Punctuation in Primary School Students' Writing

1. How to correct punctuation marks in compositions and sentences The most common errors in punctuation marks used in students' compositions are as follows: 1. Question marks are improperly used in declarative sentences containing interrogative words.

A question mark indicates a pause at the end of the question. Although some sentences contain interrogative words such as "who", "what" and "how", the whole sentence is not a question, so don't use a period at the end of the sentence. I don't know why my mother is so nagging.

This sentence is actually a declarative sentence, with a full stop at the end. However, when many students saw the interrogative word "why", they mistakenly thought it was a question. At the end of the sentence, they used a question mark and mistakenly wrote in their composition: I wonder why my mother is so nagging? The punctuation at the end of the quotation is wrong.

Some students don't understand the rules of using punctuation marks at the end of quotations, and they haven't thought about it seriously. Whenever they encounter a quotation, they always point a punctuation mark at the end, sometimes inside the quotation marks and sometimes outside the quotation marks. It seems that both inside quotation marks and outside quotation marks can be used. It doesn't matter, but it's not. The Usage of Punctuation Marks 1990 revised and published by the Press and Publication Administration of the State Language Commission in March clearly pointed out: "Pay attention to the use of punctuation marks at the end of quotations: whenever quotations are used independently, the punctuation marks at the end are placed in quotation marks; Anyone who takes the quoted words as part of the author's own words does not need punctuation at the end. "

Based on this, we can understand it as follows: (1) Where a complete sentence or several sentences are quoted instead of a word or a phrase, and there is a colon in front of the quotation marks, the punctuation at the end should be put in quotation marks. For example, dad frowned and said, "Why didn't you do well in the exam?" And some students mistakenly wrote in the composition: Dad frowned and said, "Why, I didn't do well in the exam"? (2) Where the quoted content is only a part of a sentence in the text, and the quotation just appears at the end of the sentence, punctuation marks should be added to the quotation marks.

For example, but she doesn't want to say "I won't do it" in front of others, especially in front of the cloud. But in some students' compositions, they made mistakes: but she didn't want to say "I can't do it" in front of others, especially in front of the clouds.

3. Misuse of punctuation marks behind the speaker. There are three ways to quote a speaker: (1) The speaker comes first and the words come last.

He said, "Eat quickly. Don't be hungry. "

(2) The speaker is in the middle, and the words are before and after. For example, "eat quickly."

He said, "Don't be hungry." (3) The speaker comes last, and the speaker comes first.

For example, "eat quickly. Don't be hungry. "

He said. When the word order is different, the semantic relationship is different, and the speaker should use different punctuation marks, as shown above.

But in some students' compositions, colons are always used after "he said", and many of them are misused. There are five kinds of irregular punctuation marks in students' compositions: 1. Replace periods, commas, pauses and other punctuation marks with dots. In students' compositions, we can often see such a situation: a comma should be used in the middle of a sentence, but a dot is clicked; Between the juxtaposed words and phrases, pause should have been used, but a point was clicked.

When you finish a sentence, use a full stop but don't write, or click a dot. The above usage is obviously not serious and wrong. The reason may be influenced by foreign language writing, but the main reason is that you don't develop good writing habits: when writing, just click on the paper with a pen and leave a small point as punctuation.

Ironically, some compositions even use dots instead of all punctuation marks. 2. When writing, it is not only exclusive or incorrect. The appendix "The Position of Punctuation" points out: "Period, question mark, exclamation point, comma, pause, semicolon and colon generally occupy the position of a word when writing." Therefore, the correct writing should be a separate case, and the writing should be left below this case, so that readers can accurately understand the pause and tone of this sentence.

Moreover, many students don't just monopolize a space when writing, but squeeze together with the last word of the sentence. There are also quotation marks, brackets, and the first half or the second half of the title. Don't crowd together with the first word or the last word, but share them separately.

For example, I began to conceive and write about my reading life. Dashes and ellipsis should not be wrongly written as one case, but should occupy the position of two words, that is, two cases.

For example, when I got on the bus again, I looked at the oil painting in my hand. It turned out to be such a long way home. 3. Points in students' compositions appear at the beginning of a line, and it is not uncommon for errors such as periods, question marks, exclamation marks, commas, pauses, semicolons and colons to appear at the beginning of a line. This loop phenomenon has actually lost the meaning of dot indicating pause and tone.

Therefore, the usage and position of punctuation clearly stipulates that "it does not appear at the beginning of the line". If you just write to the end of the line, you must let punctuation follow.

4. The quotation marks, brackets and the first half of the title appear at the end of a line, and the second half at the beginning of a line. The newly promulgated Usage of Punctuation Marks clearly stipulates in the appendix position of punctuation marks: "Quotation marks, brackets and the first half of the title are not at the end of the line, and the second half is not at the beginning of the line."

This is very scientific. From the point of ideographic function, quotation marks generally indicate the part quoted in the text, brackets mainly indicate the annotation part of the text, and the title of the book indicates the title of the text.

If you put the first half of them at the end of a line, or the second half at the beginning of a line, it will give people a sense of fragmentation, making it difficult for readers to understand the source and significance of quotations or notes and the title of the book, and it is not convenient to read. Therefore, when writing quotation marks, brackets and book titles, we must adhere to the principle of following closely, that is, the first half symbol should be close to the first word and the second half symbol should be close to the last word, and we must avoid "breaking up".

5. When changing careers, when changing careers, use dashes and ellipsis respectively. The standard spelling of dashes and ellipsis is "-"in two spaces.

In practical use, they can only be used as a complete symbol. When you need to change careers, you can put it at the beginning or end of the line and you can't remove it.

2. Be specific. It is important to teach pupils how to write punctuation marks in their compositions. How to make students write punctuation correctly is an urgent problem in our composition teaching.

According to years of teaching experience, I think we should pay attention to the following points: First, we should make clear that punctuation marks are divided into "dots" and "marks". The dot has a period (. )

Question mark (? ), exclamation point (! ), comma (,), pause (,), semicolon (; ) and colon (:). At the end of a sentence, there are three kinds: period, question mark and exclamation mark, which indicate the pause at the end of the sentence and the tone of the sentence; There are four kinds of periods used in sentences: comma, pause, semicolon and colon, which indicate various pauses in sentences.

There are nine commonly used labels, namely: quotation mark (""), bracket (), dash (-), ellipsis (…), bullet (-), hyphen (-), interval (-), title (-) and proper name (_). The function of labels is to express, mainly to express the nature and function of sentences.

Secondly, we should pay attention to the writing format of punctuation (1), and the writing format on the square manuscript paper is 1. In the horizontally written manuscript, the period, question mark, exclamation point, comma, pause, semicolon and colon all occupy the position of a word and are placed in the lower right corner of the sentence. Among them, pause, comma, period, semicolon and colon are placed in the lower left corner of the next cell; The question mark and exclamation point are placed in the left half of the next grid.

However, it should be noted that these seven periods cannot usually be placed at the beginning of a line, because they indicate the pause of tone and should follow at the end of the sentence. If the last cell of a line happens to be occupied by text, then this punctuation mark must be marked in the lower right corner of the text.

2. Quotations, brackets, the first half and the second half of the title all occupy the position of a word. The first half of them can be placed at the beginning of the line, but not at the end; The second half does not appear at the beginning of the line, but it can appear at the end of the line.

Their place-occupying way is that the first half is written in the right half of a grid and the second half is written in the left half of a grid. 3. Both dash and ellipsis occupy the position of two words.

They can be placed at the beginning of a line or at the end of a line, but you can't divide a symbol into two paragraphs. The six points of ellipsis should be evenly written in two squares, which is more compact.

The two endpoints of the dash cannot intersect the edges of two cells, which is relatively compact. When there is only one cell left in the ellipsis or dash, don't divide the symbol into one line, one line and one and a half lines, scrutinize the sentence as much as possible, or stagger the remaining cells by subtracting words or adding words.

These two labels are written in the middle of the two boxes at the back. 4. Connectors and separators generally occupy the position of a word.

The positions of these two symbols are written in the middle of the grid. 5. Bullets and proper names are marked at the bottom of the words, which emphasize that several words occupy several cells and are generally not commonly used.

(2) Write the requirements 1 on straight (vertical) manuscript paper (commonly used in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan). When writing straight (vertical) lines, punctuation marks are in the following formats: period, question mark, exclamation point, comma, pause, semicolon and colon are placed at the lower right of a word, which also occupies the position of a word. 2. Dashes, ellipses, hyphens and spaces are placed in the middle of words.

3. Use ""and ""in quotation marks. The two parts of brackets are placed above and below the marked words respectively.

The bullet is marked on the right side of the word. Proper nouns are marked to the left of words.

Which symbols should not be placed at the beginning and end of a line? The rules for straight writing and horizontal writing are the same. (3) the writing method of punctuation marks in the composition topic Regarding the writing method of punctuation marks in the topic, we can guide students to refer to the selection of teaching materials.

The general rule is: 1, the title of the text, that is, the end of the first-level title, is generally not punctuated. 2. The title (also called subtitle) inside the text, that is, the end of the second and third-level titles, is generally not punctuated if written in the middle; If the subtitle is written in two spaces and marked with serial number (such as 1, 2, 3, first, second, third, etc. ), you can add a period at the end of the subtitle.

3. The first theme of the paragraph in the text, that is, the title of the first sentence of the natural paragraph of the text, can be added with a period at the end; If you don't add a period, you can leave a space between the first topic of the paragraph and the following text. (4) The usage of punctuation in the ordinal number of the article structure is 1. When the sequence is represented by "first", "second" and "again", commas are used after "first", "second" and "again" respectively.

For example, "first", "second" and "again". 2. When using "first", "second" and "third" to indicate the order, use commas after "first", "second" and "third" respectively.

For example, "first", "second" and "third". 3. When using "one is", "two is" and "three is" to indicate the order, you can use commas after "one is", "two is" and "three is" respectively.

Such as "one is", "two is" and "three is". You can also connect directly to the bottom without punctuation.

4. When using "A", "B", "C" and "D" to indicate the sequence, add a pause after "A", "B", "C" and "D" respectively. For example, a, b, c and d.

5. After "on the one hand" and "on the other hand", you can connect the following directly with commas or without punctuation. In short, we only need to follow the standards proposed in the curriculum standards in teaching.

Punctuation in the article is very important. Punctuation marks in composition are very important. We must write punctuation marks in our writing.

If you write a composition without punctuation, who can read it at once? Besides, without punctuation, it is difficult for others to break sentences, let alone explain the meaning of the article. I remember a teacher told such a story: once upon a time, a rich man recruited a teacher for his son, and a gentleman applied for it.

The rich man asked Mr. Wang what conditions he had. Mr. Wang wrote a sentence without punctuation on the paper-"You get what you pay for, no fish, no chickens and ducks, no vegetables and carrots." The rich man was very happy after reading it. He understood it this way: "Fish, chickens and ducks are not needed, vegetables and radishes are indispensable, and a penny is indispensable."

I think: he doesn't want money, he only eats, as long as the food is carrots, I will be profitable. So I hired this gentleman.

After teaching for a year, Mr. Wang asked the rich man for money, but the rich man didn't give it to him, saying, "Isn't it that you can do without fish, chickens and ducks, vegetables and carrots are indispensable, and you can't have a penny?" The gentleman said, "That's not what I meant. I mean, meat can do without fish. " No chickens, no ducks.

Vegetables and carrots are indispensable and don't cost a penny. "As a result, the rich man had to give money.

A sentence without punctuation makes a big joke, which shows that punctuation is very important.

4. Be specific. It is important to teach pupils how to write punctuation marks in their compositions. How to make students write punctuation correctly is an urgent problem in our composition teaching. Combined with years of teaching experience, I think we should pay attention to the following points:

First of all, it should be clear that punctuation marks are divided into "points" and "marks".

The dot has a period (. ), question mark (? ), exclamation point (! ), comma (,), pause (,), semicolon (; ) and colon (:). At the end of a sentence, there are three kinds: period, question mark and exclamation mark, which indicate the pause at the end of the sentence and the tone of the sentence; There are four kinds of periods used in sentences: comma, pause, semicolon and colon, which indicate various pauses in sentences.

There are nine commonly used labels, namely: quotation mark (""), bracket (), dash (-), ellipsis (…), bullet (-), hyphen (-), interval (-), title (-) and proper name (_). The function of labels is to express, mainly to express the nature and function of sentences.

Secondly, we should pay attention to the writing format of punctuation marks.

(1) The writing format on the square manuscript paper

1. In manuscripts written all over the country, periods, question marks, exclamation points, commas, pauses, semicolons and colons all occupy the position of a word and are placed in the lower right corner of the sentence. Among them, pause, comma, period, semicolon and colon are placed in the lower left corner of the next cell; The question mark and exclamation point are placed in the left half of the next grid. However, it should be noted that these seven periods cannot usually be placed at the beginning of a line, because they indicate the pause of tone and should follow at the end of the sentence. If the last cell of a line happens to be occupied by text, then this punctuation mark must be marked in the lower right corner of the text.

2. Quotations, brackets, the first half and the second half of the title all occupy the position of a word. The first half of them can be placed at the beginning of the line, but not at the end; The second half does not appear at the beginning of the line, but it can appear at the end of the line. Their place-occupying way is that the first half is written in the right half of a grid and the second half is written in the left half of a grid.

3. Both dash and ellipsis occupy the position of two words. They can be placed at the beginning of a line or at the end of a line, but you can't divide a symbol into two paragraphs. The six points of ellipsis should be evenly written in two squares, which is more compact. The two endpoints of the dash cannot intersect the edges of two cells, which is relatively compact. When there is only one cell left in the ellipsis or dash, do not divide the symbol into one line, one line and one and a half lines. Carefully examine the sentence as much as possible, or subtract words or add words to stagger the remaining cells. These two labels are written in the middle of the two boxes at the back.

4. Connectors and separators generally occupy the position of a word. The positions of these two symbols are written in the middle of the grid.

5. Bullets and proper names are marked at the bottom of the words, which emphasize that several words occupy several cells and are generally not commonly used.

(2) Writing requirements on straight (vertical) manuscript paper (commonly used in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan)

1. When writing a straight (vertical) line, the punctuation marks have the following formats: period, question mark, exclamation point, comma, pause, semicolon and colon are placed at the lower right of the word, which also occupy the position of a word.

2. Dashes, ellipses, hyphens and spaces are placed in the middle of words.

3. Use ""and ""in quotation marks. The two parts of brackets are placed above and below the marked words respectively.

The bullet is marked on the right side of the word. Proper nouns are marked to the left of words. Which symbols should not be placed at the beginning and end of a line? The rules for straight writing and horizontal writing are the same.

(3) the writing of punctuation marks in composition topics

The writing of punctuation marks in titles can guide students to choose teaching materials. The general rule is:

1, the title of the text, that is, the end of the first-level title, is generally not punctuated.

2. The title (also called subtitle) inside the text, that is, the end of the second and third-level titles, is generally not punctuated if written in the middle; If the subtitle is written in two spaces and marked with serial number (such as 1, 2, 3, first, second, third, etc. ), you can add a period at the end of the subtitle.

3. The first theme of the paragraph in the text, that is, the title of the first sentence of the natural paragraph of the text, can be added with a period at the end; If you don't add a period, you can leave a space between the first topic of the paragraph and the following text.

(4) the usage of punctuation in the hierarchical ordinal number of the article structure

1. When using "first", "second" and "again" to indicate the order, use commas after "first", "second" and "again" respectively. For example, "first", "second" and "again".

2. When using "first", "second" and "third" to indicate the order, use commas after "first", "second" and "third" respectively. For example, "first", "second" and "third".

3. When using "one is", "two is" and "three is" to indicate the order, you can use commas after "one is", "two is" and "three is" respectively. Such as "one is", "two is" and "three is". You can also connect directly to the bottom without punctuation.

4. When using "A", "B", "C" and "D" to indicate the sequence, add a pause after "A", "B", "C" and "D" respectively. For example, a, b, c and d.

5. After "on the one hand" and "on the other hand", you can connect the following directly with commas or without punctuation.

In short, we only need to follow the standards put forward in the curriculum standards in teaching.