Who is throwing dirty water at diligent Yong Zhengdi?

During the Yongzheng period, the Qing Dynasty presented a scene of prosperity. He tried to fill the loopholes for his father Kangxi and left a legacy for his son Qianlong, which played a decisive role in the continuation of the "prosperous time of Kanggan". But what he left to future generations was nothing more than eccentric personality, killing brothers and heroes, tampering with testamentary edicts, and being assassinated because his son was Han.

Kangxi, Yongzheng's father, created the myth of prosperous times, and finally left a lot of problems: officials were corrupt, inefficient and the treasury was empty. As early as when the captaincy, Yongzheng was deeply worried. In the forty-eighth year of Kangxi, the household deposit was more than 50 million, and in the sixty-first year, it was only more than 8 million. The reason for the decline is the deficit. After Yongzheng acceded to the throne, he changed his father's generous style, and the assessment officials were "strict" and implemented tough politics. He vigorously rectified the bureaucracy, checked the deficit of money and grain, severely punished the verified corrupt officials, recovered the stolen money and sealed up the family property; In addition, promoting honesty will be changed to cultivating honesty, and "abandoning envy and returning to the public" will be implemented. Officials extract "yanglianyin" from it according to the level, give officials reasonable remuneration, and let corruption lose its excuse. Yongzheng's genius lies in not only punishing a large number of corrupt officials, but also resorting to institutional guarantee while increasing punishment, which is quite effective in cleaning up official management.

Yongzheng killed a large number of corrupt officials and maintained high pressure, which made officials shudder at the word "money". When executing the death penalty for corrupt officials, officials are often organized to attend. He believes that on-site warning education is much more effective than letting officials learn The Analects. At the same time, Yongzheng rewarded the diligent and punished the lazy, forcing officials to change their style and thinking. Yongzheng himself is one of the most diligent and accomplished kings in the history of China. Yongzheng didn't sleep more than 4 hours every day, and only gave himself a day off on his birthday. According to the existing archives, he approved more than 6,543,800 words for the memorial ceremony alone, which is more than three times the sum of 0.755-79,000 words.

Yongzheng neither tolerated the "greed" of officials nor the "laziness" of officials. The result of grasping with both hands and being hard with both hands has led to a temporary official style, respect for inferiority and thrift, and corruption, which has been greatly curbed. It is manifested in the following aspects: First, politically, in the later period of Emperor Kangxi, benevolent governance and charity were emphasized. But officials are lazy, procrastinate, do not seek progress, but seek mistakes. This decadent trend has been reversed. Secondly, financially, the fiscal deficit in the late Kangxi period was reversed, and the fiscal balance was large, which laid a good foundation for the early development of Qianlong. Third, in the management of officials, from the imperial court to the local government, from the governor to the magistrate, officials dare not treat Yong Zhengdi lightly.

During Yong Zhengdi's reign, the official atmosphere quickly reversed, claiming that "Yongzheng was in power, with no officials and no officials", which was really a miracle of China's feudal society and provided a guarantee for promoting reforms in various fields. Create a military department and concentrate on promoting reform; Cancel poll tax to ease social contradictions; Without the foreshadowing of corruption and laziness, it is hard to imagine making such a big move as changing the status quo and safeguarding national unity. As for why Yongzheng's new policy of reforming the Yuan Dynasty was difficult to prevent the demise of the Qing Dynasty, it was the inevitable result of the feudal system and could not be changed by one or two emperors.

However, in 13, every step of Yongzheng's imperial career from succession to sudden death was accompanied by a "stain", so that the original "Kang Yong Prosperity" was later changed to "Kangxi Qianlong Prosperity" by historians wearing colored glasses, and Yongzheng's image in Jianghu unofficial history was even more unsightly. Why did diligent Yong Zhengdi stay and scold? The main reason is that he offended people. According to today's

Among all kinds of legends about Yongzheng, tampering with the testamentary edict "spread to the four emperors", "Qianlong was a Han Chinese" and "Lv Siniang took revenge and beheaded" are the three main rumors.

1. "Yongzheng changed the imperial edict". Emperor Kangxi originally passed the throne to the fourteen sons of Yunchan, but Yongzheng secretly changed the word "ten" in the imperial edict to "imperial", so the imperial edict became "four sons". Changing words is not worth refuting. Before the simplification of Chinese characters, the word "Yu" was written in the traditional Chinese character "Yu" instead of the simplified word "Yu" now. It is almost impossible to trace the cross back to one word; Secondly, the imperial edict for such a big thing, in addition to indicating which son it is, always write the name of the prince. The fourteenth son of Kangxi was named Yin Gui, which is quite different from the fourth son Yin _, so it is impossible to muddle through by changing the word. Finally, when the Qing Dynasty came to power, testamentary edicts were generally written in Chinese, Manchu and Mongolian. Even if one word can be changed, it is impossible to change three words at the same time without being discovered.

2. "Gan Long is a Han Chinese". Emperor Long, surnamed Aisingiorro, was the fourth emperor in the Central Plains after the Qing Dynasty. He reigned for 60 years and made great contributions to the prosperity of the Qing Dynasty. He is indeed a generation of promising monarchs. But among the people, the story of Emperor Qianlong is very strange. It is said that he is the son of Chen in Haining. Meng Sen, a famous historian, refuted this by citing historical facts. The prosperity of Chen's career in Haining began in the late Ming Dynasty and reached its peak in Kangxi and Yongzheng. Before Qianlong ascended the throne, many followers of Chen had died, and Chen Shiguan still existed. He is the father of Qianlong in Jin Yong's novels, but he has never been paid special attention by Emperor Qianlong. Chen Shiguan, who worked for six years and was promoted to a cabinet university, made mistakes in drafting government decrees and was quickly dismissed. Not only that, Emperor Qianlong reprimanded him face to face. "He is incompetent because he is too humble and important for his position." Such harsh scolding is rarely received by ordinary former ministers, let alone the rumored emperor's father. Besides, Manchu people have been wary of Han people since they entered the Central Plains. With Yongzheng's talent, it is even more impossible to hand over Daqing Jiangshan to a Han son who is not his own son. Therefore, there is no doubt that Gan Long is Yongzheng's own son.

3, Lv Siniang revenge beheaded. According to legend, Lv Siniang is Lv Liuliang's granddaughter. Unofficial history recorded that Lv Liuliang was killed because of the Yongzheng literary inquisition, and Lv Siniang sneaked into the palace for revenge in the name of choosing a concubine. Later, Yongzheng told him to wait on the bed, so he beheaded Yongzheng with a dagger. For example, unofficial history, as a mirror of history, is recorded by Lv Siniang in Qing Dynasty. However, there is no record of Lv Siniang in the official history, and her stabbing to death of Yongzheng is just a legend. There are two reasons why this statement can be widely circulated. First, in the Qing Dynasty, the opposition between Manchu and Han was very strong. Therefore, the story of Lv Siniang's assassination of Yongzheng can satisfy the overwhelming emotions of Han intellectuals and the masses; Second, most people are curious. The cause of Yongzheng's death has never been clear. The joke of assassinating Lv Siniang will undoubtedly arouse people's "interest". This is probably the reason why the legend of Lv Siniang's assassination of Yongzheng is enduring. According to the records of different years in Qing Dynasty, Yongzheng may have died of erysipelas. Because, before Yongzheng died 12 days, under the supervision of the eunuch in charge, 200 kilograms of black lead for alchemy was brought into Yuanmingyuan. Although this explanation is not absolute, it is feasible.

Although the story of Lv Siniang's assassination of Yongzheng is extremely unreliable, it has been regarded as a treasure by the film and television circles in recent decades and has been continuously adapted into more than 20 movies and TV series, further amplifying the negative image of Yongzheng among the people. In fact, many legends about Yongzheng are completely false, and most of them are fictional.