Summary of the basic knowledge of metonymy in junior high school Chinese

Meony, as the name suggests, is to borrow one thing to replace another thing, so it is mostly a noun.

There are many methods of borrowing, the main ones are as follows:

Replace the whole with a part

That is, use the representative part of the thing to replace the ontological thing.

For example: The green mountains on both sides of the strait stand out from each other, and the lone sail comes from the sun. ("Looking at Tianmen Mountain")

Use part of the sail of the ship to replace the ship.

Characteristics instead of ontology

That is, using the characteristics and signs of borrowed entities (people or things) to replace the names of ontological things.

For example: One hundred thousand banners kill Yama. ("Meiling Three Chapters")

It is the ontology of the flag generation, using the flag to replace the army or armed force.

Concrete generation abstract

For example: 1. The war in the South has been going on for ten years. ("Meiling Three Chapters")

The beacon smoke in Example 1 was originally the fireworks used to sound the alarm on the ancient border. It here refers to war, and the abstract concept of war is made concrete and visual.

Tools on behalf of the body

For example: 1. By the time Jingzhe plows the soil, eight out of ten households have already laid out their hoardings and cannot open the pot. ("Yu Qian Rice")

In Example 1, the hoard is a tool for storing food. The bottom of the hoard is open to indicate the lack of food; the pot is a cooking tool, and the pot cannot be opened to indicate that there is no food to eat.

Replacing a proper name with a general name

Replacing the name of the original thing with the specific name of a typical person or thing.

For example: 1. If you kill one Li Gongpu, millions of Li Gongpu will stand up! ("The Last Speech")

The second Li Gongpu in Example 1 refers to people who are not afraid of bloodshed and sacrifice and fight for democracy and peace.

Substituting results for causes

For example: making people laugh

Funny means holding one’s belly, and the reason for making one laugh is that there is a joke or something that makes people laugh. Replace reasons for laughter, such as jokes, with hilarious results.

Summary: In layman's terms, metonymy is a rhetorical method that does not directly state the person or thing to be expressed when speaking or writing, but instead borrows people or things closely related to it.