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The Underground Cave was written between 1923 and 1924, that is, during Kafka's life in Berlin, that is, the last two years of Kafka's short life. On June 3, 2004, the writer died of a serious illness. The Underground Cave written in this period can be said to be the last novel.

Cave in the Ground takes the first person "I" as the narrative protagonist of the novel. "I" is an old animal. I built a cave and planned to spend the rest of my life in it. Kafka's novels often hide a symbolic system, and Crypt is no exception.

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It is not easy to build a tunnel, not only because of the particularity of the tunnel itself in engineering, but also because the underground tunnel obviously needs higher construction technology than other tunnels. And "I" can never be convinced of an idea for a long time, and one idea soon replaces another. Usually, a specific project will be put on hold while it is in progress and then restarted. This is a puzzling question.

Starting from a pit, the hole extending in all directions underground is like the root of an old tree, which is huge and complicated.

Burrow was built to protect itself, and the outside world is very dangerous. Burrow was built to isolate me from the outside world. Obviously, "I" is just a defensive citizen. "I am ready to give in to any serious attack." For this purpose, it is undoubtedly necessary to reduce the contact surface between the tunnel and the outside world. However, as readers can see, burrow spreads like a virus.

This seems to be a paradox. What is the real intention of this little thing?

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I am a weak person, so I always hesitate and have no confidence in anything. Many ideas come to mind, but they are in a hurry than passers-by. In the novel, I wrote a trip to confirm the safety of the entrance to the underground cave. This is a strange experience, the climax of the novel, and I came to the ground. However, this is not pleasant.

How to confirm the secrecy of the entrance and its possible protective effect? Of course, it is not impossible to observe outside for a few days, but it has a fatal flaw. How to get back to the hole? Obviously, it is very dangerous to enter from the entrance. If I can find someone I can trust, it will stay outside for me, observe the hole and be ready to send me a danger signal at any time. This is the best. But is it possible in reality? A person who stays outside, can I be trusted? Then the only thing I can do seems to be to build two entrances to underground caves and isolate them properly so that I can observe the other from one entrance.

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A strange little animal made a cave, which was made up of a large storage room composed of battlements and many tunnels to avoid the enemies outside. This is its hiding place. The logic thinks so. However, once the tunnel project started, this logic was overturned. Then it is constantly established and constantly overthrown. Every movement of small animals is contradictory. It runs back and forth like a pendulum, always in a state of anxiety.

The misfortune of a small animal has nothing to do with external threats. All contradictions and conflicts come from the heart and are determined by its natural unfortunate character. This personality defect directly led to the formation of caves. The functions of all the facilities in the cave are vague and difficult to understand.

Since a hole has been built, why does this little animal always want to escape? Even when building an isolated underground cave, this is a prerequisite? Is the danger in the cave much greater than the outside world? It found that the hole that was quiet on the surface was actually not quiet, and there was always some kind of noise making trouble. Noise is more prominent against the background of quiet surroundings, which indicates greater danger than the outside world. It hangs overhead all day and feels destructive. However, the original intention of such a hole is to avoid it, for safety. In order to achieve this goal, it has been constantly changing and improving its internal facilities. Although it has no effect at all, it can only continue.

Petty bourgeois scholars and young ladies

-Thoughts on reading Fortress Besieged

Fortress Besieged is an influential work of Qian Zhongshu, and it has also been made into a movie. Artists such as Chen, Ge You, etc. have successfully created various typical characters, which also gives us a deeper understanding of the war era filled with smoke and panic. I like this book very much. I have seen it no less than four or five times, especially the little people in it.

It can be said that Fang Hung-chien experienced a failed and interesting life, full of irresponsible promises and whimsy. He is a fake doctor, but he is deeply proud of other miscellaneous knowledge he has learned, but the most important thing is that he is a kind-hearted scholar. He is a sandwich between the upper and lower classes of society. High is low. You still have to entrust someone to find a job You don't know how to work hard, and you don't realize the true meaning of life and love. When he rushed to San Lv University with a fake degree, he didn't know what his life would be like. Especially when he realized that a colleague in his university actually had the same fake degree, he was even more amazed.

Family life is too fast for Fang Hung-chien. Miss Sun became his wife and had children, but the pressure of life suddenly increased in an inexplicable state. For this reason, Fang Hung-chien hesitated again and again, and the two began to quarrel. His wife also laughed at his incompetence. However, Fang Hung-chien, a little intellectual who was not middle class, thought of his wife, children, family and family at first. People always have to experience painful growth.

How do petty bourgeoisie men and women live in war-torn old China? What are their pursuits? The confusion of intellectuals does not only exist in a certain era in China. In fact, it has always existed in everyone with a little knowledge. The pursuit of reality and ideal state is always the truest in the middle class of society, and because they account for the largest proportion in society, no matter whether they are progressive or backward, let us pay tribute to those who work hard and still have ideals!

A few strokes can't describe the subtlety of Fortress Besieged. Different people have different opinions. I hope more readers can read more good books!

Incomplete Humanity —— Thoughts on Reading The True Story of Ah Q

After reading The True Story of Ah Q written by the famous writer Lu Xun, I found that Ah Q written by Lu Xun is a typical China person who has fallen in the traditional society. As Lu Xun said, the image of Ah Q has been in his mind for many years, but it just happened that he had a chance to publish it. Why did Lu Xun write this article? I think Lu Xun just wants to vent his views on human weakness! Therefore, Lu Xun wrote a bit ironically about the morbid society of China people and the goodness and ugliness of human nature. From this article, what I feel most is that Ah Q tramples on human rights and the "spiritual victory law" that he thinks he will always win the most. This feature can be clearly seen from the winning strategy and winning strategy in the article. This is really a bad idea, so I want to discuss it from these directions. The idea of spiritual victory method was invented by Ah Q after suffering various setbacks. To put it mildly, it is a spiritual victory. In fact, it is simply an ostrich mentality. When you encounter difficulties, you just go underground, which will not really solve the problem. It can only turn around and run. In today's society, if someone wants to survive by spiritual victory, I think it should be very difficult! Because it is impossible for a boss to use such employees, let alone have this mentality when working or studying again. I think people with this mentality will be miserable in the future, and even among their peers may be untenable. In the article, in order to reduce the oppression and humiliation given by external forces, Ah Q can only escape from reality through self-paralysis and self-deception. Because of this, Ah Q comforted himself with conceit, so he got deeper and deeper, which made Ah Q live in his own world. Perhaps the method of spiritual victory is a philosophy of life for the weak who lack self-confidence. They are obviously at a disadvantage, but because of various external losses, they can only use the method of spiritual victory to get spiritual comfort, but this is only a method of self-anesthesia, which will not make them better and stronger, so it can also be said that it is a manifestation of self-abandonment. I intend to discuss it from the perspective of human rights. Because of Ah Q's low social status, he is poor and can only make a living by selling his own labor. He wrote in the article, "If you do short-term work, you will cut wheat, and if you chop rice, you will punt." But Ah Q doesn't even have the basic right to exist. He doesn't have his own land or even a house to live in, so he has to stay for many years. As well as the ridicule and insults of the villagers, this phenomenon makes me feel very helpless. There seems to be a similar phenomenon in today's society. It seems that the rich are the boss in society, and the poor can only play as toys under the rich. Let's give a simple example. Everyone knows that the economy is depressed, but the tuition tax has been rising. I wonder if there are any consortia or senior government officials behind it. I always feel that the pressure of ordinary people is getting heavier and heavier, and there is no sense of human rights at all! The government should pay attention to these problems and stop making people's lives more difficult. Finally, I wrote the last paragraph. Although it may all be my personal opinion, these are some problems that I deeply realized after reading this book. Although the China people in Lu Xun's works are satirized as worthless, what Lu Xun wants to tell you should be, don't stand still, don't live in your own world, and don't be too selfish to others, otherwise you will never make progress.

I can't put down the book How Steel was Tempered. How admirable is Paul Kochakin's tenacious character! If you read this book, you will understand that people of steel quality are capitalized.

Paul's life is very bumpy. Even though he is blind, he insists on writing books, and he has no pity on himself. The book says: The manuscript he worked so hard to write was lost, which made him very depressed, but he picked himself up again and completed this masterpiece with tenacious perseverance. There is a famous saying in the book: "Human life is the most precious. When he looks back on the past, he shouldn't regret not doing anything ... "Paul is the embodiment of the strong.

Compared with Paul, think about yourself and feel a fever on your face. I remember that on the first day of this year, every household was immersed in the festive atmosphere, but my home was very deserted. Dad is busy at work and on a business trip, and mom is bedridden because of illness. Listening to the children's frolicking outside, my tears swirled in my eyes and rustled for a moment. When my mother saw me in tears, she pointed to the book beside my bed and said, "Jessica Hester Hsuan, have you finished reading the book How Steel was Tempered?" I looked through the book again and the image of Paul appeared again. Yes, I should be a strong person! I want to solve the problem for my family and decide to cook. Mom smiled all over her face, held my hand tightly and said, "You are really a man of indomitable spirit in our family!" " "I pointed to the book How Steel was Tempered and said," It taught me! "

Whenever I flinch from difficulties, whenever I cry in frustration, I will think of Paul's tall figure and try to turn myself into real steel!