Who is Liu Yaojia?

Liu Yaojia

Two days ago, I was reading "Shanxi Radio and Television News" and someone wrote an article called "The Sour Taiyuan Dialect". Although it is short, you can already feel some sourness when reading it. Sour taste. As we all know, Shanxi mature vinegar is produced in Qingxu. Outsiders say that people in Qingxu are as jealous as drinking. This is a bit exaggerated, but most people in Qingxu cannot do without vinegar no matter what they eat. If you think about it carefully, the words of this jealous Qingxu person can really make people bitter.

Shanxi dialect belongs to the northern dialect area of ??North China. Although it has the same characteristics of melodious tones, ups and downs, and beautiful drawl, it also has "different pronunciation from ten miles away and eight towns." The Qingxu dialect is closest to the Jinzhong dialect, but Qingxu is the merger of the original Qingyuan County and Xugou County, so the Qingxu dialect is also divided into Hedong and Hexi regions. What I am talking about here is mainly the Qingyuan dialect west of Fenhe River. In Qingyuan dialect alone, different villages have different pronunciations and usages of individual characters, words, and sentences. For example, most villages in Liudu Township are very confused about the pronunciation of hong (hong), wind (feng), and flying (fei), and will pronounce "pink phoenix flying" as "coaxing red and coaxing yellow and gray". For example, Dong Some people in Yu use "root" as the quantifier for everything, saying that "a person" is "a person" and "a portion of rice" is "a rice", which sounds quite humorous. The reason why Qingxu speaks sourly is mainly determined by two characteristics.

Feature 1: Words are often added with suffixes, mostly with the sound of "er" and the use of "duplicate words". Those with the sound "er" added include: cow, horse, pig, dog, pot, knife, case, soup ladle (spoon), pot lid, broom, tree, flower, Tao'er, Xing'er... are mainly used after nouns. There are more overlapping words with noun suffixes, such as: bamboo pole, teapot, school bag, wooden board, pin, shoe (hai) brush, getaitai, shoe (hai) belt, door some (threshold) , cigarette butts, rubber bands, paper strips, car frames, twists and turns, roasting fire, dry steamed buns, buckets, peeling skins, vegetable gangs, alley entrances, drawers, armrests, Gechacha, cigarette ashes Urn, broom handle, eye socket, tip of nose, finger, basin, buckle, knife, clip, table, stool, cave, doudou, dot, tube, tube... and so on Some noun superposition suffixes are used as adjectives, mainly referring to some colors, such as: black gallbladder, red gallbladder, black hole, red bald, yellow pure, green shadow, blue yingying, bright tower, etc. Just reading these words above, I think we people in Qingxu will feel that Qingxu’s words are sour.

Feature 2: Qingxu dialect, like many Shanxi dialects, continues to mutate under the influence of external conditions, but it also retains many ancient Chinese vocabulary. Such as: He: means to move and bear;

Ladle: means to hold;

I: that is "I", the first person;

Bad water : refers to dirty water;

Guoshu: refers to housing;

Qipan: means poor;

Wugang: refers to a place; etc.

There are also some, I am not sure, they may be purely ancient dialects, such as:

Eat mother-in-law: refers to marrying a daughter-in-law;

Shangshiban : Refers to attending a wedding or funeral;

Daily coaxing: deceiving;

Yangji: asking others for forgiveness;

Jiaji: referring to thinking about someone.

These two characteristics, coupled with the fact that Qingxu speaks very quickly, are really difficult for outsiders to understand. Suddenly, a girl from Qingxu said in an emotional and mellow voice: "Well, you also Ignore us, keep your face in the dark every day, scold people when you are angry, make people happy when you are happy, and say that we are flirtatious, we are quick "I'm so scared!" Doesn't it sound like Wu Nong's soft words? It’s weird if you’re not dizzy, and it’s weird if you’re not sore!

Some classmates and friends from other places asked me to learn Qingxu dialect, so I taught them to say "一pluck (ba)bai (bia)cai" (a piece of cabbage) first, and then "eight hundred" after learning it. (bia) eighty-eight pull (ba) white (bia) cabbage" (eight hundred and eighty-eight cabbage trees), they were speechless and couldn't go on, so they simply learned a few swear words to get rid of the problem. The most common curse word in Qingxu is probably "Nai Gelan".

The explanation of "Gelan" in "The Sour Taiyuan Dialect" is "a dirty word, meaning that farmers are not polite", but I think that the original meaning of "Gelan" is something like "stick", used as a curse. The word refers to the male genitals. Because although curse words have special local characteristics, no matter where they are, swear words will be associated with reproductive organs. "Nai Gelan" is the most frequently used word in Qingxu swear words, and it has become a mantra for many men. I also heard a joke about "Nai Gelan": A certain Xu of the Qing Dynasty was on a business trip to buy shoes. The waiter gave him a pair, tried it on his feet, and inadvertently said: "Nai Gelan, little one!" The waiter listened. When he arrived, he looked excited: "Naikolan, you are also Qingxu!" It seems that this swearing has the effect of recognizing fellow villagers.

After all, I just use some superficial things to make everyone laugh. Dialect is actually a culture that is both old and new, constantly mutating and assimilating. Nowadays, many words commonly used by the elderly are no longer used by young people, and are replaced by "handsome, cool, and wow". But after all, dialects are the accumulation of culture and customs of the people in a region. If they are not excavated, they will disappear. I hope that knowledgeable people in Qingxu can study and compile Qingxu dialects into a volume, leaving a valuable legacy for future generations. of wealth.

As for friends from other places who really want to know how to pickle (bia) vegetables in Qingxu dialect, they should first practice "eight hundred (bia) eighty-eight pull (ba) white (bia) vegetables". After passing the "Qingxu dialect" "Xu Hua CET-4 exam" Let's talk about it again, maybe your front teeth will be sore by then.