Eight elements of Hakka residential style in Suichuan

Hakka (English: Hakka, Hakka: Hak-k? Or Khak-k? Hakka Pinyin: Hag5-ga 1 or Kag5-ga 1) is the main component of local nationalities in southern China, such as Guangdong, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangxi and Taiwan Province provinces, and it is a Han nationality with wide distribution and far-reaching influence in the world.

Hakka ancestors began in the period of the integration of Lingnan and Baiyue in Qin Zheng [1], and experienced the Yongjia Rebellion in the Western Jin Dynasty, the Five Rebellions in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Rebellion in Huang Chao in the Late Tang Dynasty and the Southern Crossing in the Song Dynasty. The Han people in the Central Plains moved to the southern provinces one after another. After thousands of years of evolution, the Han people with unique dialects, customs and cultural patterns gradually formed in the Southern Song Dynasty at the latest. [2-3]

Based in Guangdong, Jiangxi, Fujian (Shenzhen, Huizhou, Meizhou, Ganzhou, Tingzhou, Heyuan, Shaoguan, Shanwei, etc. ), Hakkas moved to all parts of China (including Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan), Southeast Asia (now Southeast Asia) and even all parts of the world. [4] It is distributed in Guangdong (about 23 million in 2009, accounting for 27.5% of Guangdong's population), Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangxi, Taiwan Province Province (about 4 1 197000 in 2068+0), Sichuan, Hunan, Hong Kong, Hainan, Zhejiang, Macau and other provinces. About 6.5438+million people are distributed in more than 80 countries except China, especially in Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and Singapore. Hakka dialect is an important part of the local language. [5]

Hakka culture not only inherits the ancient orthodox Han culture, but also integrates the local culture of South China (such as Lingnan), and is known as the living fossil of ancient culture in China. Hakka dialect is a living fossil of ancient Chinese [6]. Farming and reading are the characteristics of Hakka culture. Longwu system is the peak representative of ancient farming culture. Hakka studies is an outstanding school in the world today [7].

The word "Hakka" is not only the appellation of Han nationality, but also a cultural concept.