The information of the Red Army crossing the grassland is less than 200 words.

1In August, 935, the right-wing army led by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Red Fourth Front Army Headquarters entered the grassland. The marching queue is divided into two roads, left and right, and advances in parallel. The left wing is Lin Biao's Red 1 Legion, which goes first; Followed by the central leading organs, the Red Army University and so on. On the right are the Red 30th Army and the Red 4th Army led by Xu and Chen Changhao. Peng led the Red 3 Army behind the house and took the left-wing marching route. Before entering the grassland, the Red Army tried every means to raise food. Hulled highland barley, ground into wheat grains, ground into flour and fried, becomes dry food fried noodles; Slaughter horses and yaks and make dried meat for consumption; To find and identify wild vegetables under the leadership of Tibetans for the needs of grassland; Also prepare soju, pepper or pepper juice to keep out the cold. Despite our best efforts, the food raised by the Red Army is still not enough for the whole army to eat. Each person can bring at most 8 to 10 kg, usually 5 to 6 kg, and some only 3 or 4 kg. The lack of food made the Red Army pay too much for its life when crossing the grassland.

It is hard for future generations to feel the difficulty of the Red Army crossing the grassland.

First of all, it's difficult. The endless grassland is full of aquatic plants, swamps and mires, and there is no road at all. People and horses must walk on the grass and jump from one grass to another. Or leaned on a stick to explore the depth, and several people helped to walk. In this way, at the end of the day, I am exhausted. There are three fears when crossing the meadow: one is afraid of not stepping on the meadow and getting stuck in the mud. The mire is usually deep. Struggle hard, you will get deeper and deeper, and you will be swallowed up by sludge before you can save it. When the Red Army was in those days, it was often that after one person got stuck, another person reached out and pulled, and if he pushed too hard, he would be trapped. Later, I learned from experience that I had to move my body slowly to get up, or wrap my leggings around the waist of my trapped comrades to get up. Mud water is not only inedible, but also soaked in broken legs and feet, which will be red, swollen and even festering, and it is difficult to get better at once. Second, I'm afraid of rain.

The meadow is difficult to walk, it is raining, and the feet are softer and smoother. If you are not careful, you will fall into the mud. Third, I'm afraid of crossing the river. There are many rivers on the grassland, some of which are shallower than others, some of which are wide and swift, and it is even more difficult if it rains. Weak, cold and hungry, can not help but stimulate the cold river. Almost every time we cross the river, even if it is one meter deep, soldiers fall down. Huang Kecheng said in his memoirs: Once, the troops were wading across the river when it suddenly rained heavily. The river surged and the torrent rolled, and many people who were still in the river were washed away and swallowed up by the flood. In this way, countless Red Army soldiers died on the grassland.

Secondly, it is difficult to eat. The prepared highland barley fried noodles need to be cooked before eating. Without water, thirst is terrible. When it rains, highland barley gets wet and becomes a knot in my heart. If you mix it with boiling water, it will become fine noodles if you are not hungry. If you eat sticky bumps, it's hard to swallow. There are still many comrades who have no time to grind flour before entering the grass and bring highland barley. This kind of highland barley can only be eaten one grain at a time. If you use less, just count one grain at a time, and try to save a day or two. Biting highland barley is not good, it is still difficult to digest. The dry food prepared by ordinary soldiers was finished in two or three days. At this time, the grass is only half, and some are even less than half. What if there is still such a long journey? Eat wild vegetables, grass roots and bark to satisfy hunger. Some wild vegetables and weeds are poisonous. If you eat lightly, you will vomit and diarrhea, and if you are poisoned, you will die. Learn to distinguish between what can be eaten and what can't be eaten.

The troops in front still have wild vegetables and bark to feed their hunger, and the follow-up troops can't even eat wild vegetables and bark, which is even more bitter. There were no edible wild vegetables, so I took off my belt, leather shoes and even fur vest, and a saddle and cooked it. Some soldiers are really hungry and have no food, so they pick undigested highland barley from other people's excrement or their own excrement, wash it and cook it in a teapot. Eating is like this, so is drinking. Some soldiers drank human urine and horse urine.

The comrades in the ABA Party History Research Office said that this was not a fabrication, and so did the old Red Army they visited. This is unthinkable today anyway. The comrades in the Party History Research Office of Aba went on to say: If you have nothing to eat, you have to slaughter mounts and yaks and mules. The third army led by Peng was behind the house and prepared a small amount of dry food. Edible wild vegetables and the like were eaten up by the troops in front. The army was about to stop cooking, so he had to call the breeder and ask, "How many animals are there?" The old breeder replied, "There are six horses, including the black mule of the head of the army." Peng Dui ordered: "Kill them all." The old breeder is determined not to kill the big black mule. Peng said, "I also loathe to give up. Now I don't even eat wild vegetables. Only by killing animals can I leave the grass. As long as people are there, animals and enemies will be sent. " In this way, when the animals were killed, there was only a little chop suey left in their corps headquarters, and all the meat was distributed to the company. It is this kind of meat that has saved many Red Army soldiers. Hunger and disease threaten everyone's life. Many comrades did not fall on the battlefield, but silently died in the grass. There are more and more deaths, and people behind can accurately find the marching route along the endless stream of corpses without a guide.

Third, it is difficult to keep out the cold. Grassland weather changes three times a day, with great temperature difference. In the morning, the sun came out late and it was very cold; At noon, Wan Li is clear and the sun is like fire; In the afternoon, there are often sudden dark clouds, lightning and thunder, heavy rain and hail, or fog and rain; At night, the temperature drops to about zero degrees Celsius, which makes people tremble. Before the Red Army soldiers crossed the grass, most of them were weak, so how can tens of thousands of people wear cotton-padded clothes and leather clothes! In order to keep out the cold, people wear a variety of clothes: some wear thick clothes, and more wear single or double clothes; Some are wrapped in blankets, and more are covered with various animal skins; Some wear straw hats and some wear tarpaulin umbrellas; Some people wear leather shoes or boots, and many people still wear sandals, even barefoot. It's so cold that some people just drink some wine or bite some pepper to drive away the cold. But we didn't bring enough wine and pepper, and it was gone after two or three days. Marching in the swamp grass like this can really be described as "cold and hungry, as cold as ice".

The comrades in Aba said: The old Red Army they visited said that their feet were wet and their clothes were wet during those days in the grassland. When they arrived at the camp, the ground was wet and the firewood was wet. They have done little to freeze people to death. Hunger, cold, fatigue and disease have claimed the precious lives of many comrades. Nie Shuai wrote in his memoirs: In those days when I crossed the grassland, the weather was windy and rainy, my body was dry and wet, my stomach was full and hungry, and I walked deeply and shallowly. Soft stack, water stains, most people survived, but many people fell down.

Camping is still difficult. The grass is full of mud and water, so it's usually difficult to stay at night. When marching at night, we often find a mound, a river, a highland and a dry place to camp. If you can't find a drier place, you will have to sleep in the grass. How to sleep outside? Or lie down on the spot, or sit and take a nap, or sleep back to back for a while. Lesbians often snuggle together, which is warmer. It is a good condition to use a tarpaulin made of branches to shelter from the wind and rain. Sometimes it rains and winds at night, and the tarpaulin set up with branches can neither shelter from the rain nor keep out the cold, so it will spend the night under the wind and rain. Sleeping in the grass is also worried that you will fall or roll into deep mud and die after falling asleep. So sometimes several people take turns "on duty" to avoid misfortune.

However, the night is too cold. When I got up early the next morning, I often saw some soldiers sleeping on the grass, even comrades who had a back-to-back rest with themselves. There is a class in the Red 1 Legion, which is a neat group of two people, back to back, holding guns in their arms, and never waking up like sleeping. The Red Army has a reception team. Crossing the grass, people fall behind every day. Hunger and cold, coupled with lack of medical care and medicine, there are more and more wounded and sick people. At that time, there were neither hospitals nor so many stretchers, and it was entirely up to each patient to follow the troops with crutches. There are three or four hundred people staying behind every day, most of whom can keep up with the team, but many comrades can't.

Later, the first shot to resist US aggression and aid Korea started. Deng Yue, the division commander of the 40th Army of the Volunteers 1 18, is a Hong Haier, in a daze. He dragged Chen Geng, head of the cadre regiment, out of the grass. When sleeping out at night, the left-behind comrades rest back to back in groups of three or five. The next day, when the comrades of the shelter team went to call them, they pushed and shoved, and their bodies were completely cold and stiff. They left this world in this "sleeping position". Especially in the last two days after walking out of the grass, there were piles of people sleeping quietly on the grass like this, as many as dozens.

In such an extremely harsh environment, the officers and men of the Red Army, with the revolutionary ideal of * * *, maintained strict fine discipline and optimistic revolutionary spirit, carried forward touching class friendship, did not collapse, did not disperse, shared joys and sorrows, overcame the difficulties of nature with great spiritual strength, and finally made a way out under the threat of death. Later, General Xiao Hua wrote in Song of the Long March that clothes soaked in wind and rain have harder bones and wild vegetables have stronger determination to satisfy hunger. The officers and men share weal and woe, and the revolutionary ideal is higher than the sky. This is the true portrayal of that year.

The Red 1 Legion is a left-wing avant-garde. On the day before he left the grass, he sent a telegram to Peng, who was working as a defender in the Red 3 Army. On the one hand, he told them the situation and matters needing attention along the way, on the other hand, he asked them to help bury their comrades who died in front. Later, Zhou Enlai, who was working with the 3rd Army Corps, called back and said: According to the statistics that the 3rd Army Corps accommodated and buried the bodies of martyrs along the way, more than 400 people in 1 Army Corps stayed behind and died.

Perhaps it was the commander-in-chief of the former enemy who led the right army across the grass. In his memoirs, he said: on the one hand, the troops have been trekking for a long time, and their physical strength is too great, so they can't help but toss about the harsh environment, especially when crossing the grassland. But on the one hand, there is no exact figure on how many comrades the army has sacrificed. The Red Fourth Front Army crossed the grassland three times, and this extremely harsh natural environment also caused a large number of layoffs. The Party History Research Office of Aba Prefecture once provided a data: during the three main forces of the Red Army crossing the snowy mountain grassland several times in two years, the number of non-combatants was more than 1 10,000. Zhang Wentian's wife, Liu Ying, said in her memoirs: The Red Army sacrificed the most when crossing the grass, and these seven days and seven nights were the most difficult days in the Long March. After walking out of the grass, "I feel that I have returned to the world from the dead world."

It took five days for the Red Army to cross the grassland on the right (August 21-August 26). Zuo Jun is also about 6 days.

On August 2 1 day, the red army's right army began to enter the grassland. It is very difficult to March on the grassland, the plateau is short of oxygen, the weather is changeable, and the snow is mixed. Mud, cold and hunger claimed the lives of many revolutionary soldiers, which is unprecedented. I remember that on the first day, the Political Department of the 3rd Legion set out from Mulgay and walked more than 60 miles. When it was getting dark, we came to an unknown grassland to camp. There is no house here, only some low trees, such as Yuan, Xiang Zhonghua and me, broke some twigs to build a shed, and several of us huddled together for the night. It rained all night, and the shed couldn't stop the rain. A few of us were drenched in rain, so we couldn't sleep. We had to huddle together back to back, telling stories, telling jokes, solve riddles on the lanterns or singing, and finally stayed up until dawn. The next day, I completely entered the grass, and the bushes were out of sight. At first, you could see the sun, but after a while, the wind blew hard and suddenly it began to snow. On the third day, I crossed the Qiu Ge River, which is less than 20 meters wide, but the water is waist-deep, the water is very fast, and the water is as cold as ice. When I am involved, I need several people to help each other, otherwise I will be washed away by the rapids. Many soldiers fell down when crossing the river because of weakness, lack of oxygen and cold. On the fourth day, I walked in the swamp. Not only was the weather changeable, but the ground was completely covered with aquatic plants. You should choose to walk on the haystack, and if you are not careful, you will fall into the swamp pit and sink deeper and deeper. Some comrades will never get out like this, and many mules and horses can't get out because they are stuck in the swamp. On the fifth day, August 26th, I finally walked out of the grassland and went to Banyou, Brazil and Assi.