What is a man with 1000 eyes?

14-year-old Mrs Francis Blackwell Forbes walked into the room. There are several medical experts waiting for her in the room. It seems that she is no different from an ordinary healthy child. Two hours later, she came out of the room, leaving behind several experts who were surprised and confused.

Margaret spent 14 years in a small community in Enanson, Virginia, where her father was the director of the Shabick-Ohio Railway Relief Warehouse. Mr. Francis Blackwell Forbes said that he noticed that those children often like to indulge in blindfolding games with his daughter. When playing, some children show higher ability than others, and can better dodge or find some obstacles such as trees.

Mr. Francis Blackwell Forbes went on to say that Margaret's genius in this field has reached a surprising level. It occurred to him for the first time that she could see through sight. He once took measures to stop her from peeping and then tested her. Therefore, she can obviously look at things as usual. Some other children seem to have the same ability to varying degrees, but no one can achieve the ability that Margaret finally got.

1960 1 one afternoon, Mr. Francis Blackwell Forbes told a group of medical experts in the American Veterans Administration Center that because Margaret completely trusted him and obeyed his guidance, he believed that she might make great progress. Three weeks later, Mr. Francis Blackwell Forbes said that after the child was blindfolded, she could point out big objects such as tables and doors, and then, soon, she could point out and describe the following small objects: textbooks, hats, clocks and small pieces of paper. Then, she can gradually describe colors, the structure of objects, and even read printed words in newspapers.

Once, Margaret couldn't read the words in the newspaper. Her father didn't know how to help her correct it, so he suggested that she "blow away" the cigarette-mentally. It is strange that the problem is solved in this way.

If medical experts are skeptical about this in the experiment, it may be an uncompromising cover-up. There was a railway clerk who had never received medical training, but he affirmed that he trained his daughter to read and distinguish colors without eyes. This is not normal! Except those who vaguely remember the work done by Dr. Jules Romeyn 35 years ago, others will think it is abnormal.

With doctors involved in the experiment, does Mr. Francis Blackwell Forbes's words still hold water?

On that unforgettable afternoon, the doctors blindfolded the girl. The blindfolding method used satisfies the doctors: the blindfolding cloth includes not only small pieces of cotton and bandages that are used to it, but also a lot of adhesive tapes, which makes them doubly believe that she will never be able to use her eyesight as usual.

In this case, Margaret, who is 14 years old, can read excerpts from the Bible and snippets from magazines and newspapers at will, distinguish colors in various advertisements, play chess and identify objects randomly selected by doctors, which surprises experts.

This is a dramatic and confusing demonstration when it is impossible to use vision. Is this a deceptive act? Can the child see? But the doctor blindfolded himself. They think it is impossible to cheat in this situation. During the whole test, she was under their supervision every minute, and there was no chance to play tricks at all. When the doctor removed the tape and bandage, the heavy cross-shaped tape concentrated in front of her eyes, forming an opaque eye patch. If she hadn't tilted her head back to avoid the tape, she wouldn't have seen the test object.

Columnist Drew Pearson reported the test in articles published in several newspapers at the same time, in which he quoted a psychiatrist who participated in the scene as saying afterwards: "I believe that a certain part of the brain will be discovered."

Then, Mrs. Francis Blackwell Forbes met the public in a TV program called "Interesting People" on 1960 1 month 15 and 22.

1956, there was a report from Scotland that a blind boy was trained to see through his skin. This report was approved by Dr. Karl Koenig, the director of Kemp Hill Rudolph I School.

On the advice of Dr. Koenig, the school accepted the blind child 14 years old. The compassionate child seems to have no education. He can only speak in a rude, harsh and parrot-like way.

According to past experience, children are placed on benches, surrounded by partitions framed with white paper to exclude external light. Then, he and the paper were illuminated with strong light at different times.

The doctor's report said that before long, the child began to react to a certain color. He learns to speak, sing and recite poems correctly. He became strong and healthy. What is more noteworthy is that when his general condition improved, his skin tissue also changed. The doctors saw very clearly that the child could distinguish different colors of light.

Dr Koenig also reported an interesting thing that happened in the same school. A deaf and blind child was put in a dark room and then illuminated with colored lights. Then, a lighted candle was placed between the child and the teacher. After a while, the child can follow the teacher's gestures accurately. The most amazing thing is that he "saw" a small object 6 feet away. Because he saw them clearly, he could pick them up on the floor alone.

Another book about this unique field is The Aspects by Vader Maigang, which was published by Atlantis Junior and Brown in 1957. The author of this book is a young Indian. When he was only 3 years old, he was blind due to meningitis. When Vader was a child, he could ride his bike through some busy streets in his hometown of India. As a student in an American university, he was often asked by the office to carry a white crutch traditionally used by the blind, but Vader stressed that he didn't need it. As we all know, he hitchhiked around the United States without assistance.

How could he do that? Wade Maigang claims that he has what he calls "facial vision", so he can avoid collisions and moving vehicles on the road. He couldn't explain it accurately, but he said he could really "see" things through his skin with his face.

From Dr. Romeyn to Dr. Koenig and Dr. Wade McGonagall, more and more facts prove that people can sometimes see without eyes.

The strange function of the fetus. Thirst is an alarm. You must have tasted "thirst": dry mouth, burning lips and burning all over. When you see water, you will jump over and pick up the bowl and drink it upside down.

What do you mean thirsty?

Thirst means that there is no water in the body, not water shortage in general. Medical scientists have tested that when people feel thirsty, they are already short of water by at least 2%. That is to say, if a person weighs 50 kg, at least 50 kg× 0.02 =1kg of water will be lost. From this perspective, thirst is a signal, and the body is warning us: "No, drink water quickly!" " "Without thirst, we may never remember to drink water, and we will definitely kill people.

Turn over the history of medicine and look back at what the predecessors said about "thirst". You will see that thirst is a feeling of people and a reaction when there is too little saliva in the mouth. Thirst is also a human instinct, just like wanting to eat when you are hungry, nothing special.

For modern medical scientists, this statement cannot but cause a series of doubtful questions: Is "thirst" really that simple? Who is in charge of this feeling of thirst in the human body? How did thirst come from? With these questions, medical scientists began their own research.

Let's look at an interesting experiment first.

The experiment is like this: the largest vein in the stomach of mice (called inferior vena cava) is firmly ligated with silk thread. In this way, the blood in the hind legs and stomach can't all return to the heart, and the heart loses 40% of the blood, and the mouse falls into a state of hypovolemia. When mice wake up from anesthesia, the first thing they do is to drink water, and it doesn't stop. In other words, insufficient blood volume is a cause of thirst. Now the question comes: Why is the lack of blood thirsty? Physicians have done so many experiments, and one of them surprised them the most: even if the inferior vena cava was ligated, the rats with kidney removed would not revel and seemed not thirsty. Why is this?

Then, the doctor crushed the kidney, filtered out the debris, extracted the juice and injected it into the blood vessels of the mice. Guess what? The mouse began to drink water desperately. Medical scientists have discovered a chemical called "angiotensin" from the juice of the kidney, which will make mice crave blood. In this way, the problem seems clear. In hot weather, when we run hard and sweat all over, our blood volume will decrease. When the blood volume is low, the kidney produces this angiotensin, and thirst is born from it.

At this point in the experiment, should it be over? No, the doctor still has to ask, why does angiotensin cause thirst? Besides this angiotensin, what else can cause thirst?

Many scientists believe that angiotensin must be produced from the kidney and enter the brain with the blood flow, and most parts of the brain are sensitive to this chemical (medical scientists name it "angiotensin receptor"). Medical scientists also look for this receptor in animal brains. However, the search results caused controversy. Many scientists believe that this receptor is in front of the third ventricle of the brain, a place called the subfornical organ. However, after several scientists destroyed this part of the brain tissue of mice, they injected them with angiotensin. It should be said that the mice should not be thirsty any more, but after a week or two, as long as they are injected with angiotensin again, the mice will be thirsty as hell immediately. Some medical scientists believe that the subfornical receptor is not the only part that can stimulate thirst. There must be other parts of the brain that can stimulate thirst, but I can't find them yet? Other scientists cut off the vagus nerve near the abdominal diaphragm in mice. After the mice returned to normal, they were made thirsty by various methods (including the method of reducing blood volume mentioned above), but the mice did not respond to thirst at all. So these scientists say that thirst is not only determined by the brain, but also by other departments.

There is no doubt that insufficient blood volume will cause thirst. But there are many theories about how it causes thirst, and until today, there is no satisfactory answer.

There are many sayings about thirst, and none of them can be accepted by everyone at present.

2. The Secret of Pain Few people have never suffered. Toothache, headache, stomachache, etc. Pain is one of the sufferings of life. According to the investigation of medical experts, there are more than 1000 kinds of pain. Some pains, such as toothache and surgical pain, were terrible at that time, but well, the pain passed. However, some pains will never pass, and it will torment people for many years. In the United States alone, there are about 30 million patients with arthritis, 70 million patients with long-term back pain, 20 million patients with migraine, and millions of patients with various other long-term diseases, the most terrible of which is cancer, who are always accompanied by pain.

Pain is originally an alarm system for people to get sick, which can remind people of illness. If you are sick and feel no pain at all, it will be a disaster. However, children without pain have been found in China and abroad. These children don't know the pain of fracture and scald, so they are prone to danger.

What causes the pain? Why did it suddenly come without warning? Why don't you disappear sometimes? So far, no one can explain these problems clearly.

According to a brain expert's research, some pains will leave a long-term impression on the nervous system. Even if the cause of pain disappears, the pain will still exist. Getting rid of such pain is almost as difficult as getting rid of memory. In ancient Egypt, such pain was interpreted as being caused by sacredness and ghosts.

Modern knowledge about pain began to be discovered more than 20 years ago. The modern scientific explanation of pain is that the information of pain is released by some chemicals originally stored or near nerve endings. Among these chemicals, there are painful neurochemicals, which can transmit the information of illness to the brain due to some contact.

According to some experts, pain is also a very complicated experience. It is difficult to distinguish psychological pain from physical pain. There is such a story:

A recruit from the United States, fighting on a Pacific island for the first time. He felt a sharp pain when a shell fell beside him and exploded. He was taken to the medical station on a stretcher. After examination by the doctor, he was not hurt at all, but the kettle was broken by shrapnel and sent back to the front. At this time, the explosion of shells became more violent. Suddenly, he felt a sharp pain in his head again, and this time there was blood flowing out. The second time, he was taken to the medical station. After examination by the doctor, the injury was not serious, but there were broken shrapnel embedded in the face. After being taken out and bandaged, he returned to the front. At this time, almost all the soldiers in his company were killed. The third time, his foot was blown off, but this time he didn't feel any pain.

After telling an expert about his experience, the American soldier said that when the kettle was hit for the first time, he felt the most pain, followed by the injury on his face. The expert explained: "The degree of pain varies from person to person." Fear, anxiety, nervousness and the expectation of disaster sometimes aggravate the pain. But if you have some strong motives, you can also suppress the pain. In the movie Private Zhang Ga, Zhang Ga was shot by the enemy while chasing him, but he didn't find himself injured. This is a representative example.

At the same time, we can also use other methods to relieve pain, such as using analgesic drugs and anesthetics, and listening to music can also have this effect.

3. The secret of breathing Our lungs are very busy. All day long, it keeps breathing fresh air, leaving oxygen in the air, and then exhales the waste gas (carbon dioxide) produced by the body. Even if you fall asleep, it will never "lie down".

Because the human body can't lack oxygen for a moment, and it can't tolerate the residual waste gas in the body. Otherwise, all the chemical changes in the body will get out of control!

But, you know what? Before people were born, their lungs were flat and there was no air in them! And the lungs are full of "water" (called "lung fluid" by medical scientists). So when I was born, trouble came.

First of all, you must expel all the water from your lungs, otherwise, how can you get into the air?

Secondly, the deflated lungs have to be opened, which requires the baby to inhale by himself. But how does the baby know that he was born and it's time to inhale? How on earth did this first breath happen?

4. Mysteriously missing "water"

The water in the fetal lungs is between 60 ml and 70 ml, and the water in the fetal lungs is between 100 ml and 200 ml. Isn't this a small sum?

But as soon as the child is born and inhaled, most of the water disappears. Where did they go? Medical scientists have been looking for the whereabouts of this water.

Some medical scientists say that when the fetus runs out of the mother's original "residence" (uterus), it must pass through a crowded and narrow channel (birth canal). It is because of this crowding that the water in the lungs is squeezed out and flows away from the nose and mouth. The medical scientist measured the squeezed water, accounting for about two thirds of the total. So, what about the rest of the water?

After research, medical scientists found that the first time a baby inhales, it is very hard, the suction is large, and there is more air in the lungs. Then, he exhaled hard, driving the water in the small bubbles in the lungs up, and the lymphatic vessels in the lungs immediately sucked the water away. After breathing so many times, I cleaned up the rest of the water!

However, this statement has attracted opposition from other medical experts. They said: For babies delivered by caesarean section, their bodies did not pass through the birth canal, but the water in their lungs can still be discharged quickly. In addition, it is ok to absorb water through lymphatic vessels, but it is not so convenient when there is more water.

Until now, medical scientists still don't know how the water in the baby's lungs is taken away!

5. How to open the flat lung? The most interesting thing is the second question: how do the lungs start breathing when a baby is born?

Most medical scientists believe that babies come into this cold world from their mothers' stomachs. The cold stimulates the lung nerves responsible for lung breathing, and breathing begins. They experimented with sheep fetuses, took them out and soaked them in cold water at 10℃. The fetus that didn't breathe began to breathe. After that, when the water temperature rises a little, the fetus still breathes, but when the water temperature rises to 40℃, the breathing disappears. It can be seen that cold is the reason why the fetus begins to breathe.

Some medical scientists disagree with this statement. They think that some children are born without breathing, and babies just don't breathe. Moreover, the temperature in tropical areas is sometimes higher than the maternal body temperature, but no matter whether it is cold or hot outside, the baby still needs to breathe.

So there's another way of saying it. Some people say that people have a natural nature: when encountering scary or very unexpected things, they can't help but gasp. The birth of the baby is also a sudden change for him, which will scare the baby to inhale. This breath just became the beginning of breathing, and he has been breathing ever since. However, the serious medical scientist really measured the strength of the baby's first inhalation, which was three times greater than usual, but the strength of inhaling backwards when frightened was far less. So this statement is a bit reluctant.

Other medical scientists believe that after the baby is born, the oxygen originally supplied by the mother is gone, but his lungs have not received the order to start breathing. At this time, the body lacks oxygen, and the waste gas cannot be discharged and accumulates in the body. In this way, the brain is urged by the double reaction of hypoxia and waste gas, and it will also be anxious. It will soon wake up the part of the brain responsible for breathing, so it will send instructions to the lungs, and the lungs will hold their breath. This statement sounds reasonable, but opposing medical scientists have raised a question: they didn't get much oxygen during the fetal period, but this oxygen is enough for them. Therefore, the fetal brain has become accustomed to hypoxia. Even if you don't breathe for two or three minutes after birth, will it still make your brain panic?

There are several other versions. The more statements you make, doesn't it mean that you haven't found a suitable statement yet? People who never sleep According to the traditional medical point of view, sleep is food for the brain. In this case, what do you think of those brains that don't need sleep? What is the essential relationship between brain and sleep?

19 18 After her mother died suddenly, Egulide, a Swedish woman, was unable to fall asleep as before because of excessive mental stimulation. The doctor prescribed her many sedatives and powerful sleeping pills, but they didn't have any effect. Every night, she insists on doing housework and goes to bed when she is tired. By 1973, Agulide was 86 years old and lived in a nursing home. She has always been in good health and has not been affected by years of sleepless nights.

There is a retired textile worker in Cuba. Since 13 years old, he has not slept for more than 40 years. According to him, "I lost the ability to sleep. When I had tonsillectomy after encephalitis, I was psychologically frightened and couldn't sleep from then on. "

1970, a group of doctors in a mental hospital made a comprehensive observation of him for two weeks. Instrument monitoring shows that even if he lies with his eyes closed, his brain is still as active as a sober person, and he is definitely not asleep.

In the 1940s, the United States produced a famous sleepless Orr Hezin. Old people living in New Jersey have never had a bed at home, and they can't even see a hammock. He has never even taken a nap in his life. Many doctors monitor in shifts, only to find that Orr, who has abnormal sleep, is in a better mental state and physical state than the average person. At night, when he was exhausted, he sat in an old rocking chair and looked at something. When he felt his strength restored, he went on working. The doctor can't explain Orr's insomnia. Orr's mother thinks this may be related to her serious injury a few days before giving birth to Orr.

By the time Orr was 90, he lived longer than many doctors who slept normally.

Can't sleep belong to brain dysfunction? In fact, some people with insomnia are smarter. Lebede, French, was born in Paris in 179 1 and died in 1864. In his 73-year career, he didn't sleep for 7 1 year.

This situation stems from an accident when he was 2 years old. 1793, he and his parents went to see the scene where King Louis XVI was hanged. Unexpectedly, the audience collapsed and he fell into a coma. Although rescued by doctors, the skull is broken and difficult to repair. For this reason, he can't sleep all his life. But this did not hinder his studies and exams, and he later became a prestigious scholar. How on earth does Lebede's brain work endlessly like a heart?

Spain's Setovia 19 years old woke up from sleep, and then sleep gradually decreased. By 1955, sleep was completely beyond his ability. In the past 33 years, Spaniards have spent12,000 sleepless days and nights. Domestic medical circles are extremely interested in him, but all kinds of measures are in vain. For decades, he has never been able to let Setovia sleep once. Although Setovia hasn't slept for a long time, he is strong and energetic, and looks full of energy without any tiredness. Every night he lies in bed like a normal person, but instead of sleeping, he reads books and listens to the radio. In the morning, he gets up like everyone else and starts his day's work. In this way, day after day, year after year.

Predicting nightmares is a normal physiological phenomenon. Physiologically speaking, when the brain enters a rest state, that is, when it enters a sleep state, a small number of cells in the brain will be in an excited state, which will cause people in sleep to have an unconscious thinking activity, which is a dream.

Since dreams are a physiological behavior of human beings, they should be like human heartbeat and breathing, which will not arouse people's interest and have no mystery. But for many years, the concept of dreaming and dream interpretation has been popular among the people. What is this? The reason is that many people's dreams will hint at what will happen, especially things that bring bad luck to the dreamer. Therefore, the suggestibility of this dream has aroused great concern, and the industry of dreamers has risen.

In dreams, some people often dream that they will meet someone they like, or that someone they love will die of illness. When these dreams come true soon, people begin to believe that dreams are a kind of information and a kind of warning and reminder given by the gods, so dreams are covered with a mysterious veil.

Because dreams are inspired by the gods, many dreamers become messengers of the gods. Through the dream scenes described by dreamers, they use crystal balls, copper coins and so on. As a prop to give a very profound explanation to dreams. Dreamers of many ethnic groups are mostly medical wizards and well-informed. With the development of history, the analysis of dreams is permeated with scientific concepts. Scholars today have many instruments to analyze brain waves and brain cell activities when people dream.

Freud is a psychologist, and his interpretation of dreams has a large number of readers in every corner of the world. He interpreted dreams as an expression of repressed human desires in real life and an exposure of people's subconscious. And through dreams, he can detect the mental and physical diseases of the dreamer, and then take measures to treat the diseases of the dreamer, which really benefits a lot. For example, he can infer from a woman's dream of a cylindrical body, connect it with male genitals, and come to the conclusion that this woman has a strong sexual desire and cannot be satisfied in life.

Although Freud's theory has been recognized by many people, dreams, as a physiological activity, bring the information mystery of the future and the past, which is still a big mystery that puzzles modern people.

1. Boxers dream of death. 1947, Sugar Ray Robinson participated in the middleweight boxing championship, and his opponent was Jimmy Doyle. The night before the game, Robinson had a dream, which seemed to be a clear and terrible warning and woke him up. When Robinson later recalled the dream in his autobiography, he wrote: "Doyle and I fought in the boxing ring." I hit him a few times and he fell. " He stared at me with wide eyes, and I looked at him, not knowing what to do. At this time, the referee counted to 10 second, but Doyle still did not move when he counted to 10. I heard someone in the crowd shouting, "He's dead, he's dead." "

Robinson was troubled by this dream and told coach George Gainford and competition organizer Larry Atkins that he didn't want to take part in the competition. Both of them said he was ridiculous. Atkins said, "Don't be ridiculous. Dreams will not come true. If my dream comes true, I will become a millionaire. " Robinson still refused to play, and was finally persuaded by a priest who was invited in a hurry.

This is a defense war. That night, Robinson and Doyle fought fiercely for seven rounds, just to find out how to give full play to their respective advantages and take advantage of enemy planes first. So in the eighth round, he punched Doyle in the abdomen and head with his two right hands, which made Doyle dizzy, and then punched Doyle in the chin with a left hook, knocking Doyle to the ground. Doyle fell like a tree, with his chest on the ground and unable to lie on his back. Robinson stood by and looked at him as if in a dream. When the referee counted to fourth, Doyle reached out and shook it, and then he never moved again. Doyle died the next afternoon.

This kind of story has been circulated among the people since ancient times. However, this is only the mental confusion when people fall asleep. The dreamer is both an audience and an actor in his dream. Although dreams are deeply influenced by memories, they are obviously not just memories, because dreams usually involve things that have never happened, and the places in dreams are not real. Dreams rely on imagination, but dreams are far more real than any daydream, and the feelings aroused are stronger and more uncontrollable. Although dreams are not as real as daily life, they often appear unusually real and seemingly unpredictable.

Therefore, it is no wonder that many people firmly believe that dreams are a kind of information. But where did this information come from? Did you come by yourself? Is it from someone else? Is it from God? Did you come back from the dead? The most important question is, no matter where this information comes from, how is the most appropriate explanation?

Inventing a snake with benzene molecular structure in a dream is a well-known symbol of a dream. After dreaming of a snake, the German chemist Koguray actually helped him solve a problem that has puzzled him for a long time, that is, the molecular structure model of benzene compounds. In his dream, he saw those benzene molecules jumping around and suddenly turning into a snake, biting his tail. When Kegulei woke up, he felt "like thunder" and suddenly realized that the structure of benzene molecule was cyclic. Precht, an American Assyrian scholar, got a similar harvest in his sleep. He has been studying two agates engraved with words, but he can't understand anything. Once, he dreamed that he was talking to a Babylonian monk, who told him that the two agates were two pieces of the same stone. Precht later connected the two pieces together and deciphered the words on them.

The great musician Tatini also said that he got music handed down by the devil in his dream.

Tatini dreamed that he made an agreement with the devil Satan like Faust and gave the violin to the devil. Tatini later wrote: "I am very surprised, how beautifully he plays the violin!" That sonata is so beautiful and exquisite that it is completely beyond my imagination. "Tatini picked up the violin as soon as he woke up." I tried to write down the music I heard in my dream, but in vain. Although the' devil sonata' I wrote at that time was the best music I ever wrote, it was far from what I heard in my dream! "

3. Predicting volcanic eruption in a dream seems to have omen, which makes the problem of dreams more complicated. Dunn, an American pilot, claimed that he had many dreams about signs. Dunn and his troops were stationed in South Africa during the Boer War. One night, he had a bizarre and vivid dream, and he later wrote this story into a best seller. Dunn dreamed that he was standing on a hill, watching a volcano about to erupt, and water vapor emerged from the surrounding ground. He was very scared. Then, Dunn saw himself on a nearby island and begged French officials there to send a boat to save about 4000 people in distress. While he was begging, he woke up.

Soon, the latest English newspaper sent to Dunn's camp reported a disaster, which was very similar to the scene in his dream. The headline of the Daily Telegraph is "Volcanic eruption on Martinique Island". The article reported that about 40,000 people died in this volcanic eruption in the French West Indies, and the number of victims was 10 times that of Dunn's dream. Of course, the survivors have been transported away.

Almost everyone who has read Dunn's works knows that his information is detailed and reliable. He also mentioned several similar things in his works. One night, he dreamed that he was near Khartoum, Sudan, and suddenly he saw three ragged Englishmen who claimed to be from the southern tip of Africa. The next morning, he went to the Daily Telegraph.