The story of Qin Shihuang burning books and burying Confucianism in classical Chinese

Bamboo cigarettes are sold for nothing, and the ancestral home locks the river.

Liu Xiang didn't study before the Grey Cold Shandong Rebellion.

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This song is a bitter satire and merciless condemnation of Qin Shihuang's tyrannical behavior of burning books and burying Confucianism in the turbulent situation at the end of Qin Dynasty. ?

In 2 13 BC (the thirty-fourth year of Qin Shihuang), Prime Minister Li Si was adopted as a memorial service and ordered to collect and burn Confucian poems, books and hundreds of books nationwide. Those who don't burn for 30 days after the order are punished as hard labor to build the city, which has caused a cultural catastrophe in the history of China. ?

The book burning pit is said to be the cave where books were burned in those days. The former site is on Lishan Mountain in the southeast of Lintong County, Shaanxi Province. Jason wrote this poem because he was there, moved by his eyes and his feelings. ?

Poetry touches on the theme from the beginning. In the first sentence, the contradiction was revealed in slightly exaggerated language: bamboo and silk turned to ashes and disappeared, and Qin Shihuang's imperial industry also perished, as if his world was burning in the book burning pit. This sentence is mixed with narration and discussion, which is bright and dark, real and virtual. "Bamboo Cigarette Pin" is a real text, with images visible. "Bamboo and silk" is the material for writing books in ancient times, which refers to books here. "Imperial industry is empty" is empty writing. This kind of alternate expression of reality and reality is very attractive. ?

The meaning of the second sentence "the imperial occupation is empty" goes further, saying that although the river is dangerous, it cannot defend Qin Shihuang's palace in the capital. "Guanhe" mainly refers to Hanguguan and the Yellow River, but it also includes other passes and rivers, such as Sanguan, Xiaoguan, Jinghe, Weihe, Xiaoshan and Huashan. Jia Yi commented on Qin: "Qin thought that mountains and rivers were solid, and it was also a country with four blockades." It is said that "river closure" summarizes all the geographical obstacles that can be relied on. Xianyang and Qin Dou, although surrounded by many Guanshan rivers, still can't be locked, so "On Crossing Qin" says: "Qin people don't guard against danger, beams don't close, halberds don't stab, crossbows don't shoot. Chu Shi went deep and fought in Hong Men, and the barriers were not difficult. " No matter how strong the "fence" is, it can't stop the insurgents from marching. The poem sums up the historical facts of the turmoil in the late Qin dynasty and even the death of Qin dynasty with the phrase "sealing the river and locking the ancestors", which is concise and profound; And the image is now out, and the abstract concept of "imperial industrial deficiency" is written with emotion and scenery, description and comment, which is very memorable. "Zulong" refers to Qin Shihuang. The substitution of "Zulong" for "the first emperor" here is not simply the pursuit of allusions, but the need for expression and performance. A legend is recorded in Historical Records of Qin Shihuang: In the thirty-sixth year of Qin Shihuang, a man of God said to the messenger of Qin State, "Zulong died this year." The messenger reported back to the first emperor, who listened and said nothing for a long time. Later, he explained himself: "The ancestors of dragons came first." Qin Shihuang wanted to be the ancestor of the "dragon" for generations. At this time, the river changed hands, and the word "Zulong" was reversed, which added new ideas and became a wonderful satire on Qin Shihuang, and it was tortuous and literary, in line with the charm of poetry. ?

The third question is to further judge the matter of "burning books" with historical facts. Qin Shihuang, Li Si and others regarded "books" as a curse, and believed that burning books could eliminate disasters, and the world was peaceful from then on. As a result, it backfired, and the victorious Qin Dynasty soon fell into a precarious situation. "Not cold" is an exaggeration to highlight the absurdity of burning books. In fact, it was four years since Chen burned books and Guang raised the flag for the first time in osawa Township. ?

The last sentence expresses opinions and feelings. Shandong rebellion lasted for a period of time, and the Qin Dynasty finally died at the hands of Liu Bang and Xiang Yu. One of the two men has been in the market for a long time, and the other is a professional. Neither of them is a scholar. It can be seen that "book" is not necessarily a curse, and "burning books" is not necessarily an effective measure to consolidate "the inheritance of later emperors" (on Qin Dynasty). Saying that "Liu Xiang doesn't study" can destroy Qin's "burning books" is simply a teasing tone, which contains extremely spicy irony. Starting with "bamboo and silk" and ending with "book", the ends are connected like rings, which is round and natural. ?

It is really not easy for argumentative poetry to analyze things and show images. This poem adopts a comic expression: revealing contradictions and putting Qin Shihuang in a position of self-denial. This writing seems euphemistic and calm on the surface, but in fact the attitude of opposition and hatred is very clear. If this is the expression of "complaining without anger", then it is also a successful artistic technique.