What kind of person was Sima Fu, Minister of Cao Wei? What deeds did he have in his life?

Sima Fu, who served as the Five Emperors of Wei Dynasty, moved to be a teacher, and was also the Taizai of the Western Jin Dynasty, and was named King Anping, which can be described as a "pivotal minister".

When evaluating Sima Fu, Fang, the author of the Book of Jin, said that he was "an outsider", while scholars in the Southern Song Dynasty said that he was "inferior to Lu Shuyu [x: 9] and Zhu".

Is Sima Fu a loyal minister or a traitor?

People who think that Sima Fu is a loyal minister are mainly based on the following three points:

1. After Cao Pi was killed by Ji Cheng, Sima Fu jumped on Cao Pi and cried: "Your Majesty was killed, I am guilty!"

Second, when Cao Huan gave way, Sima Fu took Cao Huan's hand and said, "I will be a loyal minister of Wei until I die!"

Third, Sima Fu called himself "Sima Fu, the great Wei Chenzhong" before he died.

To sum up, Sima Fu is a really good loyal minister, which is very different from other traitors and traitors in Sima family.

People who think that Sima Fu is a traitor mainly rely on the following four points:

First, when Sima Yi decided to launch the "Change of Gao Pingling" to tidy up Cao Shuang, Sima Fu and Sima Shi were in charge of controlling the palace gate.

Second, when Si Mazhao decided to abolish the emperor Cao Fang, Sima Fu took the lead in signing the agreement.

Third, after Xelloss was killed, Sima Fu did nothing but cry bitterly.

Fourth, Sima Fu kept saying that he was a "great Wei Chen Zhong", but he accepted the official position and the throne awarded by Sima Yan.

To sum up, Sima Fu is a treacherous court official who is duplicitous, and there is no difference with other traitors in Sima's family.

The view that "Sima Fu is a loyal minister" is actually easy to refute: because Sima Fu's performance does have a show element; The view that "Sima Fu is a traitor" is actually easy to refute: because Sima Fu has been living in a tangle, he is the most painful person in the process of Wei in the Western Jin Dynasty, but his strength is limited, so he can't put the righteousness above the family interests.

This is the interest in interpreting history: historical materials are ready-made, and there are different opinions on how to interpret them. In my opinion, it is a bit too shallow to simply characterize Sima Fu by loyalty and treachery.

When a person can dance in the most conspicuous place on the most political stage, it is difficult to define his every move with a simple word. Because in that position, you can't talk or do anything casually.

We can only say that Sima Fu is a successful man: he is a very important official himself, and his descendants are all in high positions.

As for loyalty and treachery, they are all used to promote the main theme. I really want to know. From the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the beginning of the Western Jin Dynasty, how many people dared to say that they were clean?

First of all, none of Cao Wei's ministers were clean, because they ate Hanlu in the world and later worked for Cao Wei;

Secondly, none of the ministers of Soochow is clean, because rising of sun has no legal basis.

Finally, none of the officials in the Shu Dynasty were clean, because when Xian Di was still alive, Liu Bei ascended the throne of the emperor. Apart from hanging the banner of "Han", they have little to do with the so-called "Han ministers", but only a local separatist regime.

When Zhuge Liang advised Liu Bei to be emperor, he said bluntly: Don't people follow you to conquer the world in the hope that they can achieve positive results in the future? If it is not the emperor, how can everyone make a positive result? Who wants to hang out with you in the future?

Liang said, "In the past, Sai-jo resigned when Haing Han, Geng Yan and others first advised him to be emperor. On the count of four, Geng Chun said, "There are heroes all over the world, and there is still hope for him. If you don't follow the discussion, the literati will seek their own masters and not follow the public. Sai-jo was sincere and agreed. Today, Cao Shi usurps the Han Dynasty, and there is no owner in the world. The great king, Liu Miao, rose from the world and today is the throne, which is also appropriate. Scholars who have worked hard with Wang for a long time are also eager for merits and demerits as pure words. "The late Lord is the throne at that time. -"reflection" volume 35, wu zhugeliangchuan

As long as we understand this fact, we should be able to draw a conclusion that in such troubled times, it is of no special value to define a person with "loyalty and treachery".

After the destruction of Dongwu, senior officials in the Western Jin Dynasty satirized the surrender of Dongwu, a central official in the Western Jin Dynasty: "Look at your baiwenhang, it is strange that Dongwu will not perish if it falls into your hands."

As soon as this remark came out, the minister of Soochow immediately retorted mercilessly: "Who are you to laugh at us? Are you a natural loyal minister in the Western Jin Dynasty? Don't say it's you, even your son and grandson, I'm afraid I don't have the courage to say such shameless things! "

You see, it seems not easy to label others as loyal and treacherous.

In fact, at the turn of Wei and Jin Dynasties, some people supported Cao Shi and others supported Sima Jia. It doesn't matter who is noble or despicable. However, based on the logic of imperial politics, it is obvious that those who support Cao Zhi are morally noble and those who support Sima's family are morally despicable.

Why is this happening? The reason is also very simple: only by adhering to this logic can we realize what Qin Shihuang called "I, II, III, until eternity".

If limited to the logic of imperial politics, Sima Fu's loyalty or treachery can be summarized in one word. But the question is: As one of the great names of that era, how can Sima Fu be so simple?

If you really want to understand Sima Fu, you must interpret it from the perspective of interests, which imperial politics and traditional history books will not tell you. Listen to me slowly.

From beginning to end, Sima Fu has the strength to compete with Sima Yi.

As I said at the beginning, Sima Yi served as the fifth emperor of Wei, which shows that Sima Yi has always had the strength to compete with Sima Yi, at least on the surface.

After Cao Cao's death, Sima Fu took the lead to stand up and called on everyone to unite closely around Cao Pi, so the second generation of Cao Wei leading group was formally established.

When ministers first heard the news of the emperor's death, they gathered together and wept bitterly, but there was no reply. Fu snapped at the court: "Today, the world is shaking. Shouldn't I have worshipped my heirs earlier and went to Zhenhai, but I cried again? " Fu, Shangshu and his ministers reached an agreement to guard against guards and hold funerals. The prince was made Emperor Wen. -The Book of Jin, Volume 37, Biography 7

Before the change of Gao Pingling, the official of Sima Fu worshipped the official secretary, which was equivalent to the prime minister.

After that, except for the right servant of Shangshu, he entered Changpingge and moved to Shangshuling. -The Book of Jin, Volume 37, Biography 7

After the change of Gaoping Mausoleum, Sima Fu successively served as Sikong, Taiwei and Taifu, and reached the peak of officials.

Move the division and change the tomb to Qiu. He also defeated Jiang Weikou, the general of Shu, and Wang Jing, the secretariat, and sent Fuxi to guard Guanzhong and unify military power. Chen Tai, the general of the Western Expedition, and Wargo, the general of Anxi, attacked Wei and retreated Wei. Fu returned to Beijing and joined the teaching staff. -The Book of Jin, Volume 37, Biography 7

As long as we know the above historical facts, we can draw a conclusion that as long as the Sima Yi family (Sima Shi, Si Mazhao and Sima Yan) does not usurp the throne, the power of the Sima Yi family will never be smaller than that of the Sima Yi family.