Eternal unsolved case: the mystery of Genghis Khan’s sudden death in Liupan Mountain

In 1226 AD, Genghis Khan personally led an army of 100,000 to attack Xixia. In the first month of 1227 AD, the Mongolian army surrounded Zhongxingfu, the capital of Xixia. In June of the same year, Genghis Khan went to Liupan Mountain to escape the summer heat. A strong earthquake occurred in Zhongxing Mansion, the capital of Xixia. Houses collapsed, the plague spread, and food was gone. The Xixia Kingdom had to surrender to Genghis Khan. However, just after Xixia surrendered, Genghis Khan died suddenly in Liupan Mountain.

According to the "History of the Yuan Dynasty" revised by an edict issued by Emperor Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang of the Ming Dynasty after he proclaimed himself emperor: "On the afternoon of Ren in the seventh month of autumn (1227 AD), Ji Chou collapsed in the palace of Hao Tu in Salichuan. "However, these words seem concise and concise, but in fact they are unclear. Therefore, later generations have not known how Genghis Khan died, so the world has speculated. Regarding the cause of Genghis Khan's death, there are probably five theories in later generations, most of which are related to Xixia. One is the "falling horse theory".

This statement is recorded in "History of the Yuan Dynasty". It is the most orthodox among several statements and is also the one most people know. In the autumn of 1226, Genghis Khan and his wife also went to conquer the Xixia Kingdom. In winter, I hunted in a place called Aerbuhe. The red sand horse, which did not want to be ridden, was frightened by a wild horse, causing the unprepared Genghis Khan to fall from the horse and get injured. He developed a high fever that night. So he asked the accompanying generals what they should do. Some suggested that since the Xixia city was there anyway, they would not be able to escape for a while, so they might as well go back to recuperate and attack again when they were ready. But Genghis Khan was very strong and was afraid of being laughed at by the Xixia people. In addition, a minister of Xixia who called Asha Dabu laughed at him. After hearing this, Genghis Khan became even more unwilling to retreat, so he advanced into Helan Mountain and killed Asha Dabu. But since then, Genghis Khan's injuries have not recovered, but worsened, and he finally died of the illness on the twelfth day of the seventh lunar month in 1227. The second is the "poisoning theory".

This statement comes from "The Travels of Marco Polo". Marco Polo was an Italian businessman in the 13th century. He arrived in China in 1275 and had 17 years of contacts with the Yuan Dynasty. In his travel diary, he recorded this: When Genghis Khan besieged Taijin (Jizhou, an ancient fortress) during his attack on Xixia, his knee was unfortunately hit by a poisonous arrow shot by a Xixia soldier. The result is as you can imagine, the poisonous arrow hits the heart, the injury becomes more serious, and the patient becomes ill. However, there is another theory about "poisoning" among the people: Genghis Khan poisoned the captured Xixia Princess Gulbarzin Guoorhatun to death while sleeping with her. The third is the "assassination theory."

This statement is related to the captured Xixia Princess above. It is said that this princess took advantage of Genghis Khan to relax her vigilance and stabbed him to death while sleeping with her. This statement originated from "The Origin of Mongolia" in the first year of Kangxi's reign in the Qing Dynasty. This book was a gift presented to Emperor Qianlong by Chenggun Zabujin, Prince of the Mongolian Khalkha Tribe. Qianlong ordered it to be translated into Manchu and Chinese, and was titled "The Origin of Drinking Mongolia" and included in the "Sikuquanshu". It should be said that this statement is also highly credible. The fourth is the "genital bitten off theory".

This statement is neither found in official history nor relevant records in unofficial history, but it is spread among Outer Mongolians. This romantic incident is also related to the Princess of Xixia. It is said that although the princess surrendered to Genghis Khan on the surface, she did not forget the hatred of the country and her family and was unwilling to be humiliated. On the night they slept with him, he took advantage of the opportunity of having sex and bit off Genghis Khan's penis. How could a 67-year-old man withstand such torture? He was so ashamed and resentful that he became seriously ill. Because this was an unspeakable scandal that happened to the emperor, it was kept secret. It was only said that the Khan was seriously ill after falling from a horse.

Although this statement is absurd, it still makes sense after careful analysis. If Genghis Khan really died at the hands of the Xixia Princess, then the conditions for assassination and poisoning were not met. He was naked when he slept with him. Where could he hide the murder weapon and poison? Even if there is a murder weapon or poison, a captured person still needs to be searched. In this case, the most deadly violent act of the empty-handed princess is naturally to bite off the man's vital parts.