How to lay the foundation for self-built houses in rural areas?

Hello! How to lay the foundation for self-built houses in rural areas? That's a great question. In fact, I have shared similar problems before. Share it with you here!

First of all, before answering this question, we should systematically understand what are the common basic forms.

The common foundation types of rural self-built houses are as follows: strip foundation, independent foundation and raft foundation, pile foundation and rubble foundation.

Secondly, it is necessary to understand the geological conditions applicable to various foundation types.

1. Raft foundation: Also called whole house foundation, it is to connect all the independent foundations or strip foundations under the column with connecting beams, and then pour the bottom plate as a whole. It consists of a bottom plate, a cross beam, etc. It is adopted in view of the particularly complicated geological conditions and the particularly high building height, and the rural self-built houses should be used with caution.

2. Independent foundation: The most commonly used foundation forms in self-built houses are often designed into square, cylindrical and polygonal forms.

3. Strip foundation: a common foundation form in the process of self-built houses. It is characterized by the extremely long length of the U-shaped foundation and the narrow width relative to the length. Of course, it is often used with independent foundations.

4. Pile foundation: Pile foundation is an ancient foundation type. Piling technology has experienced thousands of years of development. Both pile foundation materials and pile types, piling machinery and construction methods have made great progress and formed a modern foundation engineering system. In some cases, the use of pile foundation can greatly reduce the workload and material consumption on the construction site. Because the pile foundation needs professional pile pressing equipment, it is suitable for large-scale projects such as bridges and high-rise buildings, but it is not recommended in most rural areas because of the small number of self-built piles and high entry cost.

Finally, after the foundation type is determined, the problems that should be paid attention to in foundation excavation.

Among them, the depth of foundation excavation is the most important factor, which depends on the geological conditions of the soil layer of the homestead and the height of the self-built house, but the principle that "the original soil layer must be dug" must always be respected to meet the bearing capacity of the structure. ("Bearing stratum" refers to the soil layer that directly bears the foundation load, which is called bearing stratum. Generally, the bearing capacity is more than 2500 kn/m2, and in principle, it refers to the land with a value of more than 50%. However, due to the limitation of conditions, there is generally no specific calculation for building houses in rural areas, which can only be judged by observation and experience. During excavation, the surface soil (fill layer) is loose and the bearing layer is dense (generally clay layer). The experienced master is

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