Where did Zhuge Liang borrow the east wind? Is it really borrowed?

Battle of Red Cliffs, as one of the most famous battles in history, has been passed down through the ages, which contains many stories, among which Zhuge Liang borrowed the east wind. Zhuge Liang, a strange man in history, knows astronomy above and geography below. Everyone must have heard the story of him borrowing the east wind in Battle of Red Cliffs. How did he borrow Dongfeng? Can Dongfeng really borrow it? Want to know the reason, please see below!

Is it true that Zhuge Liang borrowed the east wind?

Zhuge Liang has no ability to penetrate heaven and earth, and of course he can't borrow the east wind. The east wind has its own east wind, and people don't know Zhuge Liang is familiar with the climate change and makes good use of it, so that the weak army can play its best combat effectiveness with the help of the east wind.

Zhuge Liang borrowed the east wind. It was October of the lunar calendar. In 10, the temperature will rise for several days, and there will be a sunny climate. Zhuge Liang took advantage of this climatic condition and borrowed the east wind. Cao Cao's warship chain also stems from his understanding of astronomical climate. Battleship chains are good for water combat, but they are afraid of fire attacks. However, Cao Jun's water army is in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, located in the northwest, while Wu Dong's water army is in the lower reaches, located in the southeast. October of the lunar calendar is winter, and the northwest wind blows, so Wu Dong lacks the conditions for firepower. In this regard, Zhuge Liang and Zhou Yu have long known. So Zhou Yu was so worried and anxious that she fainted.

So Zhuge Liang came to power, mystifying himself and borrowing the east wind. The real reason behind it is that Zhuge Liang knows that a certain climate will turn southeast three days before and after. He calculated the date, so he pretended to borrow the east wind and the soldiers attacked and defeated Cao Cao. Cao Cao defeated Chibi and fled back to the north. He couldn't help laughing. The ministers were surprised and asked him what was funny about his fiasco. Cao Cao said, I paid such a big price that I didn't understand the climate change in October of the lunar calendar until now.

Where does Zhuge Liang borrow from the east wind

In July of the 13th year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao marched south to Jingzhou.

In August, Liu Biao died in Jingzhou, and his youngest son, Liu Cong, succeeded to the throne and lived in Xiangyang. Liubeitun Fancheng.

In September, when Cao Cao went to Xinye, Liu Cong kept Liu Bei in the dark and surrendered without a fight. Liu Bei fled south hastily and defeated Xia Kou. Cao Cao marched into Jiangling and tried to conquer Jiangnan.

In October, Zhuge Liang went to Jiangdong. Sun Quan decided to unite Liu Kangcao, appointed Zhou Yu and Cheng Pu as the left and right governors, and Lu Su as the captain of Zanjun, and joined Liu Beijun to go to Chibi.

1 1 month to1February, Sun Liu's allied troops fought Cao Jun for the first time in Chibi, and Cao Jun was defeated and retreated to the Wulin in Jiangbei. Cao Jun suffered from diseases and epidemics, and many soldiers died, so they connected warships. Huang Gai pretended to surrender, set fire to Chibi and defeated Cao Jun. Cao Cao returned from Huarong Road to the north.

Of course, the hero of Battle of Red Cliffs doesn't know that Zhou Yu is the only one, and the other is his partner and old enemy Zhuge Liang, who loves and hates. Zhuge Liang borrowed an arrow from a straw boat, which is a familiar story for readers. Luo Guanzhong used many artistic means in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, which made readers marvel at Zhuge Liang's command and calculation ability. First, let's review the story:

On the eve of Battle of Red Cliffs, Zhou Yu prepared to launch a fire attack, burn Cao Jun's warships and defeat Cao Cao. However, Zhou Yu made a mistake in his busy schedule. He didn't expect that the fire attack had high requirements for the wind direction, and in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in the middle of winter, there were many northwest winds and no southeast winds. If you light the northwest wind, Cao Jun is in the limelight, but he just burns himself, and he can't burn Cao Jun at all.

Zhou Yu couldn't figure out a way and fell ill at once. Zhuge Liang was in Zhou Yu's army at that time, helping to make suggestions. After learning the cause of Zhou Yu, he gave Zhou Yu a "prescription": "If you want to break through Cao Jun, you must attack with fire. Everything is ready, only the east wind. " Zhou Yu asked Zhuge Liang to find a way to "build" the east wind, and Zhuge Liang immediately promised: "You can borrow it." So Zhou Yu had a seven-star altar built. Zhuge Liang's posturing on the altar. To "borrow the east wind". On the day of the battle, the southeast wind was strong, and Zhou Yu took the opportunity to attack and captured Cao Jun at one stroke.

In fact, Zhuge Liang is good at predicting the weather. He knew through the forecast that there was a southeast wind that day, and he didn't borrow it at all. This is just a practice of Zhuge Liang's meteorological knowledge. Then how did Zhuge Liang know that the southeast wind would blow when Battle of Red Cliffs arrived? When does the southeast wind blow? (fortune telling)

Chibi is in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in East Asia. In winter, the land cools faster than the ocean, so cold high pressure, such as Siberian high pressure, often forms in Central Asia. In this way, the northwest wind should prevail in Chibi area at that time.

However, it is not impossible to blow southeast winds in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in the dead of winter. In summary, there are two possibilities.

1. Due to the complex and changeable atmospheric movement, it is likely that a small depression will occasionally appear in the west of Chibi area. The low pressure in the northern hemisphere is a cyclone, and the airflow flows counterclockwise. In this way, the southeast wind just blows to Chibi in the east of the low pressure.

2. It is also possible that there is a small high pressure east of Chibi. The high pressure in the northern hemisphere is an anticyclone, and the airflow flows clockwise. In this way, the southeast wind just blows in the Chibi area in the west of the high pressure.

Therefore, the truth of "borrowing" Dongfeng is actually:

A small high pressure formed in the west of Chibi and gradually moved eastward. When this anticyclone passes through Chibi area, Chibi area is affected by it, which is foggy at night and sunny during the day. When the anticyclone moved to the east of Chibi area, the southeast wind prevailed in Chibi area under its action. Dongfeng borrowed. As for Kong Ming's ability to predict southeast wind, there are several possibilities.

1. He is proficient in astronomy and geography and can judge climate anomalies according to some natural phenomena at that time.

2. It may be that the southeast wind has begun to blow, and the military decision made by Kong Yu is not to prepare for the east wind.

It may be a myth that the east wind burns Chibi. In the windless state, Cao Jun can also be set on fire by using some topographical factors.

How did Zhuge Liang "borrow" the east wind? The story of Zhuge Liang borrowing from the east wind

Zhuge Liang borrowed the east wind: In our opinion, the southeast wind that happened that winter was undoubtedly borrowed by Zhuge Liang. Think about it, Cao Cao came from the northwest and swept Jingxiang. How arrogant he is! Wu Dong's talent, to shock, how depressed! Liu Bei fled at Xiakou and was in danger. How critical the situation is! It's winter now, and the northwest wind is raging. For the people of Dongwu and Liu Bei who are in trouble, isn't Cao Cao a chilling northwest wind? If Zhuge Liang didn't borrow the southeast wind, how could he save the crisis and win the victory in Battle of Red Cliffs?

When Zhuge Liang turned to Liu Bei for help from Sun Quan, he had actually begun to implement his plan to borrow the east wind. From "discussing Taoism with Confucianism" to "inspiring Sun Quan with wisdom", from "borrowing arrows from grass boats" to "offering sacrifices to the wind at the Seven Stars Altar", and finally to the occurrence of Battle of Red Cliffs, all these should be regarded as the process of Zhuge Liang borrowing from the east wind. Some scholars think that Zhuge Liang's war of words in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is wonderful, but none of the scholars who appeared in the scene mentioned it in their biographies, so it can be concluded that it is a fictional pseudo-history by novelists. But I thought that when Zhuge Liang came to Chaisang, there would be a fierce war of words in the face of Wu Dongru's remarks. The emerging Confucian groups may not be Zhang Zhao, Yu Fan, Bu Zhi, Xue Zong, Lu Ji, Yan Gang and Cheng Deshu. The statements and scenes described may also be rationalized and fabricated, but the historical authenticity cannot be easily denied. Especially the controversial issues in the war of words are quite intriguing.

Zhang Zhao's question is: "I heard that Liu Bei has always had the ambition to revive the Han Dynasty, and Mr. Zhang also has the talents of Guan Zhong and Le Yi. How can there be a defeat in Changbanpo, so that there is not much room to escape to Xiakou? " Zhuge Liang replied, "Liu Cong surrendered to Cao Cao and Liu Bei didn't know. At this critical moment, he couldn't bear to seize the opportunity to seize the inheritance of Liu Cong, so he went south to become a grandson. Hundreds of thousands of refugees followed, and Liu Bei could not bear to leave until Changbanpo was defeated. Despite this defeat, we can still see Liu Bei's great benevolence and righteousness. It is common for military strategists to lose and win. Emperor Gao was defeated by Xiang Yu many times, but he succeeded in the next World War. Now, how can you talk about heroes because of a temporary defeat? "

Feather fan asked again, "Cao Cao swept Jingxiang with hordes, eyeing Jiangnan." And Liu Bei was defeated in the sun, and his plan was poor in Xiakou. Sooner or later, life and death are unpredictable. Aren't you afraid? " Zhuge Liang replied: "Although Cao Cao has millions of heroes, he is actually a mob, not as terrible as he thought. Although Liu Bei has only a few thousand soldiers, he still has nothing to fear from Cao Cao. Now he retreats to Xiakou, just waiting for the right moment. Wu Dong soldiers have plenty of food and grass, and the Yangtze River is in jeopardy. Are you still afraid that Cao Cao will persuade you to surrender, even regardless of the ridicule of the whole world? " Commenting on current events, Mr. Xue said: "The Han Dynasty has been passed down from generation to generation, and the days will run out. Now there are three points in the world, and Cao Cao is second. Everyone has the fear of giving in. Liu Bei doesn't understand current politics and insists on doing the right thing with Cao Cao, just like throwing eggs at a stone. Is he invincible? "

Hearing this, Zhuge Liang replied sharply: "We are all subjects of the Han Dynasty, and patriotism is our duty. Now, you don't think about how to serve your country, but at the same time you publish the theory of national subjugation here. An interview will be biased towards the traitor Cao Cao. A disloyal and unfilial villain like you is not worth talking about! " Another Cheng Deshu said loudly: "Although Mr. Zhuge speaks well, he may not have any real talent and learning. Are you afraid of the jokes of learned Confucian scholars all over the world by showing off your breath so blindly? " Zhuge Liang replied, "Confucianism is different from gentlemen and villains." A gentleman is Confucian and Taoist, loyal to the monarch and patriotic, and keeps good and evil. He will never laugh at me. The villain of Confucianism is like Yang Xiong. Although he is a lackey of Wang Mang's family, what is commendable? "

The reason why I take pains to repeat the process of arguing with Confucianism here is because I often hear some scholars talk about history, and their views are just like those of Confucianism such as Zhang Zhao. It can be seen that today's social culture, although called diversification, is like the chaos of the Three Kingdoms. Scholars are complacent, but they don't know that their knowledge is no newer than that of Confucian scholars such as Zhang Zhao. I often sigh that if Zhuge Liang were still alive, he might have another war of words with these scholars.

Zhuge Liang's wisdom inspired Sun Quan, which can be seen in Three Kingdoms, Shu Shu and ZhuGeLiangZhuan. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms also designed a story about Zhuge Liang's encouragement to Zhou Yu, saying that Cao Cao attacked on a large scale in order to capture Wu Dong, Da Qiao and Xiao Qiao. Xiao Qiao's husband Zhou Yu flew into a rage. He left his seat, pointed to the north and scolded: "Cao Cao, an old thief, is so deceiving me!" " So he made up his mind to fight Cao Cao. According to the records in the reflection, Wu Shu and Zhou Yuchuan, Xiao Qiao married Zhou Yu three years after Jian 'an, but when she arrived in Battle of Red Cliffs, she should be a middle-aged woman in her thirties. Mr. Sheng Yunchang thinks that although Cao Cao is lewd, it is impossible for him to invade Wu Dong for two middle-aged women. In fact, in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Da Qiao and Xiao Qiao not only represent the women of Soochow, but also symbolize the beautiful and rich land of Soochow. Once Cao Cao occupied Wu Dong, women and land in Wu Dong were inevitably ravaged. How can you not be angry with Zhou Yu's blood?

As for the arrow borrowed from the straw boat, it seems that it is a rewriting of the idiom story "self-contradictory". The idiom story says, "What if a child's spear is used as a shield?" The straw boat borrows an arrow, which is "attacking Cao Cao's army with Cao Cao's arrow." Although it is rewritten, it is not new.

In Cao Cao's view, since Liu Bei and Wu Dong are not ministers, they are no different from bandits. Cao Cao led Wang Jun in the name of Prime Minister Han to conquer Liu Beihe, just like an arrow leaving the string. Who wants Liu Bei to go against Wu Dong and accuse Cao Cao of being a "Han thief named Han Xiang"? Isn't it "attacking Cao Cao's army with Cao Cao's arrow"? The straw boat borrows arrows, which means Zhuge Liang is good at taking advantage of the situation and borrowing power. On the one hand, it established the political advantage of Sun Liu's joint army, on the other hand, it formed an attack force against Cao Cao. In the Tang Dynasty, Zhou Wang wrote a poem "Looking Back at Chibi": "Plan ahead, Chibi will burn the flag. If Cao Cao is loyal to the Han Dynasty, how dare Zhou Lang break Julian Waghann? " This is the mystery.

"Seven-Star Altar Sacrifice to the Wind" is probably a ceremony to worship heaven and earth before the war, or a way to boost morale. When Cao Cao was under siege and everyone thought he would be defeated, Zhuge Liang inspired the fighting spirit of Dongwu soldiers with his fearless courage and wisdom. The terrible northwest wind suddenly turned into a just southeast wind. So I say that at such a critical historical juncture, the southeast wind actually symbolizes a kind of courage inspired by justice, a kind of strength that dares to defeat the strong with the weak.

The war is reversing, and so is the weather. The southeast wind of consciousness meets the southeast wind of nature, which finally determines Battle of Red Cliffs's victory. In the story of Zhuge Liang borrowing from the east wind, there is such a real history. The so-called southeast wind is both history and fiction. It is this historical fiction that makes a true historical story unfold with fable-like fragrance.