wukong borrows a fan from Princess Tiefan, calling her "sister-in-law" first, and then calling herself "uncle". The sudden change of people is very funny.

The first time I got into the iron fan princess's stomach, I punched and kicked, but I borrowed a fake fan. Instead of putting out the fire, he fanned the flames, so he couldn't escape. Instead, he burned two hairs on himself and ran and shouted, "Fire is coming, fire is coming!" " More amazing; Later, Wukong stole the golden-eyed beast and became a cow and a princess, holding hands and snuggling up to each other. His words were humorous and tender, which made people laugh. That's a trick, but I only learned the formula to make the fan bigger, forgot to ask how to make it smaller again, so I had to carry the fan on my shoulder and "walk happily", so there was such a scene: a man less than five feet tall was carrying a handle and two fans, and the strong contrast of his body produced a wonderful comedy effect. What's even more amazing is that Niu Wangmo "deals with a man as he deals with you" and becomes Bajie, cheating the banana fan back. After reading this, people will be complacent and careless about Wukong because of his fans, and show a knowing smile in vain.

In these plots, there are comic expressions such as inversion, misunderstanding, exaggeration, contrast and repetition. Similar examples are not uncommon in books. For example, in Chapter 35, the Monkey King dressed up as a fairy, coaxed a small demon with a fake gourd that could "pretend to be in heaven", and got two treasures, namely a red gourd and a jade bottle of Jinjiao and Yinjiao, who became the old mothers of the two demons and accepted their bows. , also adopted the above expression. There has never been such rich and ingenious artistic skills in comedy literature at all times and in all countries, which is of great significance to our comedy creation today. ?

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Then the question to be discussed is: How did the rich comedy style of Journey to the West come into being? What kind of national cultural connotation is included?

It is generally believed that the humorous style in the book is related to the character of the author Wu Cheng'en. As Mr. Lu Xun pointed out: "The author is also good at comedy, so although he is talking about things that are changing in a trance, he is also talking about confusing things ..." This statement is correct. As the saying goes, "writing is like a person." It can be said that in The Journey to the West, the author's knowledge, talent and personality have been fully reflected. Someone commented on Chaplin's comedy creation like this: "Chaplin is full of comedy cells." This is because in the process of creation, he always thinks in combination with the characteristics of comedy images and is good at expressing specific content through humor. This is Zhuo's creative personality.

As we all know, a writer's creative personality lies not in what he shows, but mainly in how he shows it. The Journey to the West borrowed religious stories and myths and legends from Tang Priest, and used fantastic forms and humorous styles to express his understanding and feelings about real life. This is very different, especially the comic style of the novel, which is a vivid portrayal of his "humorous" personality and intelligence. As the saying goes, "style is people".

However, the style of literary works is not only determined by the writer's subjective factors (such as personality). It is often related to its social and historical environment, personal life experience and the specific subject matter to be expressed. For example, Dongpo Ci in the Northern Song Dynasty is characterized by bold and clear, while Jiaxuan Ci in the Southern Song Dynasty is characterized by bold and tragic. Although Su and Xin both belong to the uninhibited ci style, their ci styles are different, showing their own style characteristics. This difference in ci style not only reflects their differences in personality, but also reflects their differences in historical conditions and social life. Similarly, The Journey to the West's humorous comedy style is also related to the real environment in which the author lives. In other words, it is the product of the combination of Wu Cheng'en's subjective thought and objective reality.

In the long poem "Erlang Seeking Mountain Songs", Wu fully expressed his social view and political ambition: "The disaster of the people lies in clothes, not apes and cranes, but ants. ..... the evil knife goes through the chest and wants to calm the hatred. " The cynicism in this poem speaks for itself. In order to expose the darkness of society and express the injustice in the heart, the author creatively chose the best way of "how to express himself", that is, "harmony without difference", as he said in his poems and "From the chest" (preface to the selected works of Mr. Wu Sheyang). Therefore, in this sense, The Journey to the West's comedy style is a concrete manifestation of the organic unity of the author's "good comedy" character and his indignation at social reality. The writing intention revealed in the book is obvious, that is, "there are differences between generations, but there are also lessons to be learned" (preface to Ding Yuzhi).

Moreover, the formation of The Journey to the West's humorous comedy style has a long history and cultural origin, which embodies the psychological and personality characteristics of the Chinese nation.

As far as I can see, it is not unreasonable for some commentators to say that the Chinese nation is a "serious nation". But "seriousness" is only one aspect of our national character. In fact, the Chinese nation is a nation full of optimism and sense of humor. This point can be fully verified from ancient books, folk literature and the long records of literati's creation. Judging from historical records, there were records about "Nuo You" in the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties. Among them, you Meng, you Fang, etc. Good at joking, using humorous language to achieve the purpose of irony. This situation lasted at least until the Tang and Song Dynasties. "Tang Yulin" contains: "Wu Zongxing teaches workshops, worships fine things, makes good wine, and plays jokes such as folk banquets, which is very pleasing to the world." The preface to talking about peace in southern Tang dynasty made a positive evaluation of talking about peace, saying, "Ming Hu!" Speaking of harmony, it has come! Most of the ugliness in Qin and Han dynasties was caused by musicians and excellent people. He sneered at the bad politics at that time, so he had to go with the flow and attack its disadvantages first. Although he is not a gentleman, he is a well-read person. "

From the folk art performances since the Tang and Song Dynasties and the later China classical dramas based on this, we also pay great attention to humor. For example, there is a so-called joining the army in the folk art of the Tang Dynasty, which is a farce in which two people amuse each other to make fun of the audience; Song and dance dramas in the Tang Dynasty also have comedy elements, such as "the husband wears women's clothes" and "singing and dancing" in "Walking on a Ballad Mother", which is a bitter statement. And her husband, and then fight, think laughter. "It can be seen that the performance of this drama is bittersweet and bittersweet. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, a special art category of "telling lies" appeared, that is, telling jokes. Song Zaju is also based on humor and ridicule. Wu's Dream said: "Zaju tells stories and is very funny. "There is a similar record in Jisheng, the capital of Nadine. Because of this, although Song Zaju is an immature drama form, it can win the love of the broad audience. Yu Ji's "Chicken Ribs" volume records the grand performance of Yizhou (Chengdu) zaju: "From Shangyuan to April 18th, Chengdu enjoyed a few days in vain ... from Dan to dusk, only zaju was of the same color. Sitting in the martial arts field, the court looked around the palace to see the shed. Outside the shed stood a high stool, and the people stood on it like a mountain. Every time I laugh, I will burst into laughter at the banquet, and ordinary people will laugh ... "

In China's classical operas (whether Yuan, Ming and Qing Zaju, Song, Yuan Nan Opera, or Ming and Qing Legends), there are unique comedies. Even in drama and tragedy, some works are mixed with humorous elements of gag, and there are clowns in the roles of drama. In ancient novels, there are also many comic plot descriptions and lovely comic characters. In addition, some people have specially compiled and published joke stories with strong comedy color in the world. For example, Feng Menglong compiled three kinds of jokes, among which "Laughing House" and "Laughing House" are stories widely circulated among the people included by Feng. It is a masterpiece of historical biographies and miscellaneous records, and a masterpiece of typical jokes in real life. It is particularly noteworthy that there is a passage in the preface to Laughing House: "Laughing House contains paragraphs, and thirteen articles (volumes) are still full of clouds. Or happy and unhappy; Or look angry, please don't be angry. There is a laughing house in ancient and modern world, where Ruo and I are both talking. You're not an adult if you don't talk. If you don't laugh, you are not an adult. " In the editor's view, since ancient times, there have been "jokes" everywhere in the world, and the world is made up of jokes. Thus, jokes are an important part of people's lives. Under the influence of the Feng family, later generations compiled Laughing Forest, Laughing Forest and Laughing Down. As for Yuan and Ming Sanqu and Ming folk songs, there are also a considerable number of "folk songs" with playful nature.

It is worth noting that even in the so-called "elegant" literature-poetry, which China literati attach great importance to, humorous pen and ink can sometimes be seen. If someone points out: "Zi Mei is playful, such as' the makeup is suddenly opened and the eyebrows are wide', although it is a wife and daughter." (Volume 4 of Detailed Notes on Du Shaoling) In fact, there are more than two banter sentences in the Northern Expedition, and it is not just the Northern Expedition that has banter in Du Fu's poems. Among the Tang and Song poets, Han Yu, Bai Juyi, Yang Wanli and Mei also have humorous styles. Among them, Su Shi is the most prominent, and his poetic style is different from ancient interest, rational interest and humorous interest, such as "first arrival in Huangzhou", "Wen Zi is self-sparse" and "actor is self-sparse", all of which are humorous. Song people even suggested that writing poems should pay attention to humor. For example, Chen Shan's "New Theory of Qin lice" says: "Taste words in the valley: writing poems is like writing zaju. When I first started setting up, I had to slap my face to appear. " There are also many humorous and satirical works among poets in Ming and Qing Dynasties. There are also many excellent humorous chapters in the scattered themes from pre-Qin to Ming and Qing Dynasties. ? To sum up, in the long history of ancient literature and art in China, there is a humorous creative tendency in both folk literature, popular literature and elegant literature. This kind of works is an important part of our national culture, reflecting the character and cultural characteristics of the Chinese nation. The Journey to the West's creation is deeply rooted in the fertile soil of this national culture before the Ming Dynasty. The author inherits and develops this tradition and creatively uses the form of Zhang Hui's novels to develop the comedy of literature to the extreme. It is the profound accumulation of national culture for thousands of years that gave birth to the author, the master of comedy art, and made him achieve The Journey to the West's masterpiece full of rich comedy style.

The Journey to the West is not only a landmark work in the history of comedy literature in China, but also has an obvious influence on the creation of later generations. In ancient novels, it was The Journey to the West who initiated the use of comedy expression techniques, and was also the representative work of this kind of works.

In the ancient land of China, people suffered greatly. Under the pressure of feudal system and ethics, people need to vent, relax and laugh. This is the social basis for the emergence and development of ancient comedies, and it is also an important cause of The Journey to the West's comedy style and its profound ideological and cultural connotation.