On Fuxi Nuwa, one of Huang San.

Speaking of Fuxi, he was a very loud figure in ancient China culture. In mythology, Fuxi and Nu Wa like to be called because they are brother and sister and they are married. Their descendants told many stories about the two brothers and sisters, such as the snakehead, the Kunlun Mountain escaping from the flood, and the goddess mending the sky caused by the angry beating of Zhoushan by workers. These are all stories recorded in Shan Hai Jing, which is an encyclopedia of ancient people, geography, culture and history in the early Zhou Dynasty. But the records in this book are so unreal that it has been a long time.

However, I think Fuxi Nuwa may be more than just a mythical figure! There should be a prototype in real history, but some historical facts are not recorded in writing and are gradually distorted by word of mouth of later generations. In ancient books with written records, myths have to be used to describe that period of history. Fortunately, it is confirmed by archaeological sites, so we can vaguely analyze some historical outlines from the fog of myth.

Let me talk about the archaeological discovery of Fu.

First, Fu was born. The Dadiwan cultural site in Tianshui, Gansu Province may be Fu's hometown. "Historical Records" says: "The surname of Qiu is Feng, and the surname of Sui people is Tianwang, and his mother is Hua Xu. He was born in Reze and also in Ji Cheng. " Dong is another name for Fuxi. The first half of this passage in Historical Records is not displayed. The important thing is the last sentence, "Dong was born in". Han Shu said: "Ji Cheng belongs to Hanyang County, Hanyang County and Tianshui County." The place names in Qin and Han Dynasties were called states, counties and counties, which were similar to the names of provinces, cities and counties now. Therefore, if you sit in the right place, Tianshui County will correspond to the current Tianshui City. Therefore, according to historical records and the excavation of Dadiwan site in Tianshui City, Fuxi's hometown should be Tianshui City.

Now let's talk about the meaning of the second sentence in Historical Records, "The surname of a teacher is Feng, and the surname of the Sui people is Tianhou Wang". "Taiyi Fuxi" refers to the descendants of the Yellow Emperor, ranking second among the five emperors, and his name happens to be Fuxi, one of Huang San. Such historical figures with the same name are not uncommon, such as Bo Yan, the prime minister of the Yuan Dynasty, Bo Yan, who captured Song Gongdi, the last emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty in Kublai Khan's time, and Bo Yan, who advocated building the Yellow River in Yuan Shundi's time and eventually led to the peasant uprising at the end of the Yuan Dynasty. Similarly, the same is true of the two Fuxi, one in Huang San and the other in Tai Hao, one of the five emperors. This Taihao Fuxi can also understand this. Li Shimin,No. Zhenguan, has a year number and a name. It was not until after the Han Dynasty that people confused Fuxi with Tai Hao, but in fact Fuxi and Tai Hao were two people. Now there is a Taihao Mausoleum in Huaiyang District, Zhoukou City, Henan Province, in memory of Tai Hao. Friends who like to travel should not go there to worship Fuxi, otherwise it will be a joke. Huaiyang was called Wanqiu in ancient times, and The Theory of Five Emperors' Virtues said: "Fuxi is so embarrassing in the world, and it is all in Chen. "Chen's capital is located in Chen, and the capital of Chen in the Spring and Autumn Period is in Wanqiu, which is now Huaiyang District, Zhoukou City, Henan Province. The earliest site unearthed in Huaiyang is Pingliangtai site related to Taitai, which is about 4,600 years ago, while Fuxi, one of Huang San, was 8,000 years ago, which is obviously not a place. Wanqiu, where Fuxi lived 8,000 years ago, belongs to Kunlun Mountain, which is a place with a double name. Archaeologists have confirmed that they will not go into details here. Kunlun Mountain is now a tourist attraction in Wuwang, Jiyuan City, Henan Province. It is very interesting.

"Historical Records" goes on to say that Fuxi is the Feng family, and the Feng family originated from the Sui family. As I said in my last article, that is to say, Fu is a descendant of Suiren. According to Shan Hai Jing, Sui people established Sui Ming State, which was later replaced by Luo of Fuxi. Luo Fengguo may be the site of Yangshao culture in Sanmenxia City, Henan Province today, and it is the site of a matriarchal society. Fuxi was later named Nuwa in Ruyang County, Luoyang City, Henan Province. In Ruyang, Youlaihe Temple and many other legends and cultural sites are related to Nuwa. In Yangshao culture of Luofeng country, after Fuxi's death, Nu Wa inherited the position of leader, and the workers were dissatisfied with Nu Wa's rule and launched a rebellion. Finally, she was defeated by Nuwa and fled to Jinzhou, Liaoning. However, before long, natural disasters such as earthquake, flood and meteorite shower occurred, which led to the destruction of Yangshao culture and the ethnic groups of Yangshao culture fled all over the country. At the same time, the tragedy also brought Yangshao culture to all directions. At present, Xi 'an Banpo site, Handan magnetic mountain culture site and Xinzheng Peiligang cultural site are all radiation groups of Yangshao culture. Because the disaster was so violent, Nu Wa's family thought it was a punishment for Gong's anger after his death. In order to appease Gong * *, Nu Wa named Gong * *' s daughter as a land god, in charge of the underworld, that is, some contacts with the underworld. I hope she can convince her dad that it's not easy for everyone to be so angry. Later generations named the queen as the kitchen god, seeking happiness and transferring this history. After the disaster, the population is about to multiply, so Nu Wa allowed intermarriage between ethnic groups, that is, incest among peers forced to reproduce. The population has almost recovered, so Nu Wa resumed marriage outside the family, commonly known as walking marriage, which is a symbol of matriarchal society. To put it simply, the woman is the master, the man takes a wife, and the children take their mother's surname. Shan Hai Jing is difficult to talk about the past of class marriage or mixed-race incest, so it makes up a myth that Nu Wa made people and squeezed children with mud. Just like now, when children ask their mothers where I come from, they are embarrassed to say that your father made love with me and made me pregnant, and gave birth to you from the vagina, so they lied to the children that they picked it up from the trash can or squeezed it out with mud.

Finally, it is about Fuxi's mother. In the historical records, the sentence "My mother's name is Hua Xu, and she traveled to Razer" means that Fuxi's mother's name is Hua Xushi, and she stepped on the giant's footprints in Razer Lake. The source of this passage in historical records should be a passage in Shan Hai Jing Hai Nei Dong Jing: "Hua Xu was a great man, born in Leize." Anyway, that is to say, Fuxi's mother is Hua Xushi, and his father? It's actually the Razer family. Regarding the former site of Razer, there are two places, Linze County, Zhangye City, Gansu Province and Heze City, Shandong Province, which are quite far from Hua Xushi's hometown in Lantian County, Xi City, Shaanxi Province. This marriage is a bit unreliable. . . But in any case, it may be that Razer's man is so famous that he won the heart of Queen Hua Xushi. Not far away, Wanli did this, and finally gave birth to Fuxi Nuwa, two brothers and sisters.

In addition, Fuxi Nuwa has four sons, namely Xizhong, Hezhong and Shu. I think these should be the four sons of Taihao Fuxi, not Huang San Fuxi. According to Ji Shu's ranking, these four sons are only the second and third, not the eldest and fourth, and the last two are obviously not born to Nu Wa in matriarchal society at that time, and these four sons are all named after their fathers, and the last two may be concubines, because the ranking is also the second and third. Then Fuxi also has a daughter named Fu Fei, who should also belong to Taihao Fuxi. According to the ancient patriarchal custom, after a woman gets married, her surname comes last, her first name comes first, her concubine follows her surname, and rice follows her surname. Apparently, she has married someone else. If the princess is not her surname, but just a concubine named Mi, it means that her status is even lower. According to the paternal custom, it may be that Taihao Fuxi married the daughter of a concubine. However, this Fu Fei is still famous. After drowning in Luoyang Luohe, he was named Luoshen. Cao Zhi, a descendant of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms, couldn't help but write a poem "Ode to Luo Shen", which was arty and expressed his love for a girl who had a secret crush.

Finally, the achievements of Fuxi Nuwa were summarized. Many musical instruments were invented in Fuxi era, such as pottery meteorite, harp and animal husbandry, which were unearthed at the Dadiwan site in Tianshui, followed by Wen Tao, a kind of writing painted on pottery, and then performed gossip on the basis of Suiren's Hutuluo, which developed deep-rooted animal husbandry agriculture, established a simple bureaucratic system and tasted grass. In the era of Nuwa, class marriage was transformed into marriage outside the family, textile industry was developed, agriculture was reformed, financial management was conducted, and various musical instruments were invented.

Attached is the migration map of Fuxi, as follows

That's it. Originally, I wanted to write the next article about matriarchal society, but I thought it would take too long to write it, and it may not be updated in the future.