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Eighteen idioms and stories

1, Heaven rewards diligence No one can succeed only by talent. God gave talent, and diligence turned talent into genius. Zeng Guofan is one of the most influential figures in the history of China, but his talent was not high when he was a child. One day, he was studying at home, and he repeated an article many times, still reading aloud, because he hadn't memorized it yet. At this time, a thief came to his house and lurked under his roof, hoping to wait. Then recite the article and leave! The thief is very clever, at least smarter than Mr. Zeng, but he can only be a thief, and Mr. Zeng has become the person admired by President Mao Zedong: "the most rich man in modern times." "Diligence is a good training, no pains, no gains." The thief has a good memory. He was brave enough to recite the article after listening to it several times. He can jump out to "rage" when others are not sleeping and teach Ceng Laoshi a lesson. He was unknown, and Mr. Zeng later used a lot of talents. It is said that the thief is very familiar with Mr. Zeng, and he can use one or two things. Unfortunately, his talent was not accompanied by diligence, and he became ignorant. The idiom "Heaven rewards diligence" means that God cares for diligent people, and their efforts will surely be rewarded. It also shows that opportunities and inspirations often only patronize prepared minds and only favor diligent people. One-point harvest refers to the praise of more works at home and abroad. Source: "Heaven" in The Analects of Confucius means reward and generous return, and "diligence" means diligence and dedication, which means "Heaven rewards diligence". 2. Ji An from the Western Han Dynasty is honest, fair and diligent. Emphasize the actual effect. Although it is not so vigorous on the surface, it can manage a county in an orderly way. Therefore, the court transferred him from the East China Sea Prefecture to the court as a Lord and a captain, an official position in charge of the appointment and removal of local officials. On one occasion, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty said that he would implement the Confucian policy of benevolence and righteousness and do good deeds for the people. Before the emperor finished speaking, Ji An said, "Your Majesty is really insatiable, insatiable in his bones, but on the surface he has to pretend." In a word, the emperor held back. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty cried, his face changed greatly, and he declared a military strike. All the civil servants in the Qing Dynasty were holding sticks for Ji An, fearing that he would bring disaster. When Emperor Wu returned to the palace, he told people around him that Ji An was too thick and straight. Since then, Ji An's official position has never been promoted. When he was a captain, Gong and Zhang Tang were small officials. Later, they. Zhang Tang became a physician, but Ji An stayed where he was. One day, Ji An said to Emperor Wu that your majesty's use of ministers is like chopping wood, and it is "the latecomers come from the top"! Of course, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty heard that this was a complaint, so he turned to his men and said, "People really need to study! You listen to Ji An, more and more outrageous! " This idiom comes from Biography of Historical Records and Zheng Ji. This idiom often means that the latecomers can surpass the former, which is quite different from Ji An's original intention. Step 3 swallow dates. Once upon a time, there was a wise man who heard that eating pears was good for teeth and bad for spleen, but eating dates was just the opposite. He thought for a long time and finally came up with a way to kill two birds with one stone. People laughed at him for swallowing dates. 4. Get twice the result with half the effort. During the Warring States Period, Mencius asked Sun Chou what he thought of unifying China. He said that Zhou Wenwang's benevolent policies made the country rich and powerful, and finally eliminated the fatuous and cruel Shang Zhouwang. At present, there are 10,000 chariots in the State of Qi, so long as benevolent policies are implemented, they can live and work in peace and contentment, and outsiders will yield to them and only do half the work. Sun Quan encouraged him to study history books and the art of war. Lumeng always said that the army had too much time to study. Sun Quan cited examples of himself and his predecessors, such as "I can't let go of Wudang military affairs, and Meng De is also called old and eager to learn." Lv Meng was deeply moved. He tried to learn from it, and his knowledge improved rapidly. 6. During the Warring States Period, there was a minister in the State of Chu named Zhuang Xin. One day, he said to King Xiang of Chu: When you went out, Yan Lingjun and Shou Jing Jun followed you all the time. You and these four people are very particular about luxury and debauchery. Regardless of state affairs, Ying (the capital of Chu, in the north of jiangling county, Hubei Province) is bound to be in danger! King Xiang was very unhappy. He scolded angrily, "Are you crazy? Deliberately saying these insidious words to confuse people? " ZhuangXin unhurriedly replied, "I really think things must have come to this, and I dare not deliberately say that Chu has any misfortune. If you always trust this man, Chu will surely perish. Since you don't believe me, please allow me to hide in Zhao and see what will happen. "Zhuang Xin lived in Zhao for five months, and Qin really invaded Chu and was forced to exile Yangcheng (now northwest of Xixian County, Henan Province). Zhuang Xin said sincerely: "I've heard that it's not too late to think of hounds when I see rabbit teeth;" "It's never too late to mend ..." This is a very meaningful story. It only knows pleasure and doesn't know how to do things, and the result is bound to be a tragic failure. There is no doubt that the idiom "better late than never" comes from the above two sentences, which means that if they make mistakes in handling things, it is not too late to save them. For example, an entrepreneur has misjudged the development of things. 7. Self-defeating In the Northern Song Dynasty, there was a painter named Sun Zhiwei. He is good at figure painting. On one occasion, entrusted by Shouning Temple in Chengdu, he painted a portrait of a nine-Yao star. He carefully hooked the picture with a pen, and the figures were lifelike and the clothes were fluttering, leaving only the last coloring process. Just then, a friend invited him to drink. He put down his pen and looked at the picture carefully. Only the color is left, so be careful not to paint the wrong color. I went to a friend's house on business. I hope you can draw well when you come back. "After Sun Zhiwei left, the disciples gathered around the painting, repeatedly watched the teacher's brushwork and overall composition, and communicated with each other. Someone said, "You see how lifelike the water heating star looks, with a long beard and no anger." Others said. One of his disciples, Tong Renyi, likes to show off his cleverness and grandstanding. He was the only one who pretended not to say anything. Someone asked him, "Why don't you talk? Is there anything wrong with this painting? " Tong Renyi pretended to be profound and said, "The teenagers around the plumbing star are very expressive, but the crystal bottle in his hand seems to be missing something. The disciples said, I didn't find anything missing. " Tong Renyi said, "Every time the teacher draws a bottle, he always draws a flower in it, but not this time. Maybe he is in a hurry to go out and can't draw well. Come and paint after painting. " Tong Renyi said that he drew a gorgeous red lotus flower on the bottle mouth with his heart. Sun Zhiwei came back from a friend's house and found a lotus flower in the bottle in the boy's hand. He said with anger and laughter, "Who did this stupid thing? If you just gild the lily, it's just self-defeating. The bottle in the boy's hand is a demon bottle used by the water heating star to subdue the water monster. You added lotus flowers to it and turned Aquarius into an ordinary vase. "Tear the picture to pieces. The disciples looked at Tong Renyi and bowed their heads silently. 8. Giving charcoal in the snow During the Southern Song Dynasty, the famous poet Fan Chengda wrote many well-known poems all his life, which were deeply loved by people. In his later years, he retired to his hometown of Shihu, calling himself a Shihu layman. His works were compiled into the poem "Shi Hu Lay Man", including a poem "Sending Charcoal in the Snow to Hide Mustard": "Not in the Snow. "There was a man named Chunyu Zun who lived in Guangling. There is a big pagoda tree with deep roots and luxuriant leaves in his yard. On midsummer night, there are few stars in the moon, and the shadow of mother-in-law is blowing gently. This is a good place to enjoy the cool. On Chunyu Zun's birthday, relatives and friends came to celebrate his birthday, and he was happy for a while. He had a few more drinks. In the evening, his relatives and friends were scattered, and he was a little drunk. He signed up for school, and after three games, his poems were very fluent. He was the first in high school when he announced the list. Then, in the court exam, the emperor was born with good looks, personally named himself the champion and betrothed the princess to him. The champion became husband and wife and became a beautiful talk in Beijing for a while. The relationship between husband and wife is very happy after marriage. Chunyu Zun is married. The county magistrate of the subordinate county did not dare to mess around and was highly praised by the local people. The emperor tried several times to transfer Chun Yuzun back to Beijing for a promotion. When the local people heard that the prefect of Chunyu had left, they stopped the horse's head and tried to keep him. Chun Yuzun was moved by the love of the people and had to stay to explain the situation to the emperor. The emperor appreciated Chun Yuzun's achievements and gave him a lot of gold, silver and jewels. One year, enemy soldiers invaded the Great Huai 'an State. On several occasions, they were beaten to pieces by enemy soldiers. The news of the defeat reached the capital, and the emperor was shocked, so he quickly called civil and military officials to discuss countermeasures. Ministers were pale with fear when they heard that the front-line troops had been repeatedly defeated and the enemy soldiers were approaching the capital with great ferocity. You look at me, I look at you, and you are at a loss. When the emperor saw the minister's appearance, he said angrily, "You are pampered in Pingtian and enjoy all the splendor. If something happens in the DPRK." The Prime Minister immediately recommended Chunyu Zun to the Emperor. The emperor immediately ordered Chun Yuzun to command the elite of the whole country to resist the enemy. After receiving the imperial edict, Chunyu Zun dared not delay and immediately went out in unison. Poor man, who knew nothing about the art of war, was defeated as soon as he came into contact with enemy soldiers. His soldiers and horses were killed and scattered everywhere, and Chun Yu Zun was almost captured. The emperor was furious, dismissed Chunyu Zun and sent him home. But when he saw the branches on the moon, the stars were shining. Then he realized that the so-called Nanhe County was just the southernmost trunk of Sophora japonica. 10, Li Ling, a famous soldier in the reign of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, was very trusted by Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. He was appointed as the riding captain and led the army to resist the invasion of Xiongnu. Li Ling was good at riding and shooting and understood the art of war, and was trusted by the imperial court at that time. But he surrendered to the Huns. When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty heard that Li Ling had surrendered, he was very angry and thought that Li Ling had betrayed his trust. The DPRK minister also accused Li Ling of being spineless. Only a surname made Sima Qian think differently. He said: "I have never had any friendship with Li Ling, but I have seen that he is very loyal, filial to his parents and friendly to soldiers. He often tries his best to save the country's disasters, so I think Li Ling is leading the way this time. "Against tens of thousands of enemy soldiers, it is understandable that he was forced to surrender because of heavy casualties, running out of ammunition and being cut off from the back road. Moreover, I also think that he surrendered this time not because he was greedy for life, but because he wanted to wait for a favorable opportunity before serving the country. " What Sima Qian said is reasonable, but Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty thought that he was defending Li Ling, regardless of right and wrong, put him in prison, executed Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty for "corruption" and killed Li Ling's family. Li Ling was very sad when she learned that, so she got married and became a family in Xiongnu until her death, and she failed to realize her desire to die for her country. Idiom explanation: The idiom "desperate" means to go forward regardless of personal safety. Origin of Idiom: This idiom comes from the biography of Sima Qian in Han Dynasty, but he is regarded as a strange man and filial piety. Always desperate, in order to generalize, to the national emergency. 1 1, Sun Shan's reputation has declined. In the Song Dynasty, there was a gifted scholar named Sun Shan. He was not only humorous, but also good at telling jokes. People nearby called him a "funny gifted scholar". Once, he and the son of a fellow villager went to Beijing to take a juren exam. However, Nengren was on the list, but the son of the fellow villager who went with him didn't get in. Soon after, Sun Shanxian returned home, and his fellow villagers came to ask if his son had been admitted. Sun Shan was embarrassed to say it directly, and it was inconvenient to hide it. He casually read two poems that were not poetic: "Xie Yuan is everywhere in Sun Shan, and Xianlang is even outside Sun Mountain." Xie Yuan is the first in China's imperial examination system. Generally speaking, it refers to those who generally pass the exam. The overall meaning of his poem is: "The last name on the list of people is Sun Shan, but your son's name is still behind my Sun Shan." From then on, according to this story, people decided not to enter this school or take various exams. This is the so-called "falling out of Sun Shan" 5438+02, an awesome minister of the Yuan Dynasty after his death, who was very clever in handling official business. It happened that the imperial examination was held in the provincial capital. He witnessed the exam, and spent a lot of money from the government to the candidates, which inevitably led to graft. He secretly made up his mind that when he mastered the power, he would urge the court to abolish this system. Later, he was promoted to vice premier, and he told Yuan Shundi to abolish the imperial examination system. The imperial examination system in China has been implemented for more than 700 years since the Sui and Tang Dynasties. It is a very important thing to abolish it, which has aroused great repercussions in North Korea. Bo Yan, a master, expressed his support, but he opposed a lot. An imperial envoy resolutely opposed the abolition of the imperial examination system. He asked Shun Di to cure Cherie's crime of bacterial adhesion. Unexpectedly, Shun Di was very fatuous, but he was in favor of abolishing the imperial examination system. So, instead of supporting the imperial envoys, he was exiled to other places to be an official. Soon, he ordered people to draft letters and abolish the imperial examination system. Prepare for release. Before the book was published, Xu, a politician with a slightly lower status than Pingzhang, stood up and opposed the abolition of the imperial examination system. He said to Bo Yan: "If the imperial examination system is abolished, talented people all over the world will resent it." Bo Yan said in a tit-for-tat manner: "If we continue to implement the imperial examination system, there will be more people in the world who take bribes and bend the law." Xu retorted, "If the imperial examination system is not implemented, neither will those who take bribes and bend the law. Bo Yan sarcastically said, "I think there are too few useful materials among those who win the election. Only you can be appointed as a politician! " Xu was unconvinced, and cited many senior officials elected at that time to refute Bo Yibo's position. Bo Yan won't change his point of view, so the two men argued fiercely. The next day, Manchu was called to Chongtianmen to read the imperial examination system, and Xu was insulted and informed the class leader to read it. It seems that the emperor deliberately wanted this opponent to understand the imperial edict. Xu Wang You was reluctant, but he was afraid of offending the emperor. I had to kneel before the officials to listen to the imperial edict. After hearing the imperial edict, the officials returned to the office, bowed their heads and left unhappily. A suggestion named Pu Hua came to him, put his ears together and sarcastically said, "If you participate in politics, you will burn your bridges. This means that you participate in politics by being an official in the imperial examination. Now read the imperial edict about abolishing the imperial examination system, and you kneel on it. Hearing this, Xu felt ashamed and hated, just like kicking down the ladder, and walked quickly. After that, he never went to court on the pretext that he was ill. 13, the old horse knows the way. In 663 BC, at the request of Yan State, Qi Huangong sent troops to attack Shanrong, which invaded Yan State. The Prime Minister Guan Zhong and his doctor Peng Ji accompanied him. The Qi army went out in the spring and returned home in triumph. Although many scouts were sent to explore the road, they still couldn't figure out where to get out of the valley. After a long time, it is difficult for the army to supply. The situation is very critical. If we can't find a way out, the army will be trapped here. Guan Zhong thought for a long time and had an idea: since dogs can find their way home far from home, horses in the army, especially old horses, will also have the ability to find their way. So he said to Qi Huangong, "Your Majesty, I think the old horse has the ability to know the way. "You can use it to lead the way and lead the army out of the valley." Qi Huangong agreed to give it a try. Guan Zhong immediately selected several old horses, untied the reins and let them walk freely in front of the army. Strangely enough, these old horses did not hesitate to move in one direction. The army ran around with them, and finally got out of the valley and found the way back to Qi. This idiom comes from Guan Zhong, "Everything is wrong. Talking about the forest "lost, lost direction." Guan Zhong said, "You can use the wisdom of an old horse." It was the release of an old horse that led to the realization of Tao. This idiom means "method". The old horse knows the way. An experienced person is familiar with the situation and can play a guiding role in some way. When he could do nothing, Ban Chao was sent by Ming Di, led by dozens of people to the Western Regions, and repeatedly made outstanding achievements. However, so he wrote a letter asking his son to take him to the Han Dynasty and the Emperor Liu Zhao to bring him back. There is no response to this letter. His sister Ban Zhao wrote another letter to the emperor, stating his brother's meaning. There are some words in the letter: "Ban Chao, the oldest person who went to the Western Regions with him, is now in his sixties. His hair is gray, his hands are paralyzed, his ears are not working, his eyes are not bright, and he can only rely on crutches." I can't follow my inner wishes. In this way, it will damage the long-term stability of the country and undermine the hard-won achievements of loyal ministers. How sad! Liu Zhao, the emperor of the Han Dynasty, was deeply moved and immediately ordered Ban Chao to return to the Han Dynasty. Ban Chao died less than a month after he returned to Luoyang at the age of 7 1. Origin of Idiom: If there is a sudden death in the biography of Ban Chao in the later Han Dynasty, you can't understand it from the heart. Idiom definition: metaphor is not strong enough to realize one's wishes. 56438+05. Mencius told him that human nature is good, encouraged him to govern the world by Yao and Shun, and asked him to learn from each other's strong points, give play to regional advantages, govern the world by benevolent government, and make Tengguo a powerful country. Teng Wengong listened to Mencius, without hesitation, just smiled.