Explain the meaning of the following idiom and its story background.

1. Mutual affection: explanation: wet; Foam: Spit. When the spring is dry, the fish's saliva moistens each other. Metaphor is to help each other with meager strength in difficult situations.

The source of Zhuangzi Grand Master: "When the spring dries up, the fish phase is on the land, and it is better to forget each other in the rivers and lakes."

Story During the Warring States Period, Zhuangzi's poor family often ate the last meal without the next meal. His wife told him to go out to borrow food, and he went to the supervisor Hou to borrow food. Hou Jianhe promised to borrow it after the autumn, but Zhuangzi said it was a long way to go home. His wife asked him to borrow it from another place. He said that he would live like a crucian carp in a rut, so his wife had to secretly shed tears, so it was better to forget it and turn it into something else. "

2. It is effective to learn from others: effect: imitation; Chin: Tongqing, frown. Metaphor is random imitation, and the effect is extremely bad.

in Zhuang Zhou's Zhuangzi Tian Yun, "Therefore, Xi Shi is sick of his heart, and the ugly people in it are beautiful when they see it, and they are also happy when they hold their hearts. When the rich see it, they will stay behind closed doors; Poor people see it, slap their wives and leave. He knows how beautiful it is but he doesn't know why it is beautiful. "

Allusion

Zhuangzi Tianyun: "Therefore, Xi Shi is sick of his heart and indulges in it. The ugly people in it are beautiful when they see it, and they are also fascinated by it. When the rich see it, they will stay behind closed doors; When the poor see it, they leave with their wives. " Cheng Xuanying Shu: "Xi Shi, the more beautiful she is, is extremely beautiful. It's both painful and painful. And the correct person, the body should be more convenient, because it is more beneficial to its beauty. It is seen from the inside, and it is more important. The ugly people in the neighborhood learn from it, and they are not sick and strong, which doubles their ugliness. " Later, because of mocking people who blindly imitate regardless of their own conditions, the effect is very bad. Also to imitate the modesty of others. Frown, with "Pian", frown.

Translation

In the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a beautiful woman named Xi Shi in Vietnam. No matter how she gestures, looks and smiles, everything is lovable. Xi Shi wears light makeup and simple clothes. Wherever she goes, there are many people who "stare at her", and no one can help but marvel at her beauty.

Xi Shi suffers from heartburn. One day, her illness broke out again, and she put her hand over her chest and wrinkled her eyebrows, revealing a charming and feminine beauty. When she walked through the countryside, all the villagers stared with wide eyes.

There is an ugly girl named Dong Shi in the countryside. She looks ordinary and has no culture. She usually moves rudely and speaks loudly, but she dreams of being a beautiful woman all day long. Wearing such clothes today and combing her hair like that tomorrow, but no one still says she is beautiful.

On this day, she saw that Xi Shi had won the favor of so many people by covering her chest and frowning. Therefore, when she went back, she followed the example of Xi Shi, covering her chest and frowning, and walked around the village. I didn't know that the ugly girl's affectation made her look even uglier. As a result, the rich in the countryside saw the ugly woman's strange appearance and immediately closed the door tightly; When the poor people in the countryside saw the ugly girl coming, they immediately took their wives and children away from each other. People saw this grotesque ugly woman who imitated Xi Shi's heart ache and walked around the village. It was like seeing a god of plague.

This ugly woman only knows that Xi Shi's frown is beautiful, but she doesn't know why she is beautiful. She simply imitates her appearance, only to be laughed at. Everyone should develop their strengths and avoid weaknesses according to their own characteristics, and it is foolish to look for an image that suits them and blindly imitate others.

Implication

Metaphor means not knowing people's real strengths, but copying them mechanically, which backfires. It also refers to the stupidity of mechanical imitators.

3. Frog at the bottom of the well: Frog at the bottom of the well can only see a day as big as the wellhead. Metaphor is a narrow-minded person.

allusion

There was a frog who lived in a dry well for many years. It is very satisfied with the small world in which it lives, and it will brag about it in public whenever it has the chance. One day, he was full of food and was sitting on the well field. Suddenly he saw a sea turtle walking not far away. Frog quickly tore open his voice and shouted, "Hey, brother turtle, please come here, please come here quickly!" " The turtle climbed to the side of the dry well. The frog immediately opened the chatterbox: "You are lucky today. I'll let you open your eyes and visit my room.". It's a paradise. You have probably never seen such a spacious residence? " The turtle probe looked into the well and saw a pool of muddy water covered with green moss at the shallow bottom of the well, and smelled a pungent smell. Sea turtle frowned and quickly retracted his head. The frog didn't pay attention to the turtle's expression at all, and continued to brag with a big belly: "I am very comfortable living here!" In the evening, you can jump on the well field to enjoy the cool; You can sleep in the hole in the borehole wall at night; Soak in the water, let the water soak your armpits, hold your cheeks, and you can swim; Jump into the mud, let the mud cover the instep, bury the four feet, and roll. Those headworms, crabs, tadpoles and so on, which one can compare with me! " The frog spat all over the place, and the more he said it, the more proud he became: "Look, this pit of water and this well belong to me alone, and I can do whatever I like." This kind of fun can be counted to the top. Brother turtle, don't you want to go in for sightseeing? " The sea turtle felt the kindness with insistent kindness, so he climbed to the wellhead, but before his left leg could be fully inserted, his right knee was stuck by well field. The turtle retreated slowly and asked the frog, "Have you ever heard of the sea?" Frogs wag their heads. The turtle said, "The sea is boundless and boundless. A thousand miles can't describe its vastness, and a thousand miles can't show its depth. Legend has it that more than 4, years ago, when Dayu was a monarch, the sea did not deepen after ten years of nine floods; More than 3, years ago, during the reign of Shang Tang, there were seven droughts in eight years, and the sea water did not decrease. The sea is so big that the length of time and the changes of drought and flood can't make its water volume change obviously. Brother Frog, I live in the sea. You see, compared with your dry well and shallow water, which world is more open and which is more fun? " The frog listened stupidly, bulging his eyes and keeping his mouth shut for a long time.

Tip

The world is infinitely vast and knowledge is endless. If you regard a corner you see as the whole world and a little knowledge you know as the sum of human culture, you will become an ignorant, arrogant and complacent role like a frog in a dry well. The idiom "frog in the well" summarized from this fable is often used to satirize those who are short-sighted and blindly complacent.

4. Make people laugh generously: make people laugh: leave behind; Make people laugh: make people laugh; Generosity: originally refers to people who know the avenue, and later refers to people who are knowledgeable or have expertise. To make an insider laugh.

The source of Zhuangzi Qiushui: "Today, I see that my son is difficult to be poor, and I am in danger unless I go to the door of my son. My parents laugh at the generous family."

Allusions

In autumn, mountain torrents come in season, and many rivers flow into the Yellow River. The river is wide and rough, and even cattle and horses can't be distinguished between the banks and the sandbars in the water. So the river god was pleased with himself and thought that all the beautiful things in the world were gathered here. The river god went east along the current and came to the North Sea. Looking east, he couldn't see the end of the sea. So he just changed his complacent face and looked up at Poseidon and lamented, "As the saying goes,' After hearing hundreds of truths, you think that no one in the world can match you', and that's me. Moreover, I have heard the words that Kong Qiu knows too little and Boyi's lofty righteousness is not worth paying attention to. At first, I couldn't believe it. Now I have seen with my own eyes that you are so vast and boundless. If I hadn't come to your door, I would have been in danger, and I would have laughed generously. "

5. Missed arms: crossed arms: arms. Fingers pass by. Describe missing an opportunity face to face.

The source of Zhuangzi Tian Zifang: "I have been with you all my life, but I missed it. Can't I mourn?"

6. Looking at the ocean and sighing: It originally means sighing your smallness in front of great things. Nowadays, it is more like feeling helpless because of incompetence or lack of conditions when doing things.

Source

Zhuangzi Qiushui: "At first, I look at the ocean and sigh." According to legend, a long time ago, there was a river god in the Yellow River. People called him Hebo. Hebo stood on the bank of the Yellow River. Looking at the rolling waves coming from the west and rushing eastward, I said excitedly; "The Yellow River is so big, no river in the world can compare with it. I am the biggest water god! "

someone told him, "What you said is not true. There is a place called Beihai in the east of the Yellow River, which is really big."

Hebo said, "I don't believe it. No matter how big the North Sea is, can it be bigger than the Yellow River?"

The man said, "Don't mention a Yellow River. Even if the water from several Yellow Rivers flows into the North Sea, it can't be filled with it."

Hebo stubbornly said, "I have never seen the North Sea. I don't believe it."

The man was helpless and told him, "If you have a chance to see Beihai, you will understand what I said."

It's autumn, and the torrential rains in recent days have caused rivers, large and small, to flow into the Yellow River. The river surface of the Yellow River is wider, and when you look across the river, you can't tell the difference between cattle and horses on the other side. From this, Hebo was even more proud, thinking that all the most spectacular scenery in the world was in his own place. While enjoying himself, he remembered the North Sea that someone told him about, so he decided to go there and have a look.

Hebo came downstream to the mouth of the Yellow River, and suddenly his eyes lit up. The sea god Beihai Ruo was welcoming him with a big smile. When Hebo looked around, he saw the Wang Yang in Beihai, which was boundless. He looked at it for a while and said to Beihai Ruo with deep feelings, "As the saying goes, if you only know some truth, you think that no one can compare with yourself. That's me." Today, if I hadn't seen the vast North Sea with my own eyes, I would have thought that the Yellow River was unparalleled in the world! In that case, won't the knowledgeable people laugh at the Lord forever. "

the story is in Zhuangzi Qiu Shui. The idiom "Looking at the ocean and sighing" means that you feel helpless when you are not strong enough to do something.

7. The mantis uses its arm as a car: The mantis raises its front leg to block the car. Metaphor is overreaching or resisting irresistible force will inevitably lead to failure.

allusions

In the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a sage named Yan He (hé) in the State of Lu, who was invited by the Duke Ling of Wei to be the teacher of his prince Kuai (ku m 4 i gu ì). Yan He heard that Kuai Ao was a fierce man. After he arrived in the country of Wei, he went to visit the sage of Wei Guo, Mi (qú) Bo Yu, and asked how to teach Kuai Ao well. Chi Boyu replied that it is right and beneficial for you to ask about the situation first, but it is difficult to achieve your goal if you want to teach the prince well with your talents. And further said: "You don't know if your husband is a mantis?" Angry at his arm as a rut, I don't know if he is incompetent, which is also the beauty of his talents. Caution, be careful! " It means: Mantis puffed up his arms to block the wheel. It didn't know that it was incompetent, but it really thought that this move was good and beneficial. Yan He! Your heart is good, but you are acting like a gladiator, so you should be on your guard! Be careful!

8. Skillful: swimming: running; Blade: knife edge; Yu: There is room. Metaphor is skilled in work, has practical experience, and has no trouble in solving problems.

Source

Zhuangzi Health Master by Zhuang Zhou in the pre-Qin Dynasty: "There is a gap between those who have a section, but the blade is not thick; With no thickness, there will be room for recovery. "

There was a chef who was very skillful in slaughtering cattle, and Wen Huijun was greatly amazed after reading it. The chef said: "My skill is superb, not only because I am skilled, but because I have mastered the laws and found out the bone structure of cattle. Therefore, although I have used this knife for 19 years and dissected thousands of cows, the blade is still as sharp as newly ground. Because there are gaps between the joints of cattle, and the blade is very thin, it is of course generous and there is room for using a thin blade to decompose the joints with gaps. " See "Zhuangzi. Health Master". This idiom is used here to mean that with a good craftsman, even if a big palace is to be built, a high balcony is easy and effortless.

9, full of ambition: hesitation: the appearance of calm and complacent; Full: satisfied; Chi: Mind. Describe being very satisfied with your achievements.

Source

Zhuang Zhou's "Zhuangzi Health Master": "Stand with a knife, look around for it, and be full of ambition.

Allusions

During the Warring States Period, Liang Huiwang asked the chef who was good at slaughtering cattle why his knife was as good as new after 2 years. The chef said that when he learned to slaughter cattle, he was full of ambition and didn't know how to start. After slowly groping, he gradually learned about the body structure of cattle, knew the specific positions of tendons and muscles, and inserted the knife along the bone seam, with little effort and without wasting the knife.

1, very different: diameter: the road outside the door; Court: the ground in the gate yard; Diameter difference: the metaphor is still far away. Metaphors are far apart or contradictory.

Source

Zhuang Zhou's "Zhuangzi Xiaoyao Tour": "I'm afraid of what I said, and I'm still ignorant. It's a big court. How unkind is it?