Brief introduction of Zhuge Liang

When Liu Bei lived in Xinye, he knew that the reason for wasting half his life was that although there were brave generals like Guan Yu and Zhang Fei around him, there were no advisers to advise him, so he was courteous and helpful. On the recommendation of Si Mahui and Xu Shu, Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei came to visit Zhuge Liang in Longzhong, Xiangyang. When I first came to this villa, Liang had already gone out, and the three met Liang's friend Cui on the way back. A few days later, Liu, Guan and Zhang braved the storm to take care of the hut. On the way, I met my good friend and Meng. When I arrived at the thatched cottage and met Liang's brother Zhuge Jun, I realized that Liang had traveled far away, leaving a note to express my admiration. When I came back, I met Liang's father-in-law Huang by the bridge at the foot of Longzhong Mountain. After a while, Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei came to the thatched cottage. It happened that the lights were on at home and they didn't wake up during the day. Liu Bei ordered Guan and Zhang to wait outside the door. They crept and stood at the foot of the steps and handed them to Liu Bei. They didn't meet until they woke up. [Sangutang: Built in the 58th year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (A.D. 17 19), it is the memorial hall of Liu Bei's Mao Lu of Sangutang and Zhuge Liang's Long Zhong Dui. After the battle of Guandu in Longzhong, Liu Bei fled to Jingzhou and defected to Liu Biao. Liu Biao allocated some troops to him to stay in Xinye (now Xinye County, Henan Province). Liu Bei is an ambitious man, because his ambition has not been realized, and his heart is always unhappy. He wants to find a good assistant. He found a famous man named Si Mahui in Xiangyang, so he went to visit him specially. Si Mahui said, "There are Wolong and Feng Chu in this area. If you can invite one of them, you can decide the world. " Si Mahui told Liu Bei: Wolong is Zhuge Liang, and the word is Kongming; Feng Chu's name is Pang Tong. Xu Shu is also a local celebrity, because I heard that Liu Bei was recruiting talents, so I came to see him. Liu Bei was so happy that he left Xu Shu as his counselor. Xu Shu said, "I have an old friend, Zhu Gekongming. People call him Wolong. Does the general want to meet him? " After listening to Xu Shu's introduction, Liu Bei said, "Since you know him so well, please come hard and invite him!" Xu Shu shook his head and said, "This can't be done. People like this must be personally invited by the general to show your sincerity. " Liu Bei successively heard that Si Mahui and Xu Shu attached great importance to Zhuge Liang. Knowing that Zhuge Liang must be a great talent, he took Guan Yu and Zhang Fei to Longzhong to find Zhuge Liang. Zhuge Liang visited the hut and was finally moved by Liu Bei's sincerity and took Liu Bei to his hut. Zhuge Liang saw that Liu Bei was so open-minded and asked for advice, so he had a heart-to-heart talk with Liu Bei. He said: "Now Cao Cao has defeated Yuan Shao, with an army of1100,000, and he is holding the order of the Emperor. We can't compete with him by force alone. Sun Quan has occupied Jiangdong area for three generations. Jiangdong has a dangerous terrain, and now all the people have joined him, and a group of talents are working for him. It seems that we can only unite with him and can't play his mind. " Then, Zhuge Liang analyzed the situation of Jingzhou and Yizhou (now part of Sichuan, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Hubei and Guizhou), and thought that Jingzhou was an important military place, and Liu Biao could not keep this place. Yizhou has a fertile and vast land, which has always been called "the land of abundance", but Liu Zhang, the owner there, is also a weak man, and everyone is dissatisfied with him. Finally, he said, "The general is a descendant of the royal family and is famous all over the world. If we can occupy Jingzhou and Yizhou, unite with Sun Quan and rectify internal affairs, we can March from Jingzhou and Yizhou and attack Cao Cao once we have the opportunity. At that time, who will not welcome the general? In this way, we can achieve great things and restore the Han Dynasty. " After listening to Zhuge Liang's incisive and thorough analysis, Liu Bei's thoughts were suddenly enlightened. He felt that Zhuge Liang's talents were rare, so he earnestly asked Zhuge Liang to come out of the mountain and help him complete the great cause of reviving the Han Dynasty. Zhuge Liang went out to assist Liu Bei. Later, people called it "three visits to the thatched cottage" and called Zhuge Liang's conversation "Longzhong Dui". (Some say it's from Longzhong, Xiangyang, and some say it's from Nanyang. Hard to be sure? Wuzhangyuan Wuzhangyuan is located in Qishan County, Baoji City, 30 kilometers east of Xi/KLOC-0, 56 kilometers west of Baoji and 25 kilometers north of Qishan County. It is more than 20 meters high and covers an area of about 12 square kilometers. Qipanshan is in the south of Zhang Wu, and Weihe River is in the north. The situation is very dangerous. During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liang stationed troops in Wuzhangyuan to crusade against Sima Yi, and later died of overwork, making Wuzhangyuan famous all over the world. It was the last battlefield of Zhuge Liang during the Three Kingdoms period. In 234 AD, Zhuge Liang led his troops from Hanzhong, crossed the Qinling Mountains and entered Wuzhangyuan. I'm new here, and I'm short of food and grass. I'll settle down for training and wait for Wei. Sima Yi, the general of Wei, knew Zhuge Liang's clever plan and stuck to the north bank of Weihe River, not daring to send troops. The two sides fought for a hundred days in Wuzhangyuan. Zhuge Liang had to lure Wei Bing to fight in Hulugou, and set fire to break Taniguchi, in order to defeat Wei Sima Yi by surprise, and Wei Jun survived. In the autumn of the same year, Zhuge Liang died in the army, and the Shu army was defeated. When Sima Yi entered the place where Zhuge Liang commanded the battle, he saw the danger of the position of the Shu army and exclaimed, "The genius of the world is also." Later generations built a temple here in memory of Zhuge Liang. According to local folklore, when Zhuge Liang died, a star fell from the sky, hence the name. In those days, the place where Zhuge Liang cultivated land was called Zhuge Tian. At that time, there was a half-meter-high wall relic, where Zhuge Liang set up a military account to direct operations. It is about 250 meters long from north to south, and Zhuge Liang's chronology is 18 1 year, 1 year. 18 1 On April 14th of the lunar calendar, Zhuge Liang was born in Yang Du, Langya (now yinan county). In the sixth year, 189, at the age of 9, Zhuge Liang's mother Zhang passed away. Chuping 3 years 192 12 years old Zhuge Liang's father died. In the first year of Xingping 194, Zhuge Liang, his brother Zhuge Jun and his sister were adopted by his uncle Zhuge Xuan, and his brother Zhu Gejin went to Jiangdong with his stepmother. Xingping 2 years 195 15 years old Zhuge Liang's uncle Zhuge Xuan was appointed as the satrap, and he and his sister-in-law went with his uncle (now Nanchang). Zhuge Xuan died in the second year of Jian 'an at the age of 197. Zhuge Liang and his younger brother and sister moved to Nanyang. In the fourth year of Jian 'an, 199, 19 years old Zhuge Liang and his friend Xu Shu studied with Mr. Si Mahui, a water mirror. Jian 'an12 In 2007, 27-year-old Liu Bei visited the shanzhai, and Zhuge Liang said to Liu Beichen, "Longzhong is right". Then he went out to assist Liu Bei. Jian 'an13 In 2008, 28-year-old Zhuge Liang sent messengers to persuade Wu Zhu Sun Quan to resist Cao. Jian 'an 14. In 2009, 29-year-old Zhuge Liang served as a corps commander. Jian 'an 16 2 1 1 year 3 1 year Zhuge Liang and Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun were guarding Jingzhou. Jian 'an19214 Zhuge Liang, 34, left Guan Yu to guard Jingzhou, parted ways with Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun, and joined hands with Liu Bei. Liu Bei captured Chengdu, Zhuge Liang served as the chief strategist and left the general office. In 20 years of Jian 'an, 265438+2005, Zhuge Liang, 35, rectified the internal affairs of Bashu. In the 23rd year of Jian 'an, at the age of 2 18, Zhuge Liang, 38, stayed in Bashu to supply Liu Bei who was fighting in Hanzhong. In the first year of Zhangwu in the middle of Shu, 22 1 year-old, 4 1 year-old, Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor, with the title of "Han", which was called Shu in history. Zhuge Liang was appointed Prime Minister. At the age of 43, in 223 of the first year of Shu Jianxing, Liu Bei defeated Baidicheng and left Zhuge Liang alone. After Liu Bei's death, Liu Chan acceded to the throne, and Zhuge Liang was appointed as the marquis of Wuxiang, leading Yizhou as a shepherd. In 224, the 44-year-old Zhuge Liang adjusted the internal affairs of Bashu. In 225, the 45-year-old Zhuge Liang led his army south to conquer barbarians. In 227 AD, 47-year-old Zhuge Liang went to the "model" and stationed in Hanzhong, and went to the Northern Expedition that day. In the sixth year of Jianxing in Shu, 48-year-old Zhuge Liang beheaded Ma Su, and was demoted to General Right as Prime Minister. At the age of 49, in the seventh year of the founding of Shu, Zhuge Liang once again made a northern expedition, seized Wudu and Yin Ping, and resumed his position as prime minister. At the age of 50, Zhuge Liang made another northern expedition in the eighth year of Jianxing in Shu. When Zhuge Liang attacked Qishan in the Northern Expedition in 23 rd year1year 5 1 year, he defeated Wei Jun and killed the famous soldier He at the wooden door. Shu Jianxing 1 1 233, 53-year-old Zhuge Liang collected grain in Gu Jie Jianfu. Shu Jianxing12,234,54-year-old Zhuge Liang went north again and died in Wuzhangyuan. For details, please refer to://view/2347.htm |||| Liu Bing was first used to burn a new field; Want to unite with Wu Dong and fight Confucianism; Seven stars worship the wind and burn Chibi; More than three, after the funeral; When the feather fan swings, it is surprisingly light; Receive and drop Ma Chao, slightly reverse; Convinced that Meng Huo, seven capture seven vertical; Scold Wang Lang to death and write a book; Empty city Sima, winning in danger; Mu Niu grabs food and hides secrets ... However, failure in a new field is barbaric disappointment; Crossing the river with the people, risking defeat; Lack of foresight, humiliation and misuse of Guan Yu; Frivolous arrogance, loss of Pang Tong, less overall planning; Guan Yu was killed, and the persuasion was invalid; The camp burned 700, which was badly hurt and was leaked by the strategist; Ancestors entrusted orphans to assist Yong Chan; Six out of Qishan, the inch of work has not been built; Wei Yan rebelled before the bones were cold ... It's a lifelong regret! ||||||||| Borrowing Dongfeng and Zhou Yu of Sanqi |||||| Zhuge Liang (181.4.14-234.8.28) was an oblique person from Wolong, Han nationality, an outstanding politician, strategist and diplomat in the Three Kingdoms period. Shi Yue is loyal to Wu Hou. Personal data: Appearance: Chen Shou's "The Three Kingdoms": eight feet long (equivalent to the present 180 cm), with extraordinary appearance, different from people at that time. Official position: Prime Minister led a captain, Yizhou Ranch, Shangshu title: Wuxiang Hou Zushang: Zhuge Feng (captain of Han Dynasty) Father: Zhuge Jue (native of Taishan County in the late Eastern Han Dynasty) Zhuge Shang (looking for the eldest son) Zhuge Jing (looking for the second son) Zhuge Pan (returned after being convicted by Zhuge Ke) Grandson: Zhuge Xian (Pan Zi) devoted himself to Jian 'an for two years (A.D./KLOC-). Zhuge Liang and his younger brother are farming in Longzhong, Nanyang. The songs that Liang often reads often compare himself with Guan Zhong and Guan Zhong. People didn't agree with him at that time. Only friends Xu Shu, Cui, Shi Tao believe in his talent. Known as "Wolong". Make friends with Jingzhou celebrities such as Pang Degong and Huang. Huang once said to Zhuge Liang: "Wen Jun chooses his wife; Ugly girls with yellow heads and blackheads, but they are all worth matching. I heard that you want to choose a wife. There is an ugly girl in my family with yellow hair and dark skin, but her talent can rival yours. ) "Zhuge Liang agreed to this marriage and immediately married her. At that time, people played it as a joke, and there was even a proverb in the village: "Don't choose a wife for Kong Ming, you will get an ugly girl." South, until the spring of 225, Zhuge Liang led the army south. Before he left, Liu Chan gave Zhuge Aliang a gold cymbal, a curved cover, one before and after Yu Bao preached, and sixty warriors. Later, Zhuge Liang went deep into the barren land (idiom: the barren land is today's northern border of Myanmar, bhamo) to crusade against Lv Yong and Meng Huo. Zhuge Liang took the advice of joining the army in Ma Su, focusing on the policy. First, he defeated Lv Yong's army, then captured Meng Huo seven times, and settled the chaos in the world in autumn (see Zhuge Liang's southern expedition for details). The rich resources in the south of Shu and Han provided military services for the country. When Shu became rich, he began to train and prepare for the Northern Expedition. In March, the fifth year of the Northern Expedition (AD 227), Zhuge Liang went to see his ancestors with "Examples" and led his troops to Hanzhong to prepare for the Northern Expedition. He first trained in Hanzhong for about a year, and then attacked the north. Wei Nan 'an (Longxi, Gansu), Tianshui and Anding (Jichuan, Gansu) immediately fell to Shu. Wei Mingdi went to Chang 'an to supervise the war, while Cao Zhen supervised the right army, and adopted the strategy of giving priority to defense. At first, the Shu army took Gu Jielu as a threat to capture the county seat, so that Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi led the troops (now northwest of Shaanxi Baocheng) as suspected troops, and Zhuge Liang led the troops to attack Qishan in the west. Ma Su, who joined the army, led an army as a pioneer and was stationed in the street pavilion. Ma Su command error, defeat, lost the street pavilion. The Shu army lost its stronghold and had to return to Hanzhong. Zhuge Liang beheaded Ma Su, wrote to him three times, and became the prime minister as a right general. In the winter of the sixth year of Jianxing (AD 228), Wei Jun attacked Wu on the third road, and Guanzhong was empty. Zhuge Liang led the army to the Northern Expedition again. The Shu army went through the big three passes this time, besieged Chencang for more than 20 days, and all the food was gone. In the seventh year of Jianxing (AD 229), Zhuge Liang led the army to the third northern expedition. The Shu army marched westward, occupied Weiwudu and Yin Ping counties, and then returned. Zhuge Liang was reinstated as prime minister. In the ninth year of Jianxing (AD 23 1), Zhuge Liang cut Wei for the fourth time and surrounded Qishan with wooden cows and horses to transport grain. Sima Yi was the commander-in-chief and supervisor of the resistance movement. Sima yi knew that the Shu army had come from a long distance and the food logistics was limited, and insisted on taking risks and refusing to fight. Zhuge Liang appointed Li Yan to be responsible for the logistics supply in Hanzhong. Li Yan failed to raise food and grass in time, so he wrote to Zhuge Liang and the emperor ordered his retreat. After Zhuge Liang withdrew his troops, he lied to the court that withdrawing troops was to lure the enemy. After Zhuge Liang came back, he signed the list with many soldiers, impeached Li Yan, saved him as Shu Ren and exiled him to Zitong. In February of the 12th year of Jianxing (AD 234), Zhuge Liang made the fifth northern expedition and led a large army out of the oblique valley. This time, I made an appointment to attack Wei at the same time. However, Wu Dong has been slow to send troops. Until May, Sun sent Lu Xun to camp in Jiangxia and Miankou (now Hanzhen, Hubei) and attacked Xiangyang, while Sun Quan himself led the army to encircle the new town. In this regard, Wei Mingdi's strategy is to defeat Wu Dong first. He personally led the water army eastward, made Sima Yi, who was guarding the west, insist on not fighting and let the Shu army retreat. However, when Sun Quan learned of Wei Zhu's intention, he thought that his side had become the main battlefield and suffered losses, that is, he ordered all the troops to withdraw. On the western front. In view of the lessons from the past, Zhuge Liang divided his troops and settled in the field, intending to be stationed for a long time. In August of this year, Zhuge Liang suddenly fell ill and died at the front, at the age of 54. The Shu army retreated across the board. Liu Chan is useless. Chronology of Zhuge Liang's crushing defeat of the Shu army [Edit this paragraph] Guanghe was born in Yang Du, Ye Lang (now yinan county, Shandong Province) on April 14th of the fourth year 18 1 year 1 year. In the sixth year, 189, at the age of 9, Zhuge Liang's mother Zhang passed away. Chuping 3 years 192 12 years old Zhuge Liang's father died. In the first year of Xingping 194, Zhuge Liang, his brother Zhuge Jun and his sister were adopted by his uncle Zhuge Xuan, and his brother Zhu Gejin went to Jiangdong with his stepmother. In the second year of Xingping, 195, 15 years old, Zhuge Liang's uncle Zhuge Xuan was appointed as the satrap, and he and his younger brother and sister followed his uncle ||||| | Zhuge Liang (18 1-234), an outstanding politician, strategist, essayist and essayist in the Three Kingdoms period. Zhuge Liang was born into an official family in Yang Du County (now yinan county, Shandong Province) of Langxie County in the 4th year of Han Dynasty (18 1). Zhuge family is a noble family of Langxie, whose ancestor Zhuge Feng served as a captain of Li Si in the Western Han Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty. Zhuge Liang's father, Zhuge Gui, named Simon, worked as a county magistrate in Taishan in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Zhuge Liang's mother Zhang died at the age of 3, and Zhuge Liang lost his father at the age of 8. He and his younger brother Zhuge Jun followed his uncle Zhuge Xuan, who was appointed as the magistrate of Zhang Yu by Yuan Shu, to Zhang Yu. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhuge Xuan was replaced by Zhu Hao, and Zhuge Xuan went to his old friend Jingzhou to shepherd Liu Biao. In the second year of Jian 'an (197), Zhuge Xuan died. Zhuge Liang and his sister-in-law lost their livelihood and moved to Nanyang. One said that people in Xiangyang, Hubei (now Xiangfan, Hubei) lived in seclusion in rural areas and worked as farmers. In the fourth year of Jian 'an (199), Zhuge Liang and his friend Xu Shu studied under Mr. Si Mahui, a water mirror. Later, in order to eliminate the historical controversy left by Zhuge Liang's seclusion, Gu Jiaping, a native of Xiangyang, Hubei Province, who was the magistrate in Nanyang, Henan Province in the Qing Dynasty, wrote: "Merit lies in the imperial court, regardless of one or two; There is no need to divide Xiangyang Nanyang. " This was written by Gu Jiaping, the magistrate of Nanyang, Henan Province in the Qing Dynasty, who was from Xiangyang, Hubei Province. Because Zhuge Liang is famous all over the world, the two provinces are fighting for the location of Zhuge Liang's former residence. Gu Jiaping wanted to offend Nanyang, but he was afraid of disappointing the name of Sangzi, so he wrote this wonderful couplet, which not only praised Zhuge Liang, but also settled the dispute between the two provinces, which was fair. However, this controversy has not subsided. When the second set of "Longzhongdui" stamp sheetlet of Romance of the Three Kingdoms was issued on 1990, Hubei and Henan provinces organized a delegation to complain in Beijing for the first place of "Longzhongdui", which blocked the design. The Institute of History of China Academy of Social Sciences and the Institute of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties of Beijing Normal University specially organized an academic seminar on "Zhuge Liang plowing the fields". Zhuge Liang's statement that he plowed the land in X-Yang has been approved by most people, and historians also believe that Zhuge Liang's scenic spots in Xiangyang and Nanyang can completely coexist, just like Wenwu Chibi. In the twelfth year of Jian 'an (207), when Zhuge Liang was 27 years old, Liu Bei "visited the Caotang" and asked Zhuge Liang about his plan to unify the world. Zhuge Liang brilliantly analyzed the situation at that time, and put forward the strategic idea of seizing Jing and turning it into a base area first, reforming politics at home, uniting with Sun Quan abroad, helping foreigners in the south, fighting wars in the west, and waiting for an opportunity to go north to unify the whole country. This conversation is very famous. After listening to Zhuge Liang's incisive and thorough analysis, Liu Bei's thoughts were suddenly enlightened. He felt that Zhuge Liang's talents were rare, so he earnestly asked Zhuge Liang to come out of the mountain and help him complete the great cause of reviving the Han Dynasty. Zhuge Liang came out of the mountain to assist Liu Bei, united his grandson against Cao Cao, and Chibi defeated Cao Jun, forming a tripartite confrontation and seizing Jingzhou. Jian 'an sixteen years, captured Yizhou. Then he defeated Cao Jun and won Hanzhong. In twenty-six years, Liu Bei established the Shu-Han regime in Chengdu, and Zhuge Liang was appointed as the prime minister to preside over state affairs. In three years (223), Liu Bei was critically ill, and everything went well afterwards. When Liu Chan succeeded to the throne, Zhuge Liang was named the marquis of Wuxiang and took charge of Yizhou as a shepherd. Diligent and prudent, big and small political affairs must be hands-on, strict rewards and punishments, good relations with all ethnic groups in southwest China, reclamation, and strengthening combat readiness. In the fifth year of lite (227), Shangshu (the "model") was stationed in Liu Chan, and the army was stationed in Hanzhong. It explored the Central Plains six times before and after, and many of them failed with grain. Twelve years later, due to overwork, he died in the former army and entrusted Jiang Wei with the funeral. Zhuge Liang was an outstanding politician, thinker and strategist in Shu during the Three Kingdoms period. For thousands of years, Zhuge Liang became the embodiment of wisdom, and his legendary story was told by the world. Zhuge Liang's writings, in the "Three Kingdoms", include "Catalogue of Zhuge Ji", 24 articles, 104 1 12 words. Zhuge Zhongwu Hou Ji compiled by A Qing Zhang Shu is a relatively complete work. Zhuge Liang's main works in his life are: Before the Teacher's Watch, After the Teacher's Watch (or later generations faked Zhuge's name) and Long Zhong Dui. Zhuge Liang is ingenious, resourceful and thoughtful. He once innovated the "Liancrossbow", which can shoot 10 arrows continuously. As a "wooden cow flowing horse", it is convenient for military transportation in mountainous areas; He also derived Sun Tzu's Art of War and made an "eight-array map". There are many memorial sites for Zhuge Liang, and there are dozens in China. There is an endless stream of tourists. The earliest Wuhou Temple in China is located in Mianxian County, Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province. Mianxian Wuhou Temple is the first Wuhou Temple in the world. Wuhou Temple in Mianxian County was built in the spring of the sixth year of Jing Yao (AD 263). Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu and Han Dynasties, was named as the marquis of Wuxiang (Wuxiang is now Wuxiang Town of Hanzhong City) before his death, and was later named as the marquis of loyalty and righteousness by Liu Chan, so his temple was honored as the temple of marquis of Wuhou in history. Now the Wuhou Temple in Mianxian County is magnificent and large-scale, with more than 60 halls in the courtyard, which is not only a place to mourn the sages, but also a place to visit cultural relics. More significantly, the location of Wuhou Temple in Mianxian County was the former site of Zhuge Liang's "Hangyuan Xiangfu" during his northern expedition to Hanzhong. At present, in addition to Chengdu Wuhou Temple and Mianxian Wuhou Temple, there are Nanyang Wuhou Temple, Baidicheng Wuhou Temple, Yunnan Baoshan Wuhou Temple and Qishan Wuhou Temple. In addition, there are Wuzhangyuan Zhuge Temple built before the Tang Dynasty, Wuhou Temple built in the Ming Dynasty (Puyin, Hubei) and Huangling Temple built during the Jian 'an period (Yichang, Hubei). Zhuge Town in Lanxi, Zhejiang Province, was named after Zhuge Liang's descendants lived here for generations. The Prime Minister's Temple was built in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, with a history of more than 370 years.