How many parts does Griff's Travels have?

The satire in Gulliver's Travels is a multi-edged sword. The first person to be criticized or satirized was Britain that day, which was the first "modern society" in the world.

Gulliver's first adventure was in Lilliput. There, he can hold off the whole naval fleet with one hand, and he will swallow a lot of chickens, ducks, cattle and sheep plus many barrels of wine at a meal. People in Lilliput used 500 craftsmen, countless ropes, 900 "big men" responsible for lifting and handling, and15,000 "tall" royal horses to transport him to Beijing. In such a tiny country, all ambitions and invitations, political struggles and wars are inevitably small and trivial.

Partisan disputes are divided into camps according to the level of shoes, and "high followers" and "low followers" are at odds; Neighboring countries should not only conquer and enslave each other, but also argue over trivial "principles" such as which head to knock when eating eggs.

In the second volume of the novel, Britain is even criticized by name. Gulliver gave a long introduction to the history, system and present situation of Britain, as well as all kinds of things that "earn face" for the country and himself. But from the perspective of a big country, Britain is a small country like a lilliputian country, and its history is full of "greed, partisanship, hypocrisy, treachery, cruelty, anger, madness, resentment, jealousy, insidiousness and ambition".

This novel not only criticizes the current social situation, but also consciously imitates language and writing. Gulliver copied an official proclamation in Lilliput, which praised the king as "king of kings", "keeping his feet on the ground and the sun holding high above his head" and so on. However, Gulliver's eyes remind us everywhere that the monarch is only a dozen centimeters tall. The gap between "words" and "reality" makes people laugh.

In the fourth season, although the concise style of writing is still the same, it is described as a grotesque scene in which man and beast are reversed; Horses become the carrier of reason, and people become inferior animals (Yahoo).

Perhaps it is because everyone on earth lives in the so-called "modern society" today, Swift's satires and fables are still incisive after more than 200 years of irregular reading, and every word is "blood". In those years when the ghost of Yahoo became the ironic "star" of computer network, people could not and should not forget Swift's doubts and despair. Whether you really read it or read it through, almost everyone knows that Griff's Travels is a world famous book. Among readers in China, jonathan swift's name may not be as resounding as Shakespeare, Dickens and Bernard Shaw, but how many people have actually read these famous books? On the contrary, the stories of lilliputian and adult countries are almost household names. At the same time, Griff's travels seem to be a children's book in the eyes of ordinary people, right? If not, what kind of book is it? Griff's Travels is a fantastic book, but I don't agree with some critics that it is a children's book with magical imagination, exaggerated means and allegorical brushwork. Of course, it is the common feature of general children's books, but Grave's Travels is famous for its excellent satire in the history of world literature. Swift's name, at least among British satirists, is still rare. Gref's travels consist of four parts. The first volume of Li Lipu's Travel Notes and the second volume of Brobdingnag's Travel Notes were written between 172 1 year and 1722. The fourth volume of Hui Yinguo's Travels precedes the third volume and was written in 1723. The third volume is relatively loose, and the price difference is large. Mainly based on Le Pitard's travel notes, it also covers Balny Babi, Lager nagel, Greta Cone and Japanese travel notes. It was written for two years from 1724 to 1725. The four parts should be said to be independent of each other, and some connection or contrast on the surface may only exist between the first volume and the second volume. Grave has changed from a "giant mountain" in a lilliputian country to a poor dwarf in a big country. Of course, whether viewed from the front or the back, Swift's emotions and thoughts are consistent in all four novels. That is to criticize the British society in the first half of the eighteenth century mercilessly, especially to attack the ruling class for corruption, incompetence, boredom, poison, debauchery, greed and arrogance. And the scope seems to go beyond Britain in the early 18th century, pointing the finger at the evil, stupid, dirty and irrational all mankind. The first volume is standard satire. Although it is now recognized that Lilliput actually refers to the English Lilliput court, which is the epitome of the English court, people still have to admire Swift's amazing imagination. Why does he have such an idea of a lilliputian country? The size ratio of gref to Liliputians is 1: 12. This ratio has been strictly observed throughout the book without any mistakes. In terms of writing skills, this visual choice is a genius, and its effect is ubiquitous humor. Of course, we know that the author is being sarcastic, but this kind of sarcasm is rational, calm and even mild. The author is not fully excited yet, he is just telling you stories in a serious way, telling a series of interesting stories that readers have never heard of. Readers are so fascinated by his stories-Swift-that they forget that each of his stories actually mentions something. Whether it is a "high-heel party" or a "low-heel party", a "big-end party" or a "small-end party", even a specific figure like the Chancellor of the Exchequer can find their shadow from the British upper class at that time. Some critics even think that some "targeted" satire actually applies to all mankind, not just Britain. The satire in the first volume is positive and direct. Grave, as a giant, is striding in Lily Putri, which is made up of pocket people, things and things. Although he was often harassed, he experienced all kinds of disappointments. When walking in the street, you must always pay attention to it. Don't accidentally trample people to death or collapse their houses, but he will always be condescending. No matter the emperor or the minister, Griff will always be a group of ridiculous and insignificant animals in his eyes. The ratio here is 1: 12, and gref enjoys the cheapness and pleasure of overlooking from beginning to end. Of course, even such a lilliputian country, its internal disputes and corruption will one day destroy itself. Contrary to the first volume, the second volume of Brobdingnag's Travels shows that Grave came to the kingdom of adults and suddenly fell from a "giant mountain" to a "Greer Trieger". Being in a big country, I seem to have become a lilliputian country. In turn, the ratio becomes 12: 1. Grave's perspective changed from condescending to looking up everywhere. This sharp contrast is symbolic. This kind of irony is quite sharp and has the power to make the other party unable to fight back. Swift is also obviously more and more unscrupulous. No matter what the author thinks, the appearance of the third volume has somewhat destroyed the overall perfection of Griff's Travels. As far as the series of fragments that constitute the third volume are concerned, they lack strength and the structure is relatively loose. The scope involved has expanded, but it looks more like the author is telling jokes, and many places are not ironic. The third volume serves as a buffer to ease the strong feelings between the second volume and the fourth volume. The third volume consists of five travel notes. The Travels of Leipita is the first one, and its ironic theme is obvious, that is, Britain's rule and exploitation of Ireland. In the following Travels of Balny Bobby, Swift's satire is direct and undisguised, and the object of satire is the Lagardo Academy of Sciences. In addition, Swift satirized the so-called new method of literary and historical criticism. The fourth volume of Hui Yinguo's Travels seems to be the most controversial part. What does Swift really want to tell us in this book? For more than 200 years, people have discussed this issue far beyond the academic scope. Griff's Travels was very popular as soon as it was published. But almost immediately after Swift's death, the persistent attack on the fourth volume began. Is swift anti-human? The development of mankind, on the one hand, shows its true civilization and virtue, but also exposes its depravity and ugliness more comprehensively and clearly. And satirists just go further on this road. In fact, criticism or satire is often not out of malice, but may be because of deeper love; Maybe it's "angry without arguing". Is this Swift's anti-humanity? If so, we might as well accept it, from which we can see the strongest, deepest, most powerful and uncompromising irony. The value of Grave's travels and Swift's greatness are based on it. Reading Grave's travels is like wandering in the sea of imagination of Swift. He constructed a strange world with spicy, sarcastic or mocking brushstrokes. Strange country, strange characters and the protagonist's strange experience constitute Swift's ideal or anti-ideal country, which makes readers indulge in his imaginative imagination and be moved by the profound connotation in the book. Griff's travels became a milestone in the history of world literature.