Why did Lu Xun create "Morning Blossoms Plucked at Dusk" in 1926?

Lu Xun was already an important writer in the literary world when he wrote "Plucked Morning Flowers at Dusk". After the "March 18th" massacre in 1926, Lu Xun wrote "In Memory of Mr. Liu Hezhen" and other articles, angrily denounced the shameless behavior of the reactionary government. He was persecuted by the reactionary government and had to live a homeless life. He once took refuge in Yamamoto Hospital, German Hospital and other places. Despite the hard life, he also wrote a lot of prose poems and three essays such as "Twenty-Four Filial Piety Pictures", "Five Rampant Meetings" and "Impermanence", which were later combined with "Dog? 6? 1 Cat? 6?" written by Lu Xun before the tragedy. "1 Rat" and "Ah Chang and "The Classic of Mountains and Seas"" were included in the collection of essays "Morning Blossoms Plucked at Dusk". Lu Xun was already an important writer in the literary world when he wrote "Morning Blossoms Plucked at Dusk". After the "March 18th" massacre in 1926, Lu Xun wrote "In Memory of Mr. Liu Hezhen" and other articles, angrily denounced the shameless behavior of the reactionary government. He was persecuted by the reactionary government and had to live a homeless life. He once took refuge in Yamamoto Hospital, German Hospital and other places. Despite the hard life, he also wrote a lot of prose poems and three essays such as "Twenty-Four Filial Piety Pictures", "Five Rampant Meetings" and "Impermanence", which were later combined with "Dog? 6? 1 Cat? 6?" written by Lu Xun before the tragedy. "1 Rat" and "Ah Chang and "The Classic of Mountains and Seas"" were included in the collection of essays "Morning Blossoms Plucked at Dusk".

In September 1926, Lu Xun accepted an appointment from Xiamen University and went south to teach. However, he only stayed at Xiamen University for more than four months because he found that the air in Xiamen University was as polluted as in Beijing. Lu Xun saw the ugly faces of various intellectuals here and criticized them mercilessly. Although Lu Xun did not like Xiamen University, he devoted all his efforts to the courses he took, and the courses he took were very popular among students. In addition to his busy teaching life, Lu Xun wrote many works, including five essays: "From Baicao Garden to Sanwei Bookstore", "Father's Illness", "Lock Story", "Mr. Fujino" and "Fan Ainong". These five essays and the other five essays written in Beijing constitute the entire "Morning Blossoms Plucked at Dusk".

"Picking Up Flowers in the Morning and Evening" was published in 1927.

3. Main content and themes

"Dog? 6? 1 Cat? 6? 1 Rat" - In this article, Mr. Lu Xun liquidates the crimes of cats: Chapter First, the cat always plays with the prey it catches to its fullest before eating it; second, it is of the same species as the liger, but is naturally charming; third, it always howls when it cooperates, which is annoying; Fourth, it ate a little hermit mouse that I loved as a child. Although it was later confirmed that the cat was not the cause, I would not have a good impression of the cat, not to mention that it did eat the rabbit later! This article takes the genre of "cat" and satirizes people in life who are similar to cats in a sharp and vivid way.

"A Chang and "The Classic of Mountains and Seas"" - A Chang was Lu Xun's nanny when he was a child. It describes the scenes of getting along with A Chang when he was a child, and describes the kind, simple yet superstitious, nagging, and "full of troublesome etiquette" character of the eldest mother; he seeks to buy and give her the painting "The Classic of Mountains and Seas" that he has longed for. Feelings, full of respect and gratitude. The article uses affectionate language to express the sincere memory of this working woman.

"Twenty-Four Pictures of Filial Piety" - The so-called "Twenty-Four Pictures of Filial Piety" is a book telling the story of the twenty-four filial sons in ancient China, with pictures, and its main purpose is to promote feudal filial piety. Mr. Lu Xun started from his own feelings of reading "Twenty-Four Pictures of Filial Piety" when he was a child, focusing on describing the strong disgust caused by reading the two stories of "Lao Lai Entertaining His Parents" and "Guo Ju Burying His Son", vividly exposing the hypocrisy of feudal filial piety. and cruelty, revealing the pity of Chinese children in the "Wu Ram Festival" - the Wu Ram Festival is a game to welcome the gods, and it is a festival in my mind as a child. It describes the eagerness and excitement when I was a child looking forward to watching the God-welcoming Games, and the disappointing and painful feeling of being forced by my father to recite "Jianlue". Point out that forced feudal education suppresses and destroys children's nature.

"Impermanence" - Impermanence is a ghost with a human touch. When he went to seduce the soul, he saw his mother crying to death and his son was so sad. Forty sticks were struck.

When recalling impermanence, the article occasionally adds a few lines of satire on the so-called gentlemen in reality. The illusory impermanence gave some comfort to Lu Xun's lonely and desolate heart at that time.

"From Baicao Garden to Sanwei Bookstore" - describes the fun that children had in the Baicao Garden at home and the boring life of studying in Sanwei Bookstore, revealing children's broad life interests and the feudal bookcases that constrain children's nature The sharp contradiction in education expresses the reasonable requirement that children should be allowed to grow up healthily and lively.

"Father's Disease" - His father was killed by a quack doctor, which has always been the pain buried in Lu Xun's heart. The article focuses on recalling the scenes of treating his father's illness as a child, describing the medical attitudes, styles, prescriptions and other performances of several "famous doctors", revealing the essence of these people who do not distinguish between witch doctors and doctors, make mysteries, extort money, and disregard human lives.

"The Lock" - In this article, Lu Xun mainly recalled the process of leaving Shaoxing to study in Nanjing. The work describes the various shortcomings of the Jiangnan Naval School and the Mining and Railway School at that time and the difficulties in seeking knowledge, and criticizes the "smoky atmosphere" of the Westernization school. The author describes his excitement when he first came into contact with the theory of evolution and how he eagerly read "The Theory of Evolution" despite the objections of his elders, showing his strong desire to explore the truth.

"Mr. Fujino" - records the author's study life in Japan, and describes how he was discriminated against and insulted by Japanese students at Sendai Medical College and decided to abandon medicine and pursue literature. The author prominently describes the Japanese teacher Mr. Fujino’s noble character of rigor, integrity, enthusiasm and no national prejudice, and expresses his deep memory of Mr. Fujino.

"Fan Ainong" - recounts several life fragments of the author's contact with Fan Ainong when he was studying in Japan and after returning to China. It describes Fan Ainong's dissatisfaction with the dark society and pursuit of revolution before the revolution, and how he suffered a blow after the Revolution of 1911. The experience of persecution showed the disappointment of the old democratic revolution and the sympathy and mourning for this upright and stubborn patriot.

4. Characters

The four main characters appearing in "Bloom Blossoms Picked Up at Dusk" are the author's nanny, mentor, friend and father.

The eldest mother--she has an ignorant and superstitious side, but she retains a simple and kind love, which the author will never forget. From the eldest mother, we see Lu Xun's feelings for the working people at the bottom: he not only reveals their ignorant and numb side, but also praises their beautiful and kind side.

Mr. Fujino, a professor of medicine from a foreign country, is awe-inspiring for his simple and great personality because he treats others as equals and cares about the academic studies of the people of a weak country. Everything he did was ordinary. If we don't put ourselves in Lu Xun's shoes and imagine his situation at that time, it will be difficult to feel the greatness of this teacher.

Fan Ainong - an awakened intellectual, but unable to gain a foothold in the dark society. He could not finally compromise with this society like a madman, nor could he forget like Mr. N. Therefore, his heart was painful and desolate. Like Mr. Lu Xun, we suspected that he committed suicide.

Father - his father once confused Lu Xun in his childhood because he ordered him to endorse when he was happily going to see the Wuyang Hui. However, Lu Xun never blamed his father. What he regretted was that he did not let his father die peacefully, which made his soul always uneasy and painful. We feel Mr. Lu Xun’s strong love.

5. Artistic Techniques

1. Organically integrate narration, description, lyricism and discussion into one, full of poetry and painting. For example, the description of the scenery of Baicao Garden is vivid and fascinating.

2. When recalling the past affectionately, the author cannot forget the reality, and inserts some "essay style" (i.e. discussion of reality) from time to time, which shows Mr. Lu Xun's true and rich inner world. For example, the article "Dog? 6? 1 Cat? 6? 1 Rat" contains both the author's affectionate memories of a cute little hidden mouse he had in childhood and a vivid description of the folk tales told by his grandmother. At the same time, it reveals The true faces of those gentlemen who look very much like "cats" in reality.

3. Capture the small details in life, and use the small to see the big. When writing about people, you will write the charm of the characters, and when writing about things, you will write down the essence of the event.

For example, in "Impermanence", from the fact that Impermanence also has a wife and children, the author not only writes about the humane characteristics of Impermanence, but also cleverly satirizes the hypocritical intellectuals in life, penetrating deeply.

4. The author often uses irony when criticizing and satirizing the old feudal system and old morality. On the surface, he narrates the beginning and end of the incident calmly, but in fact he is telling the truth. There is a clever irony in the narrative that "the words are here but the intention is there." For example, in "Father", the medical practice of a quack is described in detail without any positive criticism or irony, but the author's passionate criticism and irony are everywhere in the words.

5. Authors often use contrasting techniques in prose. For example, "Five Rampant Meeting" expresses my disgust and criticism of feudal society through the comparison of my before and after mood; "Impermanence" profoundly depicts certain aspects of real life through the comparison of the "ghost" of impermanence and the "people" in reality. The ugly appearance of people whose "personality" is not as good as their "ghost personality"; the author's love for the little hidden mouse and his strong hatred for cats in "Dog? 6? 1 Cat? 6? 1 Rat" form a sharp contrast.

6. Highlights

One of the highlights is "Five Rampant Meetings"

I was anxious and brought the book. He sat me down at the table in the middle of the hall and taught me to read sentence by sentence. I was worried and read on sentence by sentence.

After reading about twenty or thirty lines of two sentences to one line, he said:

"Read it to me. If you can't recite it, you won't be allowed to read it."

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After he finished speaking, he stood up and walked into the room.

I seemed to have a basin of cold water poured over my head. But what can be done? Of course, you have to read it, readers, and memorize it - and recite it.

Guangdong originated from Pangu and was born in Taihuang.

It first came out of the imperial world and opened up chaos.

It is a book like this. Now I only remember the first four sentences and have forgotten everything else. Naturally, all the twenty or thirty lines I had memorized at that time were also forgotten in it. I remember hearing someone say at that time that reading "Jianlue" is much more useful than reading "Thousand-Character Essay" or "Hundred Family Surnames" because you can get a general idea of ??the history from ancient times to the present. It would be good to know roughly from ancient times to the present, but I don’t understand a word of it. "Guangdong since Pangu" means "Guangdong since Pangu", read on and remember it, "Guangdong since Pangu"! "Born in the wilderness"! …

The application objects have been moved, and the chaos at home has turned into silence. The morning sun shines on the west wall, and the weather is very sunny. The mother, the worker, the eldest mother and the elder were all unable to save them. They could only wait silently for me to learn it well and recite it. In the silence, it seemed that many iron pincers were stretching out from my head to clamp down on those who were "born in the wilderness"; I also heard my voice trembling as I recited hastily, like crickets chirping in the night in late autumn. Similar.

They all waited; the sun was no longer higher.

I suddenly seemed very confident, so I stood up, walked into my father's study room, and memorized the book in one go, as if I had finished it in a dream.

"Not bad. Let's go." Father nodded and said.

Everyone started moving at the same time, with smiles on their faces, and walked towards the river port. The worker picked me up high, as if congratulating me on my success, and walked quickly to the front.

I am not as happy as they are. After setting sail, the scenery on the waterway, the snacks in the box, and the excitement of the Wuchanghui in Dongguan didn't seem to be of much interest to me.

Appreciation - The article is very detailed about my change of mood from "laughing and jumping" to feeling that everything "isn't that big of a deal", and contains a quiet criticism of feudal education. We can also see from the article that the author did not condemn his father, but only expressed sadness and confusion about the elders' inability to understand the true feelings of a child.

Highlight No. 2 "Fan Ainong"

In early winter, our situation became even more difficult, but we still drank and told jokes. Suddenly came the Wuchang Uprising, and then the Shaoxing Restoration. Ainong came to town the next day, wearing a felt hat commonly used by farmers, with a smile he had never seen before.

"Lao Xun, we won't drink today. I'm going to see the restored Shaoxing. Let's go together.

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We went for a walk on the street and saw white flags everywhere. However, despite the appearance, the inside was still the same, because it was still a military government organized by a few old country gentry, and the railway shareholder was the chief executive. .... This military government will not last long after all. A few young men shouted, and Wang Jinfa led troops from Hangzhou. But even if he didn't shout, he would have come, and he would have been surrounded by many idle men and new revolutionaries. Surrounded by the Party, he was the king's governor. He came in cloth clothes and had probably changed into leather robes within ten days. The weather was not cold yet.

I was placed in the normal school. Next to the principal's job, Governor Wang gave us 200 yuan from the school. As the supervisor, Ainong still wears the same cloth robe, but he doesn't drink much anymore and has little time for chatting. He is really diligent in doing things and teaching. Yes.

Appreciation - There is an important detail in the article, that is, the description of Shaoxing after the liberation. This actually laid the foundation for Fan Ainong's tragedy. Lu Xun did not say a word about Fan Ainong. The positive praise only reflects the happy side of Fan Ainong after the revolution from his expression "that smile is something I have never seen before" and from his actions "really diligent". However, the greater the hope that arises in Fan Ainong's heart. The disappointment became even greater. Lu Xun later used a lot of pen and ink to write about the reality of Shaoxing after the liberation. In fact, he was exploring the reasons for the tragic fate of his friends.