When were potatoes, tomatoes and peppers introduced to China?

Introduction of tomatoes: Tomatoes are also called tomatoes, persimmons and foreign persimmons. The origin center of tomato is the Andes in America, and there are a large number of wild species in Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia and other places, belonging to the genus Panicum in Solanaceae. Tomatoes are divided into two complex groups: common tomatoes and Peruvian tomatoes. Common tomato is a cultivated variety; Peruvian tomato is a wild variety. As early as the end of 15, Indians began to grow tomatoes, and 18 was introduced to Europe, and 18 began to eat tomatoes. According to research, there were tomatoes in China about 2000 years ago, and tomatoes grown in China were introduced from Europe and Southeast Asia. There is a record of "Fan persimmon" in the appendix of the fruit spectrum of Guangfang Qunpu in Qing Dynasty: "The stem is like Artemisia, four or five feet high, the leaves are like Artemisia, the flowers are like pomegranate, and one branch bears five or three or four fruits ... The herbs are also from Xifan, hence the name". Because of its special taste, tomatoes were mostly planted as ornamental plants at that time. By the beginning of the 20th century, they began to be planted and eaten in the suburbs of cities. Tomato cultivation in China developed rapidly in the early 1950s. At present, it has become the main variety of vegetables in megacities. Tomatoes can be eaten not only as vegetables, but also as fresh fruits. The earliest record of tomato can be found in Plant Products written by Zhao Han in Ming Dynasty (16 17). Zhao Han mentioned in his book that tomatoes were brought to China by western missionaries with sunflowers during the Wanli period.

Introduction of potato: The first argument is that potato was introduced to China in16th century, but it became a food crop very late; The second view is that potatoes were introduced to China in the late Ming Dynasty in the17th century. The third view is that the year when potato was introduced into China has not been determined, but it was recorded in the county annals of Songxi County, Fujian Province 1700 years ago. That is to say, potatoes were introduced into China before 1700. According to the fourth opinion, potatoes were introduced to Europe in the16th century, and to China in the17th century. It was first cultivated in North China, Beijing, Tianjin, Shandong and other places, and later extended to Inner Mongolia. The fifth argument is that Sid Perkins, an American scholar, thinks that the time when potatoes were introduced into China was decided by the time when Europeans discovered the islands of America and the Pacific. Potatoes were introduced to China in the17th century, and reached the coast of Fujian via the Philippine Islands, where they were first planted. The sixth opinion is that potato was introduced to China before Xu Guangqi, because' potato' was recorded in the Complete Book of Agricultural Administration written by Xu Guangqi (1562- 1633). The 28th volume of "The Encyclopedia of Agricultural Administration" recorded such a passage: "Yu Tu, a potato, a Huang Du. Leaves are like beans. As white as jade. It can be seen that the introduction of potatoes was undoubtedly before 1633. More precisely, potatoes were introduced into China before 1628, which was widely known and planted, because 1628 was the approximate time for the publication of "The Complete Book of Agricultural Administration".

Introduction to Pepper: Pepper is native to Central and South America and was originally the most important condiment for Indians. /kloc-At the end of 0/6, pepper was introduced to China, and it was called "pepper". The spectrum of grass flowers in the Ming Dynasty recorded an exotic grass flower named "Fanjiao". 159 1 year, pepper has been introduced and cultivated as an ornamental flower in China, but it has not been used in diet. During the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty, peppers were eaten as vegetables by China people. According to reports, the earliest people who ate Chili peppers in China were all in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the so-called "Xiajiang people".