What are the unique customs in Shangzhou?

In the old days of respecting teachers in Shangzhou, although the local people in Shangzhou did not regard teachers as gods like clients, the custom of respecting teachers was also very particular, and some regulations continued to the present age. In the past, there were few government-run schools, and they were generally private schools. Establish a private school with local bigwigs as directors. After the school is confirmed, please ask Mr. Wang. In the old days, those who practiced medicine in rural areas of Shangzhou were called Dr. Doctor, those who looked at geomantic omen were called Mr. Yin and Yang, and those who taught were called Mr. Teaching. The teacher who teaches is the most respected among teachers. Because teachers can often see a doctor and know Feng Shui, there is a saying that "a scholar learns Yin and Yang, but it will be silent after a while". Please come here, sir. Students should first kowtow to the memorial tablet of Dacheng sage Confucius, and then bow down to Mr. Wang ... Parents begged Mr. Wang to give the doll a scientific name. The scientific names given by Mr. Wang are also called official numbers and official names, which are often lifelong. Students will give presents to their husbands at 4: 08. In particular, sending zongzi on Dragon Boat Festival in May and moon cakes on August 15th can not be ignored. Usually also send food, firewood, fruits and vegetables. In some places, Mr. Wang is invited to dinner in turn. The time is mostly in summer and autumn, so Mr. Wang and his family are invited to taste new dishes together. If there is a wedding, Mr. Wang must be invited to sit on the table. During the dinner, the first sentence of "annoying" was Mr., and then my relatives and friends. It can be seen that Mr. Wang's lofty position in the eyes of the people. The theory of being a teacher for a day and being a father for life is generalized, but it refers to teachers. Although the times have progressed, people's consciousness has been updated, and the habit of respecting teachers and attaching importance to teaching seems to be increasing in Shangzhou, but the situation is different. For example, on Teachers' Day, officials and people should give their teachers some sympathy and congratulations. Students are admitted to colleges and universities, and parents should come to thank them and so on. Because the state attaches importance to education and advocates respecting teachers and stressing morality, the prestige of teachers among the masses is constantly improving. Respecting your grandparents means respecting your ancestors. Grandparents are also called family gods, ancestors and grandmothers. In the old society, the local people in Shangzhou, rich or poor, were attached to their grandmothers, but they were different in size. Generally rectangular, there are couplets on both sides, with the top facing the brain and the middle called the body. In the middle of my body, it says "X's ancestors tested the Lord God" or so, and it says "Great-great-grandfather test" symmetrically, and Great-great-grandfather showed the test. Most of the couplets are: "Zu Gong Yi Mo Yuan/Ji Zi offered sacrifices to the monarch, Yi Jun Zude/Man Ting was spring", or a specific "Zu Ju××× Jia Unity/Historical Records offered sacrifices to the monarch;" Generally speaking, the brain is a link between the past and the future, passed down from generation to generation, cultivated and read, or a specific family. For example, the Zhang family's surname is 100 people's hall, and the writer Shao Bairen. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the ancestor was gradually replaced by the statue of Chairman Mao. Some are juxtaposed with grandparents or posted up and down. In the past, some rich people wrote in clay gold, glittering and resplendent, and put them in the woodcarving grandfather building (shrine), resplendent and elegant. Plutocratic family has ancestral temples dedicated to ancestors, commonly known as family temples. Generally, there are painted master axes painted by painters. Generally, grandfather axes are the size of a room, with images of ancestors painted on them, and the boundary mark × the name of ancestors is taboo. People with official positions and fame should be specially marked to show their brilliance and glory to future generations. Below is the memorial tablet, only the name of the deceased is written. Grandpa's shaft is usually rolled up, packed in a long wooden tube, placed in the homes of people who take turns to celebrate the holidays, and hung at home in spring. On New Year's Eve and the first day of the first month, people will come to kowtow to their ancestors. Three years after the death of an old man in the family, grandparents should write in blue paper and white to express their condolences. A son-in-law with a foreign surname adopts a stepson, and a grandparent often writes two surnames. Customers living in business respect heaven and earth, not their grandparents. The so-called heaven and earth are actually books on red paper, and the "God of heaven and earth" has a wide range. Parents are ancestors, and grandmothers are among them. The Chinese nation has emphasized filial piety since ancient times, which is regarded as one of the traditional virtues. Simple Shangzhou people respect their ancestors. Therefore, respecting the old and loving the young can not be simply regarded as superstition, but not forgetting one's own roots, so the custom of respecting the old and loving the young in rural areas has revived in recent years. In the twelfth lunar month, there is also a bitmap or color printing of Jingzu brand in the town. Some are decorated with colored light bulbs. It seems that with the development of society, the respect for ancestors has also been modernized. The so-called land god is the land god. Before liberation, almost every village in Shangzhou had Zhuanggougou Land Temple. Earth temples are generally small, even as small as sedan chairs, and some are built in small holes in small earth kilns. Because the land god is a grassroots cadre, it is generally similar to the position of village head and group leader. Although the official is not big, but the prestige is extremely high. He is especially respected because he keeps one side safe and has abundant crops. Anyone who breaks ground should thank him. He built roads and bridges, dug ditches and dug pits, and signed a letter to the land god after the completion. In the old society, puppets were usually sung and movies were shown to them after liberation. Most of them also thank their neighbors. The host family should entertain guests, and relatives and friends should give gifts. On the one hand, people fear the land god, on the other hand, they tell stories and make up songs to satirize and laugh at him. It has been circulating in the vast rural areas of Shangzhou for a long time: "The land god, the land god, has a spinal sac of 90 pounds. I haven't eaten for three days. I'm so hungry that I've lost two and a half pieces. " "The original name of this land is Zhang, and the temple was built on the beam. It is inconvenient to come and go, and the birds are polished. " And other folk songs, as well as the legend that the land god peeked at Chang 'e taking a bath and her hair was caught in a crack in the rock. The folk in Shangzhou, especially in mountainous areas, generally have the custom of worshipping trees and worshipping gods, which has become the sustenance of people's hopes. After liberation, it experienced many movements, but it was not completely extinct. The worship of gods in Shangzhou is very extensive, and everything in the world seems to have gods. In terms of materiality, the worship of tree gods among the people in Shangzhou may be different from other places. Tree gods are mostly tall and ancient trees. People think that trees grow for a long time and have aura. Such a big tree, called pine, cypress, locust and so on, is actually not the big tree itself, but it is rumored that there are some immortals on the tree. Once the rumor spreads, there are good men and women who burn incense and kowtow to pray for refuge and fear of illness. On the HongLing, eulogies such as "Do as you please", "Sure enough", "Bless one side" and "Miraculous" are hung on the tree. In recent years, there are also glass plaques and banners. In addition to providing food, some people put money into charity. Once a tree is regarded as a tree god or immortal, it will be specially protected and sacred, and even the birds on the tree can't scream casually. People cannot climb trees or damage branches and leaves. If you have to cut it, you must first pray for an apology and send God away. There are many stories about tree gods' retribution in the countryside, which are actually either accidental coincidence or shocking. There are many absurd legends about the old locust tree in the south street of Shangzhou. It can be seen that we still have to make great efforts to get rid of superstition, advocate science and build spiritual civilization. In the past, the water conservancy facilities in Shangzhou were all over the house, and most farmers did not have the habit of diverting water for irrigation. Whenever it doesn't rain for a long time, they just pray for rain. Therefore, the custom of praying for rain came into being. There are many rules for asking for rain. There are roughly five procedures: asking for water, welcoming water, tying the altar, swimming, and thanking for falling. Ask for water: wear a cypress-yellow triangular hat watch on several old people's heads and hang a water hyacinth or a small pot to ask God for water; Meet the water: After the water bearer leaves the temple, he kneels for rain and supports local men, women and children to hold pennants and beat drums to meet him. Words such as "fine weather", "responsive", "autumn rain" and "watertight" are generally written on the national flag, and straw hats are not allowed on hot days. The grand occasion is unprecedented and quite spectacular. Rest on the road and send meals and tea to the nearby people; Tie the altar: after the water recedes, put the holy water in the pine and cypress shed, and have someone to watch it until it rains; Swimming: If it happens to rain after asking for rain, the person who asks for rain will praise his achievements and thank him deeply. Organize the masses to March with gongs and drums, hold high holy water, and some will March for twenty or thirty miles. People often hold a special thick whip, wear a yellow hat ring and shake their heads before dancing, which is called "girl". Girls often quarrel and rampage, which makes people afraid and avoids wherever they go; Xie Qiang: This is a deeper reward. After the rain falls, you should sing a big play in the same year or the next year to thank God. It usually takes two days and three nights to sing. This is called a play. At this point, praying for rain is a complete end. The custom of praying for rain has a long history, and there are many records in ancient poetry. Li Yue, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a seven-line poem. The poem says: "Sang Wu has no leaves, and the earth produces smoke, and the flute pipe welcomes the Longshui Temple. Seeing Zhumen singing and dancing, I am afraid that the sound of spring will swallow the strings. " It can be seen that praying for rain in the Tang Dynasty is more grand than in modern times, and fine music is also played. At the same time, it can be seen that in feudal society, bureaucrats not only did not care about the sufferings of the people, but also feared that their musical instruments would be wet because of the rain. This can be said that people are worried about drought and see people praying for rain. Now it seems that begging for rain is just a feudal superstitious activity. Without science, we can only express people's mood of praying for rain and looking forward to it. Suppression, also called pendulum rule, is actually suppression, which led to long-term feudal rule in the old society, ignorance and superstition of ghosts and gods among the masses, and lack of medical care and medicine among the people, resulting in various customs of fearing diseases and eliminating disasters, which should actually belong to various psychotherapy. More common ones are: send: if there is a patient at home or something happens, I think it is a ghost, go to the north and show a blank sheet of paper. At night, in the dead of night, call for melting in the direction of recognition and pray for staying away. Call: There are patients at home, especially children who are sick or naughty, so they think they have lost their souls somewhere, especially after someone is frightened, and their families call all the way at night: "Come back!" The person who followed closely replied, "Come back!" Usually called seven-day company. X: Generally, enamel bowls are filled with salt and flour, wrapped in red cloth and hung on the patient's head. Once you find that the salt and noodles in the bowl are reduced, you think that your soul has recovered. It is caused by the inclination of solids on the circumference. Liao: This is a tough way to deal with the so-called cross-dead ghost. That is, a circle of lighted yellow watch or white paper is wrapped around the patient's head, and curses and threats are read while burning, so as to drive away ghosts and gods. For example, "you stabbed bastard, if you pester the baby again, I will crucify you with peach wood!" " "and so on. Li: Dip three chopsticks into half a bowl of clean water and circle the patient's head several times, that is, standing in the bowl, shaking the water and chanting who said that? As the saying goes, ghosts can't talk to living souls. They say that the living can't stand getting sick, so they call the ghost to put in a good word and let them go. If they stand still, they think they are right. In fact, it is the role of water, and you can stand up without saying anything. Invite Witches: Witches are often called godmothers, mostly elderly women and young godmothers. Treat a disease or show the way, call to talk. To speak is to say that god is possessed and to excuse rumors. God's wife speaks in a certain tone, such as singing like complaining, treating diseases like putting on airs, disgusting and ridiculous. This is still a bad habit. After liberation, with the improvement of medical and health conditions, most of them gradually disappeared, but they revived in remote mountainous areas. It can be seen that there is still a long way to go to get rid of superstition and build spiritual civilization, which cannot be ignored and must be strengthened. Sending summer to summer is also called sending new things. This is one of the folk marriage customs in Shangzhou. In modern times, it has been extended to newly-married relatives and even first-married relatives. After sending summer wheat, steamed bread made of new wheat flour is accompanied by new dried noodles, brown sugar and other gifts. When the new son-in-law sends Xia to her husband's house, there must be a lot of wine and a heavy gift. And exquisite gifts. Generally, it is something to be given in summer, such as shoes, umbrellas, straw hats, fans, vests, short sleeves and red bellies. And only two or three kinds of gifts can be given at home, but Guo kui steamed stuffed bun is essential. Guo Kui Xiao Long Bao is also different from ordinary Guo Kui Xiao Long Bao, but a special hollow lace Xiao Long Bao, commonly known as Qulianzi, tied with a new towel. Ganwa gives summer gifts to new worshippers, and presents to new son-in-law are similar, but generally lighter. It's easier for first-time parents to send each other summer. There are only special relationships and reasons, such as in-laws, except those who ask for or return. With the development of the times, the custom of sending summer has also evolved. I used to send it to my husband's family in the summer after three years of marriage, but now I have to send it every year after my engagement. The gift is not heavy, and I even compare with each other to show off my wealth. If you send high-grade cigarettes, wine, cakes, supplements, drinks, etc. Most of the gifts are leather sandals and high-end shirts. The steamed bread in the gift has been replaced by other products. This custom has obviously become a heavy human burden for farmers who are generally not rich. The folk custom of sending summer in Shangzhou has a long history. Shangzhou Folk Songs was written by Wang, a native of Bagong County during the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty. The poem says, "Who is the magical mother? She is very busy and walks on the road with a pot on her back. The children followed happily, their arms hanging like cakes. "This shows that sending summer in the Qing Dynasty is also called watching. At that time, sending summer gifts was not limited to newlyweds and mothers who were busy with the entrance of new wheat in summer, but also took their children back to their parents' homes or relatives' homes and brought back wine and music couplets. This is enough to show that throughout the ages, Shangzhou has simple folk customs, generosity of the rich and the poor, hospitality and affection; There are contacts in area 48. It also shows that our ancient civilization is indeed a country of etiquette. The custom of tying the knot with relatives has a long history in Shangzhou folk, with various forms and full of interest, mainly including the following: Gan Da, dopted mother: a newborn child, if he tries his luck in three days, he will worship Gan Da when he meets a man, and he will worship dopted mother when he meets a woman. If the victim is a minor, his parents will replace him; For some reason, for example, the relationship between the two families is particularly good, or they have been saved; Some climb high and make expensive plans to protect and support them; There are also ambiguous relationships between men and women, for the sake of justice and convenience, and so on. Dry brothers: sworn brothers are mostly young men, and there is also a great age difference. Old brotherhood, burn incense brothers, change brothers' names. Admirers are either like-minded, just to help each other, and some actually form a force by forming gangs. Most swearing-in ceremonies are held, and there are certain rules and regulations. All worshippers are Liu (North), Guan (Jade) and Zhang (Fei) who became sworn friends in Taoyuan in history. This form gradually disappeared after liberation, but there are still so-called buddy groups called brothers in Shangzhou urban and rural areas. Dry sisters: this is a form of pulling between good young women in urban and rural areas. Most of them are like-minded girls and daughters-in-law, and some grow up to become sworn brothers. It is often better to form such a relationship than to be sisters. Once the above-mentioned dry relatives are formed, they will interact. At four o'clock and eight days, weddings, funerals, and gifts should be the same as regular relatives. Some are even heavier than regular relatives. Courtesy in return, not communicating for many years is called cadmium. Although the relationship is estranged, the name of the meeting is still the same as before. Some kinship relations in rural areas have lasted for several generations. If the father is godmother, the son is called godfather and godmother. In order to show intimacy, some people call each other big, mother, brother and sister without the word "dry", and also call each other relatives and friends of dry in-laws. People who celebrate their birthdays are clowns, and people are the spirits of all things. It's really comforting to come into this world alone. Birthday has become a unique holiday for individuals and families. Celebrate every year from childhood to old age, commonly known as birthdays. Shangzhou custom, different ages have different birthdays and different names. The baby barked at the age of one, which was quite grand. In the past, we had to send clothes, hats, shoes and socks, as well as silver locks and collars to our hosts. Now we mostly send toys. At that time, there will be books, pens, abacus, rulers, whips and so on. Grasping the baby in the basket is called grasping the week and predicting the future of the child. Grasping a book first is a scholar, touching an abacus, doing business, and touching a whip is herding cattle. Adults have birthdays. Thirty-six and forty-nine are more particular. Because of superstition that "forty-nine, thirty-six, happiness means happiness, and worry means worry", at this age, it is actually comfortable to rush to the threshold and let relatives and friends shoot to eliminate disasters and seek happiness. If you are over 50 years old, your birthday is called birthday. In the old days, gifts such as flowers, steamed buns and peaches were given to the younger generation, but now they are mostly cigarettes, wine, cakes, milk powder, nutrients, clothes, bedding, calligraphy and painting, as well as red envelopes and birthday couplets, such as the famous Beidou/Shoubi Nanshan, the crane's Millennium life/Cangsong's eternal youth and so on. According to folklore, once upon a time, a local rich man celebrated his father's birthday and changed the word "Fu" in the Spring Festival couplets from "Days add years, people lengthen their lives, and spring is full of hard work" to "Father" as a birthday couplet. He thought it was a wonderful change, but in fact he turned it into a joke and humiliated himself. After the old man died in Shangzhou, he would pay tribute to his grave and burn paper on his birthday within three years, commonly known as birthday. With the development of the times, the birthday customs in Shangzhou are constantly innovating. Since the reform and opening-up, more people, whether men, women or children, relatives and friends who celebrate their birthdays in urban and rural areas, have sent birthday cakes, blown out candles and sang birthday songs, and more young students have sent pictures, books and notebooks. Some lovers send flowers, some young men and women hold birthday dances in dance halls or at home, some even order songs on radio and television, and some traditional birthday customs are gradually eliminated. All these are enough to show that people's living standards are gradually improving at present, and they also show that people cherish life more.