Brahman joke

Our motherland is one of the cradles of world civilization, with a history of 5,000 years. It is also called "four ancient civilizations" with ancient Egypt, Babylon and ancient India.

Among the four ancient civilizations, ancient Egypt, ancient Babylon and ancient India all lost their independence due to foreign invasion, which interrupted ancient civilizations. For example, in 525 BC, ancient Egypt was captured by Persian der untergang; In 65438 BC+0595 BC, Babylon was destroyed by Hittites; Ancient India was divided for a long time, the north was invaded by foreigners, and it became a British colony for a long time in modern times. China is the only ancient country with an uninterrupted civilization tradition in the world. Long before the country was formed, Huangdi, Yao, Shun, Yu and others had been active in the Yellow River basin. The first slave country in China was established in the 2nd/kloc-0th century BC, including four stages: Xia, Shang, Western Zhou and Spring and Autumn. Slavery in China experienced an independent continuation and development period of 1600 years, which is unmatched by other ancient civilizations. With the end of slavery in China in 476 BC, the history of China entered the feudal society in 475 BC, one thousand years earlier than the transition from Western Europe to feudal society in 476 BC. In 22 1 year BC, China established a unified and multi-ethnic centralized state-Qin State; However, the British rule in Western Europe began to embark on the road of centralized national monarchy after the end of the Hundred Years' War between Britain and France in 1453, which was more than 600 years later than our country.

Our country is a great and wise country. In ancient history, the people of China created brilliant scientific and cultural achievements represented by the four great inventions and made great contributions to human civilization.

Statistics of natural science show that the proportion of China's major scientific and technological achievements (projects) in the world's major scientific and technological achievements is: 57.4% before the 6th century BC; 6th century BC to BC 1 century 50%; 62% from BC 1 century to 400; From 40 1 to 1000, it is 71%; 58% from 100 1 to 1500. Before the Ming Dynasty, there were more than 300 important inventions and major scientific and technological achievements in the world, of which 175 was invented by China people. From 3rd century BC to15th century BC, China's scientific and technological inventions left Europe behind, and many projects were hundreds or even thousands of years earlier than Europe.

Ancient India

A World of Buddhists and Dreams —— Indian Culture

India is close to China, but we know little about this neighbor because of the high Himalayan snow-capped mountains. "Learning from the Western Heaven" has become synonymous with hardship in the ears of China people. Like the Nile in ancient Egypt and the Yellow River and the Yangtze River in China, the Indus and Ganges rivers also gave birth to splendid ancient cultures. Ancient Egypt, Babylon, China and India are called the four ancient civilizations in the world.

500 thousand years ago, there were ancient ancestors in the Indian subcontinent. They also slash and burn, fish, hunt and gather, and thrive here. By the Neolithic Age about 10,000 years ago, there were settlements all over India, and people began to engage in agriculture, domesticate livestock and make exquisite household appliances. All these provided fertile soil for the birth of splendid ancient civilization. In the South Asian subcontinent, there is an ancient country, the Himalayas are towering, and the Indian Ocean is vast, magnificent and full of vitality. This is India, known as the "country of the moon". Because its territory is shaped like a cow's head, some people call it "the country with cow's head bones".

Wandering in ancient civilization-pure and beautiful tunes like Indian hymns

The Ganges River, starting from the Himalayas and passing through an Asian peninsula surrounded by the Bay of Bengal, the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean, nourishes this land, breeds splendid civilization and becomes a "holy river" of a country. And this lucky country is India, one of the four ancient civilizations in the world.

A hymn-like melody.

India is a melting pot of culture. The unique historical background of this country makes it contain many cultural trends from ancient times to modern times, from west to east, from Asia to Europe and so on. In addition, it is a country composed of five ethnic groups, and it is like a big cultural museum. Mumbai, located on the west bank of the capital New Delhi, is the cultural center, while Calcutta has news about culture every day. A variety of music, dance, ballet and comedy dazzle tourists and make them linger.

Living in a noisy big city for a long time, people yearn for returning to the original. The foundation of Indian traditional music is "nature". It praises the relationship between man and man, man and nature, and man and God. The melodies of the four seasons are all reflected in the traditional tune "Lag"-it is said that the ancients wrote the first "Lag" inspired by the singing of birds in the forest and the burning of branches. As for the content of the song, it originated from religious ceremonies in North India. Today, traditional songs still retain the ancient pronunciation, and the singer's sound quality is pure, which makes the song maintain a simple and pure feeling of hymn. Even if you don't understand the lyrics, you can feel the sacredness and tranquility of nature.

——Natyam, one of the oldest dances in India, means "the art of dancing" in Hindi. In addition to emphasizing the rhythm of dance, it also emphasizes that accompaniment music must be pleasant to listen to, consisting of solemn poems and simple music. This is a sacrificial dance, which can fully reflect the feelings of dancers. It was originally performed by the temple dancers in the temple. The key to this dance is to keep your upper body straight, your legs half bent, your knees apart, and your feet like a half-open fan. Although there are strict action norms, in fact, each actor's performance is different, and most of the time the performance is improvisation, so each Natyam's personal style is very strong.

Now, this traditional dance has re-emerged with a retro trend. However, ancient Natyam was generally a solo dance, and now group dance is more popular. A group of graceful dancers in gorgeous traditional costumes danced like fairies in beautiful music, and the effect was better than solo dancing. Today, Natyam has developed into a technical art system.

Delicious food cooked in clay stoves and charcoal fires.

Indian curry is world-famous, and many people think that rice and curry are the main foods and seasonings in India. But in fact, rice is only the staple food in some parts of India, and curry is a strange seasoning for most Indians.

In fact, there is no unified style is the biggest feature of Indian food. Moreover, there are not only great differences in eating habits among cities in India, but even every family has an obvious eating style. But in general, chicken, fish and mutton are the most common. Gravy is the main sauce in India and is very popular all over India. Of course, the gravy in every place has its obvious local characteristics. In Indian kitchens, only fresh green peppers and dried red peppers are spicy. So tourists who don't like spicy food don't have to worry about not eating authentic Indian food.

For tourists, India's most famous traditional dishes originated from the Indian royal family. Stewed meat, sauce and rice are the basis of three different cooking styles. But after all, royal food can only be eaten in special restaurants and hotels, and ordinary people are not "cold" about it. In the local area, many popular Indian dishes are very common, such as unfermented oatmeal bread coated with green mustard, which has been cooked all night with coal fire. This simple winter snack is regarded as the favorite by farmers and city dwellers. Authentic shortbread and steamed rice cakes are famous in southern cities. As for some coastal areas, in addition to seafood feasts such as crabs, lobsters, tiger shrimps and shellfish, fragrant coconuts are also the most commonly used ingredients.

Clay stove charcoal cooking is a unique cooking method in India. It is very particular about timing. When the furnace temperature reaches 600 degrees Celsius, the difference between cooking is one or two minutes, even one or two seconds, which will affect the success or failure of cooking. The meat made in this way does not need oil, and it is dipped in yogurt when eating. Before the food is served, the creaking charcoal fire and lingering fragrance have made your index finger move.

In addition, in many parts of India, people like to hold food in a large shallow dish called "Tali". When dining with "Tali", do as the Romans do and taste it slowly. Wolfing it will only make the local people laugh.

Soul of Tianzhu-Exhibition of Ancient Indian Bronze Statues

Ancient India is a mythical land with extremely developed religions and philosophies. Therefore, bronze statues in ancient India are often symbols of myths, religious idols and philosophical metaphors, which embody the spirit of the gods. The tradition of bronze statues in India is very long, which can be traced back to bronze dancers in the Indus era from about 2500 BC to 1500 BC. Brahmanism (the predecessor of Hinduism), Buddhism and Jainism appeared in succession in the 9th-6th century BC, which provided an eternal theme for ancient Indian art, including bronze statues. In the Middle Ages of India (7th-/Kloc-0th/3rd century), Indian bronze statues reached their peak.