Is the caller also a punctuation mark in classical Chinese?

1. "Zhe Zhe Ya" is a punctuation mark used to break sentences.

Pinyin zh zh zh y

Note: These four words are all function words in classical Chinese, and satirists like to gnaw at words. Also describe words or articles that are not written in vain.

Source: Wen Song's Shan Ye Record: "What's the matter? How can it help? "

Example: When talking to people, he is always full of big talk, which makes people half understand.

Synonym: how about speaking like a book?

Antonym: Is it true?

Two-part allegorical saying: Confucius gives lectures

Grammar: as subject and object; Refers to an old pedant

Idiom story: Zhao Kuangyin, the founding emperor of the Song Dynasty, came to the door of Suzaku, looked up and saw the words "Suzaku Gate" written on the door. He asked Zhao Pu, the minister around him, why he added the word "zhi". Zhao Pu told him that the word "zhi" as an auxiliary word made it four auspicious words. Hearing this, Zhao Kuangyin laughed and said, "Does even these empty words help?"

2. "Zhezheye" is a punctuation mark used to break sentences. Zhezhe is also a pinyin: zhīh zhīyī Explanation: These four words are all function words in classical Chinese, and satirists like to gnaw words.

Also describe words or articles that are not written in vain. Source: Wen Song's Shan Ye Record: "What's the matter? How can it help? " Example: When talking to people, he is always full of big talk, which makes people half understand.

Synonym: speaking like a book, how is it also an antonym: ok? Two-part allegorical saying: Confucius speaks grammar: as subject and object; Refer to the old pedant idiom story: Zhao Kuangyin, the founding emperor of the Song Dynasty, came to the door of Suzaku, looked up and saw the word "Suzaku Gate" written on the door, and asked Zhao Pu, the minister around him, why the word "Zhi" was added. Zhao Pu told him to use the word "zhi" as an auxiliary word and make it into four auspicious words. Hearing this, Zhao Kuangyin laughed and said, "Does even these empty words help?" .

3. Why is there no punctuation in China's classical Chinese? Let's complain: Who asked such a painful and tiring question? It is easy to ask, but it is fatal to prove.

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The following is the official answer:

First of all, there are punctuation marks in ancient Chinese, such as:

In the Spring and Autumn Period, the Book of Houmameng used one or two short lines to indicate punctuation.

The short horizontal line circled by the red circle above is punctuation.

Lao Zi, a silk book written by Han Ma Wang Dun;

Punctuations are marked with blue circles. At this time, the punctuation system becomes more complicated. In addition to the single and double short horizontal lines in front, there are corner symbols, triangle symbols, point symbols, box symbols and so on. They are also used differently.

Lu Deming's classic interpretation of the Tang Dynasty (the picture shows the Song Dynasty engraving);

The pause and period here basically took the present form.

Notes on Shang Shu Biao in Song Dynasty

In the book, figures such as circle, square, black triangle, flat bar and semicircle are used as punctuation marks.

Criminal record of Ming dynasty

Punctuation is similar to classical interpretation, which is basically a pause and a period. In addition, circles are also used as bullets.

Yongle ceremony in Ming dynasty;

Only one period (circle) is used as punctuation, and the little red circle in the picture is it.

In addition, there are punctuation methods without symbols in classical Chinese, such as:

Punctuation with spaces: Punctuate with spaces, such as Huayang Record in Song Dynasty;

Punctuation: Punctuation is used as punctuation, that is, punctuation is made at the place of the whole sentence, such as Selected Works of Notes by Liu Chen of Song Dynasty.

Punctuation of Chinese characters: punctuation is based on Chinese characters such as "sentence" and "reading", that is, the word "sentence" or "reading" is added after each sentence, such as the interpretation of "Reading Four Books and Sentences" in Qing Dynasty.

Of course, there were a lot of books without punctuation in ancient times. For these books, punctuation is usually expressed in a specific way. For example, in poetry, repetitive forms and neat sentences are used, and in Sao, "Xi" is used to indicate the end of a sentence. In addition, Teacher Fan Yanting has given a detailed explanation, so I won't go into details here. Note that these are not only the methods of clause, but also the problems that must be paid attention to when writing articles. "Wen Xin Diao Zhang Long Sentence" talks about the problem of using function words to help readers break sentences when writing articles: "The poet used the word" Xi "in the sentence limit, and the word" Chu Ci "to make a sentence. Looking for the word Xi is a sentence, but language helps the rest of the sound. Shun Yong's "South Wind" has been used for a long time, but Wu Weihao is useless, isn't it? As for "My husband only covers the old", it is the first song of the originator; It is the old tune of Zagreb's sentence "well-founded"; Those who are "excellent" also have to attend the last regular class. According to things like leisure, I am really cutting. Lucky, sewing style, can make a few sentences, a life-saving word. Foreign words are difficult to understand and the situation is embarrassing. "

Of course, these methods still can't solve all the problems, so there are many unsolved cases in ancient China, such as the first sentence of Zi Han in The Analects of Confucius:

Should "Zi Han talks about benefiting life and benevolence" do: "Zi Han talks about benefiting life and benevolence." Or "the son is poor in words." With life and love. "People always put forward different explanations. When encountering these problems, we need to refer to some notes, cooperate with the basic skills of primary schools, and carefully identify them in order to understand their original intention.

In fact, you should be able to see that there were many books with punctuation marks in ancient China, not just those without punctuation marks. The problem is that the punctuation system is not uniform. Almost every family uses a system. You use a circle, I use a circle. You use solid, I use hollow. You mark it on the left side of the text, and I mark it under the text ... Like other kinds of knowledge, the problem is that there is no system. There is no system, so it can't circulate, and then it's gone.

4. Why didn't China's classical Chinese have punctuation marks in ancient books and articles? Although there are no punctuation marks, there is a "jv bucket". When a private school teacher teaches students, he breaks sentences with a red pen. After the students' level is improved, they can read through the article without reading sentence by sentence. Generally, people with a little culture have gradually adapted to this kind of reading. Even so, it did not affect the development of ancient culture, but was not conducive to popularization. For example, the article uses function words in classical Chinese to break sentences at the end of each sentence; Parallel prose relies on antithesis to break sentences; The rhyme of poetry depends on the rhyme and music at that time.

Before reading different versions of Tao Te Ching and other classic works, there were different sentence-breaking problems. At first, I didn't understand why this happened. Now I finally understand that ancient prose is the end, without punctuation. Note that it's not nothing, but nothing. "No" and "without it" are two different things. Why not? Because once the article is circled, the literary spirit is broken, just like the gas of the triple energizer is smooth, and it stops when it is broken. The article is alive, with eyes and breath. When the breath is broken, the meaning of the article becomes stiff and the article dies. You will never get tired of reading the Analects of Confucius all your life. Read it once a year and have an understanding every year. Every time I watch it, I have an experience every time. I read a sentence, and the whole meaning changes greatly, so I can't die.

The basic principle of sentence reading is "language is absolutely a sentence, and language is reading." The place where the tone ends is "sentence", marked with a circle, and the unfinished sentence is called "reading" and marked with a dot. The ancients often used the word "Excellence" to praise the achievements of a historical figure.

Reading wrong sentences often leads to jokes and ambiguity. For example, in the Confucius movement, the phrase "people can make it, but they don't know it" in The Analects of Confucius is often used to say that Confucius helped autocratic emperors and pursued the policy of ignorance. I also took Laozi to accompany me, because there is a saying in Laozi that "there is an empty heart, but there is a belly"; Weak knowledge, strong bones and muscles. "

Confucius was a great educator, and it was he who pushed education from the palace of nobility to the people, which led to social education in later generations, which was a great contribution of Confucius. Confucius didn't teach any class, he wanted to teach everyone. If he wants to be a "fool", who will he teach? It doesn't make sense.

But why is there such a misunderstanding? This sentence is wrong. Confucius means: the people can make it go with the flow; Don't do it, you know. Ordinary people understand the truth and let them go. Politicians should not go looking for trouble. If ordinary people don't understand reason, they should be educated, which is the responsibility of politicians. In the same way, children are obedient and parents should not be picky; If the child is disobedient, parents should educate him well.

5. How to use punctuation marks in classical Chinese How to mark punctuation marks in classical Chinese 1. Literacy is the premise of punctuation in ancient Chinese. For example:

After two dollars, you can get the medicine. Five or six years old, close to China's life is sick. (Biography of Three Kingdoms Hua Tuo, China 1959)

After the reunion of the two dollars, the medicine will be ready. When I was five or six years old, my relatives got sick. (Hua Tuo) If you mix two dollars, you can get medicine for people aged five or six.

2. Familiar with the morphology and syntax of classical Chinese. For example:

The stairs are burning. My son retired from North Korea. Say, "Does it hurt?" Ask the horse. The stairs are burning. My son retired from North Korea. Say, "Does it hurt?" Don't ask the horse. The stairs are burning. My son retired from North Korea. Say, "Does it hurt?" "No." Ask the horse. Stables burn the son to retreat from the DPRK, saying that it hurts people and doesn't ask the horse ("The Analects of Confucius, Difficult Times, Emerging")

3. Master enough knowledge of ancient culture. For example:

Historical records, official books, clouds. Morning glory is a sacrifice. Its north river drum. Hegu is a big star. Around the admiral. About the general. (Hu Zai's "Tiaoxi Fishing in Conghua", Business "Wan You Library")

According to official records, "Petunia is a sacrifice, and its north river drum. The river drum and the big star will be around. " Left and right, general (ditto, People's Literature 1962)

Zhang Shoujie's "Justice": "The river drum is three stars, the morning glory is in the north, and the main drum is small. General Gatianzi III: Central Star, General; Its south left star, left general; Its north right star, right general. Therefore, it is difficult to prepare the beam. "

"Historical Records Tianguanshu" says: "Petunia is a sacrifice, and its north river drum. River drum, big star, general; Left and right, left and right. "

4. Make full use of function words in classical Chinese. For example:

Today, I'm going to talk about words and poems written by servants. Talk to my husband about having to adopt; The song of hitting the iron shaft is elegant; Ordinary people's thoughts are not easily abandoned. (Book by Cao Zhi and Yang Xiushu, Selected Works of Chinese Literature 1977)

Today, the words and fu written by servants and young people are in harmony. Cardiff Street talks about lanes, which must be adopted; The song of hitting the iron shaft is elegant; Ordinary people's thoughts are not easily abandoned.

Today, I went to Fu Shaoxiao's Ci and chatted with Fu Jie, saying that there must be a song to strike while the iron is hot. It is not easy to give up the idea of elegance and refinement.