What are the inconsistencies between the classic movie Burning Yuanmingyuan and history?

When it comes to film and television works in the Qing dynasty, we can't bypass the films made by Li Hanxiang in the 1980s? Qing Palace Trilogy? That is: burning Yuanmingyuan, curtain listening to politics, demon queen. Because the film was shot in the Forbidden City, the Summer Resort, the Qing Dongling and other places, it has a sense of history and substitution more than the people who were shoddy later.

This is also the only film in the Qing Dynasty that can echo the last emperor in terms of props, venues, actors and historical facts. In particular, the opening ceremony of burning Yuanmingyuan was magnificent and shocking.

However, due to the complexity of manpower, material resources and overall planning, the burning of the whole film in Yuanmingyuan also led to some defects and contradictions. Mr. Zhu Jiajin, the art consultant of the film, once pointed out that it was impolite for the horse racing on both sides of the Hall of Supreme Harmony Square and the emperor's Kowloon crank umbrella cover when Emperor Tongzhi ascended the throne. In addition, the film has some shortcomings. If we can make up for them, the artistry and authenticity of the film will be more perfect.

Above _ Burning Yuanmingyuan Stills Emperor Tongzhi ascended the throne

The master and servant of the literati group "burning the Yuanmingyuan" cannot do without Empress Dowager Cixi. The film introduced Yulaner at the beginning of entering the palace (according to the film, the academic circles have different opinions on the birth name of Cixi, hereinafter referred to as Cixi). In the section, the narrator said: The emperor chooses a scholar every three years, which shall be borne by the Ministry of Internal Affairs? Only women who own more than three products have this privilege.

The narrator first explained the conditions of the draft girl here, but here he confused two things: the draft girl and the maid-in-waiting in the Qing Dynasty, the emperor chose the girl of the Eight Banners every three years. At first, these girls only included the daughters of princes with titles above the third class in Manchu and Mongolian Eight Banners, and later included women with outstanding achievements in the Eight Banners of the Han Army.

Above _ Draft of Eight Banners for Stills of Burning Yuanmingyuan

The selection of women in Manchu, Mongolian and Han Eight Banners was undertaken by the Ministry of Housing. After being reported to the flag where the female practitioner is located, it was taken to Shunzhen Gate by Shenwumen of the Forbidden City, and the emperor reviewed it in groups of five. People you like leave the brand, and people you don't like leave the brand. The resulting female practice enriched the harem and became the emperor's concubine.

As for the three flags of the Ministry of the Interior, the girls who participate in the recruitment every year are entirely responsible for the Ministry of the Interior. These selected female practitioners were used as maids. After all, these maids are from the coating family (that is, royal slaves). How could the emperor choose the slave's daughter as his concubine? Therefore, in the film, the Eight Banners female teacher and the female teacher of the Ministry of Internal Affairs are confused, thus disrupting the master-slave system.

Nanmu Waist Board Made by Shangqing Interior Office

What kind of official is Cixi's father? In many books, Cixi's father is mentioned. I don't know whether it is intentionally ignored or to slander Cixi's life experience. It is often said that his father is a sesame-sized pen paste. However, in the process of waiting for inspection in the palace in the movie, Cixi, a young man from Zhenglan Banner in Manchuria, said that his father was an alternate Taoist priest. What is the official position of this Taoist priest?

According to the official system of the Qing Dynasty, Taoist priests are all "four products", equivalent to the first-class bureaucrats between provinces and localities. Generally, it is named according to the responsibility or being in charge of the province's grain routes, or being in charge of rivers or several cities. However, there is a problem here. It is clearly stipulated that only the children of officials with the Eight Banners and the Three Commandments are eligible for conscription, but Cixi herself said that her father was a Taoist with the Four Commandments and was an alternate, which contradicted the three requirements mentioned above.

Above _ "Burning Yuanmingyuan" stills Cixi said that her father was an alternate road.

The most important thing is that when Cixi recruited women in the first year of Xianfeng, her father Cheng Wai was not an alternate director, but a real employee of Jinsui Road (based in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia). There are seven Zhili divisions, which are in charge of Mongolian affairs in Qi Min, patrolling Guisui Road and Cheng Guihua, and also in charge of real tax deficiency. Later, on the eve of Cixi's entering the palace in the second year of Xianfeng, she was transferred to Guangtai Road in Ningchi, Anhui Province, and moved from a remote place to a rich place in Anhui Province.

Later, in Xianfeng for three years, she was dismissed by the emperor for avoiding the soldiers of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, and soon died in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu. This may also be one of the reasons why Cixi was not favored when she entered the palace. As for the so-called legend that Cixi confirmed that there was only one woman left in Yehnara to destroy Aisingiorro, it was even more nonsense. Even if it is far-fetched and convincing, it is another Ye Henara, the niece of Cixi, who ruined her ancestral business.

Above _ Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement

The sign of choosing a concubine is green. Cixi, who entered the palace in the plot, was left out in the cold because Yehnara predicted the demise of Aisingiorro. Therefore, Emperor Xianfeng changed the brand every day, and there was no Empress Dowager Cixi. Cixi can only sit on the steps of the emperor's bedroom at night, watching others being carried to the emperor's bedroom and secretly hurting her.

There are some problems here. The emperor hurried into the palace with Su Shun and other ministers. Suddenly, a little eunuch knelt in front of the emperor with a pink plate with the name of the concubine written on it, asking the emperor to choose the concubine to sleep tonight.

But the problem is that in the middle and late Qing Dynasty, the emperor chose the brand of concubines' bedroom, all at the time of eating, and this brand with the nature of bedroom, in terms of its privacy, is even more impossible to keep a number of ministers for the emperor to choose. And the brand, color and name of the bedroom are also collectively called? Green head card? You can tell by the name that the head of the brand is green, so the pink brand here is wrong.

Above _ "Burning Yuanmingyuan" stills pink top card

As for why the brand is made pink, it may be to show the life of the emperor and empresses. Hey? Or according to the records in Xiao Ting Zalu in Qing Dynasty:? Customization: all calls, introductions, etc. , all with pink card titles, geese will enter. But here? Powder? It refers to writing on chopped bamboo or sawdust, which is 30 cm long and 3 cm wide, with a white bottom and clear handwriting and easy to identify.

At the same time, in addition to attending the bedroom, the green head card was also an official to see the emperor. Business card? . Before princes want to see the emperor, they should first write their official age, place of origin, resume and other information on the green head card for the emperor to use as a memo, but the brand used by imperial clan kings will be painted red, and the brand of ordinary ministers will be painted green to distinguish relatives and friends. In addition to these two kinds, the Forbidden City has not found anything similar to the pink brand in the movie.

Above _ Imperial guards with knives in ouchi in the late Qing Dynasty

What's more worth mentioning is that Cixi hid outside the emperor's bedroom and peeked at other queens who were hurriedly carried to the emperor's bedroom by eunuchs wrapped in brocade quilts. This presentation did not conform to the access control system of the Forbidden City at that time.

Anyone familiar with history of qing dynasty knows that Cixi was assigned to live in Palace of Gathered Elegance, the Sixth West Hospital, which was the most important residence in her life. According to the palace every night? Money and food? According to the system, every time (at eight o'clock in the evening), the palace night bangzi rings, and all concubines must leave except those who serve at night, lock the door and give the key to the respectful room.

If you want to open the palace gate again that night, the night watchman outside the palace gate must ask the eunuch in charge, report the reason to the worship room and register to open the palace gate. At the same time? Please give me the key. Records should be reported to the emperor afterwards, so if the emperor knows that there are concubines who leave the palace without being summoned at night, it is a taboo for palace rules.

The above _ current regulations of the imperial palace were published in Wuying Hall in the 10th year of Guangxu reign (1884).

According to the "current rules of the Forbidden City", the access control system of the Forbidden City has been applied repeatedly from Kangxi to Daoguang. On the fifth day of June in the first year of Xianfeng, the emperor reiterated? Why are you serious when the door is closed? For the safety of the royal family, outsiders are not allowed to enter the palace, and they are not allowed to enter or leave the palace after locking the door at night.

Therefore, once the concubines' residence in the East and West Sixth Palace is locked at night, there is only one reason to open the palace door. If it is not special things such as the emperor's summons, it is fire. Therefore, in the face of such a strict access control system, it is impossible for Cixi to leave Palace of Gathered Elegance at night and get close to the emperor's bedroom.

Above _ "Burning Yuanmingyuan" stills The British and French allied forces auctioned Yuanmingyuan cultural relics.

What's left of the burnt Yuanmingyuan? Since the movie is called "Burning Yuanmingyuan", it is the highlight of the movie that Xianfeng left in a hurry and burned Yuanmingyuan with the British and French Coalition forces. As only some relics remained in Yuanmingyuan during the filming, director Li Hanxiang spent more than 600,000 yuan to rebuild the real-life shooting site, which was eventually burned down.

As far as the real Yuanmingyuan is concerned, whether it is the destruction of it by foreigners or their contempt for Chinese civilization, it is so sad that we can't help sighing when we see the ruins of Yuanmingyuan, such as the distant view and the water law. However, the original appearance of Yuanmingyuan after it was burned by the British and French allied forces is not one of the few broken walls we see today.

Above _ "Burning Yuanmingyuan" stills Yuanmingyuan Dashui Law

After Emperor Tongzhi came to power, he wanted to repair Yuanmingyuan as the retreat of Cixi, but because of the high cost, he was discouraged by ministers. I want to ask, if there are really only a few stone pillars left in Yuanmingyuan, how can it be said that it has been repaired? Take the existing Dashuifa relics as an example. This cultural relic belongs to a small part of the West Building of Yuanmingyuan. Western buildings are modeled after the Palace of Versailles in the west, made of marble and other stones, so they are not easy to be burned into ruins.

After the Yuanmingyuan was looted by the British and French allied forces, the internal affairs department of the Qing court still set up officials in charge of the Yuanmingyuan, such as doctors. According to the investigation of Emperor Xun Qing in the early years of the Republic of China, Yuanmingyuan still covers an area of 5,296 mu, with a length of about 3 miles from north to south and 4 miles from east to west. In addition, there are more than ten dry land, water slopes, many houses, bricks, rockeries and stone carvings.

So how did Yuanmingyuan become such a broken place today?

Above _ After Yuanmingyuan was burned by the British and French allied forces,

The Yuanmingyuan, which was plundered many times, suffered another disaster after it was burned by the British and French allied forces in 1900. At that time, Eight-Nation Alliance plundered Beijing again. In the period of the Republic of China, due to the inability of the royal family of Xun Qing Dynasty to govern and the competing appearance of warlords from all walks of life, whoever mastered the power of the capital would transport the idea of those precious building materials on the site of Yuanmingyuan, which cost countless human and financial resources, to his private house to decorate the facade.

Cao Kun, a great warlord, once used 20 trucks to carry it every day, sweeping away the Taihu Stone in the Wen Yuan Pavilion of Yuanmingyuan. During the three years from 19 19 to 1922, there were eight cases of large-scale theft and seizure of Yuanmingyuan site. At that time, the officer in Peiping alone took 727 cars of Taihu Stone and Qingyun Stone from here.

Above _ Cao Kun (186265438+February 12? 1938 May 17), the word Zhongshan.

Of course, the above information is not to whitewash the British and French allied forces, after all, they are the culprit. But the era of warlord melee also makes it known as? Garden of ten thousand gardens? Yuanmingyuan suffered endless disasters and became a relic of today.

There is no doubt that burning Yuanmingyuan is a great movie, which symbolizes China's reflection on historical scars and shows the open mind of the whole society after the reform and opening up. There is nothing wrong with facing up to and remembering history, but making up for its shortcomings and accurately restoring history is also the correct guidance for the audience who gain historical knowledge and historical value from the screen.

Text: Wei Siwei

References:

1 Qing history? Official records. Clear. Zhao erxun Editor in chief.

2 "Existing Rules of the Imperial Palace". Clear. Home office.

3 "Xiao Ting Zalu". Zhao Qing Lian.

4 "Qing Palace Story". Zhang Naiwei is waiting.

5 "Secrets of the Royal Family of Xun Qing Dynasty". Qin

⑥ "Conversation of Maids". Jin Yi, Shen Yiling

The text was created by the team of History University Hall, and the pictures originated from the Internet and belonged to the original author.