How to raise a small Brazilian turtle?

(1) Brazilian turtles have the habit of sunbathing, but they can't bask for a long time. Outdoor turtle boxes cannot be placed in long-term direct sunlight, and shading facilities must be provided. If you raise turtles indoors, you can install an ultraviolet lamp 30 cm away from the turtle box and irradiate 15 to 20 minutes every day. Pay attention to the escape of turtles in the box, and it is best to add a net cover. In winter, the water temperature drops and makes it hibernate. If possible in summer, you can take the turtle out to bask in the sun during the day and bring it back at night.

(2) Farming should not be too intensive, and it should be graded according to size, and turtles will also eat the jungle. For example, a large number of soft-shelled turtles should be raised separately, generally 30 to 40, which is convenient for management and can promote growth.

(3) Turtles are omnivores, and most of the wild turtles in nature are carnivores. Raise small fish, shrimp, pig liver, red worms, cockroaches, etc. Feed raw materials should be put into water, but pebbles should not be put, so as to avoid feed rotting in the cracks of stones and affecting water quality.

(4) Keep the water clean and change the water frequently. In addition, the sand at the bottom is often cleaned. Avoid breeding of bacteria and pests.

4, the treatment of Brazilian tortoise eye disease.

The eye disease of Brazilian tortoise is called white eye disease, which is an infectious disease caused by water pollution. Take the turtle out of the water and put it in the shade to let the membrane flow out of its eyes. You can feed it some animal livers.

Use chloramphenicol or other anti-inflammatory eye drops 1-2 times a day, or use penicillin drugs 1-2 times, and feed 45,000 units per kilogram of turtle weight; Or dip a cotton swab or a new wool nib in the aqueous solution of 1% nitrofurazone or 1% Rafnuel, smear your eyes twice a day, and then put them in clean water. It can be cured in six days.

Breeding Brazilian tortoise

Generally, the larvae of the Brazilian tortoise can be kept in glass tanks, which are arranged in an amphibious way, and 2/3 of the tank area is water, 1/3 is land, which can be paved with pebbles and rockeries; You can also use a piece of glass to spread sand and grass on the 1/3 area divided by the cylinder. The stocking density should be 2 ~ 3 animals per square meter (the weight of female animals is 1000 ~ 1500g). If the individual's weight is large, the stocking density should be reduced accordingly. The ratio of female to male is 3: 1 or 4: 1.

The feed of the Brazilian tortoise can be animal feed such as fish, pork, animal viscera, worms, snails and blood worms (chironomid larvae), filariasis (water worms), Tenebrio molitor (bread worms), fly maggots, and plant feed such as vegetable leaves, rice, melons and fruits.

Although the Brazilian tortoise is an omnivore, it prefers animal food. Under the condition of artificial feeding, the internal organs of poultry, pigs and other animals, as well as maggots and breadworms, are the main ones. Properly mix fruits, vegetables and mixed feed to enhance nutrition in the body. In spring and autumn, vitamin E powder and antibiotics should be added to improve the pregnancy of soft-shelled turtles and enhance their physique. Regular, fixed-point and qualitative feeding should be done in daily feeding. Feeding time is usually in spring and autumn 10 ~ 14, and 7 ~ 9 o'clock in summer or 18 ~ 19. Whether the temperature is too high or too low, there is a phenomenon of eating less or not. The feeding place should be fixed, which is convenient for observing the eating and activities of turtles. When the feeding department feeds, healthy turtles can climb to the food table to feed. Those turtles who are slow to respond or don't eat should pay attention to observation, and those who are serious should be kept separately. The feed must be fresh and tasteless, and the leftovers should be washed first, and then the extra tendons, skins and other things should be removed to avoid indigestion.

Brazilian tortoise lives in water most of the time and likes to live in clear water. So the quality of water is very important. Pond culture should maintain the transparency of water, the water color should be light green, and the transparency should be 20 ~ 30 cm. The water level is moderate in spring and autumn, and deepened in summer and winter, which plays the role of cooling or heat preservation. In spring and autumn, a part of water is pumped every month, furazolidone and quicklime are sprinkled alternately at regular intervals, and then clear water is added. Change water every 10 ~ 15 days in summer: times. If the water color is brownish green or blue-green, it means that the water quality is too "fat" and all water should be changed in time. When raised in a cement pond, the water quality is easy to change, so it is necessary to change the water regularly, usually once a week 1 ~ 2 times from April to May, especially the tableware should be disinfected. From June to September, due to the high temperature, changing water should be carried out 3 to 4 hours after feeding. When hibernating in winter, you can change water less or not.

Tip before filling:

Many people have experience in raising turtles, but more than half of them are either dead or given away or released, which is not good for the environment and turtles. Therefore, I hope everyone will think twice before buying turtles to raise at home. The following are the key points. I hope everyone will think carefully before buying turtles, so as not to harm them and fill the pockets of businessmen.

1. Measure your economic ability (tortoise+equipment+feed+medicine).

2. Ask yourself how much you know about the turtle you want to raise (habits, whether it is to protect animals).

3. Whether there is enough space (calculate the size of the tortoise when it grows to the maximum).

4. Do you have patience and love to raise them?

It's best to find an expert as a consultant.

How to choose:

If you decide to buy one or several Brazilian turtles, the following characteristics will help you buy red or other varieties of colored turtles:

First, carefully observe the turtle you want to buy! Does it show a natural action of escape (as long as it is in the basin, escape is allowed)? When people approached the basin, did it try to dive and escape? Turtles with difficulty in swimming or diving, and those with blocked nostrils or swollen eyes are dying turtles. Don't buy them.

Second, the vast majority of healthy turtle shells are not injured, that is to say, the shell shape is even and normal, and there is no shortage of links. If it feels "soft" to touch the turtle shell, it is rickets. Although this defect can be saved to a limited extent, it carries an asymmetric carapace for life.

Third, please feed the turtle seller some feed. You should pay attention to which one or several of them are the first to eat, which can also judge their health. It is wise to be cautious about turtles that refuse to eat feed, because they are either sick or have not adapted to the new feed.

If you still like your favorite tortoise, you should also consider that these cute little guys will not be little guys forever, and they need more space in the future. If the conditions are better, it will grow quickly. Under your care, the length of the carapace will grow to 25 or 30 kilometers! A pair of adult red turtles need a swimming space of about 100 liters of water, and adult turtles no longer look so bright and green. But in the eyes of people who really love to keep colorful turtles, they will always be lovely. The "weak shell disease" caused by calcium deficiency and vitamin deficiency can press the nails on the back with your fingers, and even cause sunken pits. It is "rickets".

Water quality maintenance:

Although the Brazilian tortoise is the easiest and least picky aquarium animal to raise, it has one disadvantage: it excretes too quickly, and the temperature is high, and the rest of the feed is easy to rot, so the water always stinks. After only two days of changing the water, it became turbid soup, and even the Brazilian tortoise was almost invisible. This is because unicellular algae reproduce, the water is rich in nutrients, the temperature is suitable, and green algae reproduce very quickly.

Several experiments have tried to keep the pool water clear with chemicals, but the effect is not ideal. CHlNOSOL (one gram to thirty liters of water) can keep the water clear and odorless for a week, but the crumbs and rotten feces stirred up by turtles make the water dirtier. Whether the Brazilian tortoise living in this water for a long time is harmful to coliform bacteria is inconclusive, and whether this water containing chemicals will harm the internal organs of animals is uncertain, so it is best not to use chemicals.

The easiest way is to change the water completely. After feeding for four hours, drain, pump out and dump the old dirty water. Then scrub the wall and bottom of the container with a medium hardness brush and clean water. When cleaning, put the Brazilian tortoise in a plastic basin or on the land in Chi Pan-of course, it can't run away. Before putting the turtle back into the water, inject clean water with proper temperature.

Some species of swamp turtles or water turtles can't fully adapt to changing water, but Brazilian turtles will soon get used to this practice and its interference. Completely changing water still has disadvantages. Second, it will induce the colorful turtle to speed up the excretion of feces in the intestine and make the newly changed water dirty again. Therefore, it is best to check the incubator (pool) and remove the feces shortly after changing the water.

The need for light:

Many turtles need to bask in the sun, just like some Brazilian turtles released in the pool. They can often be seen stretching out their limbs and closing their eyes in the hot sun. Sunbathing can kill some bacteria on the turtle shell, prevent the turtle shell from becoming soft and brittle, and keep warm. These functions mainly need ultraviolet rays, and the ultraviolet green in sunlight is very important to turtles. So, when you want turtles to enjoy the warm sunshine, don't just let them stay in the water, try not to be separated from the glass, because ultraviolet green is easily blocked. If you are afraid of drying out because you have forgotten to take it back for too long, you can set up a semi-water place and let them be completely exposed to the sun or soaked in water. It is best to let it bask in the sun for one or two hours every day, and brush the turtle's back regularly with a soft toothbrush to remove parasites.

Feeding of young turtles:

Young Brazilian tortoises can be kept in flat-bottomed containers without any difficulty. Plastic pots, plastic cans or boxes and aquariums are all suitable, and the water should not be too deep. Commercial flat plastic cans with an island and plastic coconut trees in the middle are the least suitable because (1) is too small. (2) The electric heater cannot be installed. (3) Misleading users to regard the island as a foraging place. Because the Brazilian tortoise is completely foraging in the water, the result may be that the island is full of feed, while the Brazilian tortoise is starving.

An ideal nursery must have some specific minimum elements. Each young turtle should have five liters of water, and the water depth should not exceed the length of the turtle, so that the turtle can support its feet when breathing on the water. At the same time, we must also build an island for them with bricks and stones. Floating islands are not suitable, because young turtles often can't climb up and waste energy. On the other hand, we should also pay attention to islands and decorations not to become dangerous obstacles, which will jam the turtle and drown it.

The water temperature that young turtles can adapt to is about 25 degrees Celsius. When it is cold, the air above the container should also be heated. Adding a cover lamp to the breeding box can kill two birds with one stone. If the water temperature is still too low, you can add an electric heating tube to the water-the temperature can be adjusted as much as possible. If you buy an electric heating tube with high heat energy (100 to 150 watts) now, a bigger Brazilian turtle will be enough to cope with a bigger sink. The electric heating pipes sold in aquarium stores should be placed underwater, and it should be noted that the electric heater and power cord will not get stuck on the Brazilian turtle.

For Brazilian turtles, direct exposure to the sun is particularly important. The incubator can be placed on the balcony or windowsill. If this is not possible, young turtles should be exposed to ultraviolet rays once or twice a week for about three to five minutes each time. The ultraviolet lamp should not be too close to the Brazilian tortoise, so as to avoid injury caused by too strong light. It is best to irradiate with sunlight, but be careful not to filter out the required ultraviolet rays from the container glass. Little turtles can be kept on the balcony all summer. In order to prevent birds from taking it away, you can cover the box with a net. It is absolutely necessary to prevent the Brazilian tortoise from climbing out of the feeding box, otherwise you will find the wiring of the mummy electric heater under the bed or in a corner, or even a bridge for the Brazilian tortoise to escape, because the Brazilian tortoise's "climbing" skills are very clever.

It doesn't matter if algae (moss) grows on the culture box, but you can't make the water in the box stink. It is very important to change water regularly, otherwise, due to the high temperature, excrement and leftover feed in the water, young turtles will live in a pool of smelly water, which will promote the growth of germs, so change water at least once a week.

Breeding of adult turtles:

Adult turtles need a much larger incubator so that they have enough room to move. In order to create an ideal environment, a pair of adult Brazilian turtles need at least 100 liter of water.

The size of the breeding box will make Brazilian tortoises fat and dull quickly. If it falls into the water on all fours, it will drown because it can't turn over.

There are also cases where the turtle shell is stunted due to the size of the culture container. Large plastic pots, aquariums or wooden boxes covered with plastic sheets can all be used as turtle tanks. The water tank with drain hole is the most convenient, because it is easy to change water and it is often cleaned. If the cement tank is new, for the sake of caution, it can be coated with safety paint or thoroughly cleaned for many times to prevent harmful substances from seeping out of the cement and entering the animal body after dissolving in water. There must be a fixed (non-floating) "island" in the sink, which can also be hung up, and it is easy for turtles to climb up. You can use wooden boards or plastic boards, and you can also use bread artificial turf or brown mats. Or put stones or sand in a plastic basin and hang them in the trough as "ground".

Part of the land or island in the trough can be filled with soil, peat or sand, and this part will be heated up every few days. The eggs laid by female turtles in this land have the best chance to hatch, and it is best to illuminate this land with light (when it is cold). It is best not to use sand or stones to assist in the bottom of the tank, because it will increase the difficulty of changing water and cleaning. In addition to changing water frequently (changing water every day if necessary), adding filtration equipment can remove suspended solids from water. Because the dissolved substances in water have a great influence on the health of soft-shelled turtle, filtering equipment can not completely replace changing water.

In order to make the water temperature in the culture tank reach the temperature that the Brazilian turtle likes, the electric heating tube used in the aquarium should be used, and the equipment and lines should be prevented from blocking the Brazilian turtle. An electric blanket can also be placed at the bottom outside the breeding box, and the electric blanket is padded with synthetic resin rubber as insulation material. However, the water temperature should not be higher than the outdoor temperature (about 25 to 30 degrees Celsius), so as to avoid the Brazilian tortoise catching cold. On land, colorful turtles also need warm places, because they are warm animals, and they need sunlight to reach proper body temperature. If there is not enough sunshine on the balcony or in the open air, the land part should be heated by lampblack machine lamps. Colored turtles raised indoors or in places with insufficient sunshine lack ultraviolet rays, so they should be irradiated with ultraviolet lamps two or three times a week for five minutes each time. This kind of lamp tube is best installed on the lid of the culture tank.