Berlin was bombed in World War II. Why is there the Brandenburg Gate? How did it become an international metropolis?

It may be a coincidence that after the Soviet army entered Berlin, it mainly attacked the Reichstag and the Chancellery, and Hitler himself hid in the basement of the Chancellery. Because there was no danger in defending the Brandenburg Gate during the war, the Germans did not fortify the Brandenburg Gate, so the Soviets did not destroy it on a large scale. Providing economic assistance through the Marshall Plan has high national quality and a good economic foundation.

After World War II, the world was in a period of temporary peace, and the relatively stable international environment enabled the economies of various countries to recover and develop. The Federal Republic of Germany, in particular, is known as the "high flyers of economic development" and has achieved great success called "miracle" in economic development. There are many reasons for the success of the Federal Republic of Germany.

Mainly: first,

Before the war, Germany was a developed capitalist country, and the Federal Republic of Germany concentrated 70% of its equipment and energy.

62.4% of electric power and industrial output value, which laid a solid material and technical foundation for industrial recovery and development; sequence

Second, we carried out timely economic reforms and established an effective social market economy.

System; Third, vigorously develop education, create a grand scientific and technological team, and pay attention to introducing foreign countries.

Into the technology. 1950- 1970, the number of college students in the Federal Republic of Germany increased from 100339 to 4 1 195 1, with an average of.

The number of college students per 10,000 residents increased from 2 1 to 67.9. In addition to formal school education, the Federal Republic of Germany is also very heavy.

Depending on the amateur education of employees, it is stipulated that middle school graduates who will no longer enter colleges and universities will enjoy legal leisure within three years.

Go to receive formal course education on the 24th. In order to speed up the development of science and technology, the Federal Republic of Germany also pays special attention to introducing foreign advanced technology.

Surgery. From 1950 to 1973, the expenditure on patents and licenses imported by the Federal Republic of Germany increased from DM 22 million to DM10 million.

1.654 billion mark, an increase of more than 74 times. Due to the emphasis on science and technology, the labor productivity of the Federal Republic of Germany has been continuously improved.

. According to statistics, from 1950 to 1960, the national economic labor productivity of the Federal Republic of Germany increased by 5.3% annually. Fourth,

Utilize foreign capital. According to the Marshall Plan, West Germany received $3.65 billion in aid in 1948- 195 1 year.

According to the Marshall Plan, the "Mark Peer-to-Peer Fund" (that is, the Marshall Plan for Reimbursement of German Industrial and Commercial Enterprises).

Money can be reinvested in domestic economic construction as short-term credit. By 1956, it will reach10 billion horses.

Dick. Marshall Plan and Mark Fair Fund were like a timely help to the Federal Republic of Germany, which was short of foreign exchange and in urgent need of funds.

Send charcoal. After 1950s, foreign private direct investment became the main form of capital investment in the Federal Republic of Germany.

During the period of 1975, the direct investment of American companies in the Federal Republic of Germany rose from $5.81billion to $8.72 billion.

With the rapid economic rise, the Federal Republic of Germany actively carried out diplomatic activities to restore national sovereignty and its due position.

The international status of. The Adenauer administration pursues a pro-American and pro-Western foreign policy and seeks the support of the United States.

Wash away the shame of the defeated country 1954 10 10 In October, the Federal Republic of Germany signed the Paris Agreement with the United States, Britain, France and other western countries.

Agreement ",which came into effect in May of the following year, the Federal Republic of Germany ended its occupation, became a sovereign country and joined Peking University.

Western treaty organization. 1956 1 The National Defence Force was established. In March, the National Defence Law was passed, stipulating the implementation of universal compulsory military service.

. 1958 1 Join the European Economic Community. The Treaty of Friendship between Germany and France was signed in 1963, which officially realized the Franco-German reconciliation.

And cooperation. The Adenauer administration followed the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union and adhered to "Halstanism". June 22 1955, ah

The Denner government issued a statement claiming that the Federal Republic of Germany represents the whole of Germany, which is different from the countries that have established diplomatic relations with the Democratic Republic of Germany (Soviet Union).

Except the United Nations) to establish or maintain diplomatic relations. This policy was formulated by then Secretary of State Walter Hallstan.

It is called "Halstanism". "Halstanism" is tantamount to self-restraint and restriction of the Federation.

Germany's own international dance activity website.

When the Federal Republic of Germany reappears on the world stage as an economic power, it is unwilling to pursue it everywhere in diplomacy.

And the United States, as "small partners" of the United States, should independently carry out diplomatic activities and change the "economy."

Giants in the world, political dwarfs. The Social Democratic Government that came to power in the late 1960s was formally implemented.

New Oriental Policy. From 65438 to 0970, the Federal Republic of Germany successively signed treaties with the Soviet Union and Poland, recognizing that European countries are now.

The boundaries of existence are inviolable. 1972, which signed the treaty on the basis of its relations with the GDR. Treaty provisions: mutual recognition

As sovereign countries, the two sides "develop normal good-neighborly and friendly relations on the basis of equality." Two of 1973

Germany joined the United Nations at the same time.

The New Oriental policy gave the Federal Republic of Germany the initiative and the right to speak in the East-West relations.

We can directly deal with the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe on relevant major issues without relying on the United States. New oriental policy

Turn the accumulated economic strength of the Federal Republic of Germany into a powerful political situation and make it onto the international political stage.

Great changes have taken place in political status. The Federal Republic of Germany eventually became an economic and political power in Europe.

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