Mig fighter

Mikoyan (Russian: микоян) was originally named mikoyan-Gulevich (Russian: микояигуе).

In 2006, the Russian government announced the merger of mikoyan, Sukhoi, Ilyushin, Ilkut, Jakovleff and Tupolev to form a new "United Aviation Manufacturing Company".

Shortly after MIG-15 was put into production, the Korean War broke out, which gave MIG-15 an excellent opportunity for actual combat verification. On the Korean battlefield, the main opponent of MIG-15 is the American F-86 saber fighter. MiG-15 is superior to F-86 in the highest speed, medium altitude climb rate, acceleration rate and maximum ceiling, and inferior to F-86 with 4/3 wings in turning performance. At the same time, the stability and maneuverability at high speed are not as good as that of F-86, and the large-scale movement at high speed will stall, which will lead to the novice being unable to solve it and having to give up the plane.

MiG-15 has extremely strong firepower. The firepower of H-37 37mm machine gun and HC-23km 23mm is far stronger than that of F-86 VI 12.7mm machine gun. The MIG-15 returned safely with more than 200 rounds of bullets 12.7mm, while the F-86 hit by MIG-15 37mm shells almost escaped serious injury or was shot down. However, the firing rate of these guns is slow, and MIG-15 only has a relatively simple optical sight, which can not be stably controlled at high speed, making MIG-15 only better than air combat with fighters in intercepting bombers.

Although MIG-15 had advantages in geographical location and distance in the Korean War, the F-86, which could only stay under the auxiliary fuel tank for a short time, could effectively suppress the operation of MIG-15. With the cooperation of Soviet political considerations, the effective combat area of MIG-15 is limited to the so-called MIG corridor.

. In the era of MIG -2 1 development, all countries are striving for high speed. However, mikoyan learned the lesson that MIG-1/3' s pursuit of high speed led to poor firepower before World War II, and set MIG -2 1 as a light high-speed interceptor similar to F- 104, which is in line with MIG's cheapness and simplicity.

MiG -2 1 (including imitation and improved aircraft) may be the most prolific jet fighter in the 20th century. Vietnam War is its most famous battlefield, and the Middle East frequently goes to war with Israel. MIG -2 1 can also be seen in other wars, such as the North-South Yemen War and the India-Pakistan War. Its main rivals F-4 and F-5 are about to retire completely, and there are still many MiG -2 1 in active service in the world.

However, the United States, Israel and many other western countries have taken a fancy to the huge production capacity of MIG -2 1 and put forward various schemes to extend the life of MIG -2 1 and improve or even enhance its performance. In addition to the MIG -2 1 manufactured and exported by the Soviet Union and the products copied by eastern European countries, China's MIG -2 1 has entered another development path. One is the J-7(F-7), which copied the Soviet system in the early days to confront the U-2 of the United States. 1968+0980, the main task is to adopt new avionics. Second, the J-8 series (F-8), J-8-I(F-8I) looks like an enlarged version of MIG -2 1, and J-8-II(F-8II) is changed into an inlet configuration similar to MIG -23, which is mainly used for local air defense interception. F-8II became famous in the American P-3C plane collision incident.

In the late 1950s and early 1960s, rocket technology advanced and ballistic missiles were heavily equipped. A wave of missiles replacing airplanes appeared in the Soviet Union. Khrushchev, as a staunch supporter of the missile faction, seriously influenced the research and development of Soviet aviation aircraft.

The XB-70 bomber and A- 12/SR-7 1 Blackbird high-altitude high-speed reconnaissance plane [1] which were being developed by the United States at that time (the top speed of these two American military aircraft exceeded Mach 3, which could not be caught by ordinary interceptors at all, let alone tracked, monitored and intercepted) violated Soviet airspace many times, and under pressure, the meters were high. Benjamin Tev, Minister of Aviation Industry of the Soviet Union, expressed support. 196 1 year, the MiG -25 prototype, E- 155, reconnaissance prototype E- 155R- 1 and interception prototype E-155p-/kloc-were officially developed.

[editor] R&D

The pre-research work of MIG -25 was carried out in 1958 and1959 (deputy chief designer of MGA model).

1960 The power plant R- 15-300 afterburner turbojet engine of MIG -25 was tested with the modified engine flight test verification machine E- 150. In April of the following year, the second verification machine E- 152 went to heaven. Subsequently, the third verification machine E-15B-300 was put into flight test.

1961March 10, mikoyan signed an order to develop the MiG -25 prototype E- 155.

1962 the validation Committee of the full-scale prototype of the reconnaissance plane held a validation meeting.

196365438+February MiG-25 (reconnaissance type) E- 155R- 1 The first prototype was delivered from the factory.1On March 6, 964, the famous Soviet test pilot fedotov took off for the first time. On September 9th of the same year, the second prototype (interceptor) E- 155P- 1 started the test flight. Then the third prototype (reconnaissance type) E- 155R-3 also participated in the test flight. Each of the three prototypes is equipped with two R- 15B-300 engines, and during the period of 1965~ 1977, the world records of eight flying speeds, nine flying heights and six climbing times were set with the code E-266.

The history of Su Like -27 and MIG -29 began in 1969, when the Soviet Union learned that the US Air Force was implementing the "FX" plan (that is, the plan that eventually formed F- 15). Soviet leaders realized that the new American military aircraft would have great technical advantages over all the existing fighters in the Soviet Union. MiG -2 1 was a highly mobile aircraft at that time, but it had quite a few shortcomings in range, armament and upgrade potential. The MIG -23, which is mainly made of anti-American F-4, has a high flying speed and more room to carry fuel and equipment, but it lacks the mobility needed in combat. What the Soviet Union lacks is a fighter with fairly balanced performance in all aspects, with excellent sportiness and high-performance avionics system. In this regard, the Russian General Staff issued a demand case for advanced tactical fighter (PFI), in which various performance requirements are quite high, including high range, excellent short-range take-off and landing capability (including the ability to use airstrips), high agility, speed exceeding Mach 2 and heavy armament. The aerodynamic design of the new aircraft was entrusted to the Soviet Aerodynamics Research Institute (TsAGI), and the results were shared with Su Huoyi Aircraft Corporation.

The MIG -29 of the German Air Force and the F- 16 of the US Air Force are flying in the sky. However, the Soviet Union thought that the price of advanced tactical fighters would be too expensive and the production quantity could not meet the demand, so it split the plan into two plans at 197 1. Heavy-duty advanced tactical fighter (NYI· Frontaux Woy EastBeattre of TPFI) and light-duty advanced tactical fighter (Leckie Frontaux Woy EastBeattre of LPFI). At the same time, the US Air Force has also carried out similar planning, and launched plans for light fighters, F- 16 Falcon and YF- 17. Su Huoyi is still in charge of heavy fighter's plan, and the light fighter's plan is handed over to mikoyan Aircraft Design Bureau. The Su -27 wing guard is the result of the former. The latter put forward project No.9 (product 9) in 1974, namely MIG -29A, and made its first flight in 1977+06 10. The U.S. reconnaissance satellite discovered the prototype in June of the same year at 5438+065438+ 10. As the prototype was found in the zhukovsky Flight Test Site near Laminski Town, it was given the code name Aries -L(Ram-L). Early in the west, it was speculated that Aries -L was similar in appearance to YF- 17, equipped with R-25 turbojet engine with afterburner.

1988 MIG -29UB at the Farnborg Air Show Although the crash of two prototypes led to the delay of the plan, in 1983, the MIG -29UB production machine still started its operation evaluation at the kubinka base. The evaluation is completed in the following year, and the delivery is started in the same year. Because NATO did not know the existence of its pre-produced MIG -29A, it was named "fulcrum A" by NATO. The degraded and modified MIG -29B9 is exported to Warsaw Pact countries in large quantities with the model of "MIG -29B 9- 12A" (the export number for non-Warsaw Pact countries is "MIG -29B 9- 12B"). These aircraft, made in a * * * 840, are mostly less functional than the Soviet version of MIG -29B, and do not have the ability to project nuclear weapons. 1In July, 986, the Soviet Union visited Finland with a team of MIG-29s. Until then, MIG -29 was officially made public to the western public. 1In September, 988, the Soviet Union took two MIG-29s to the air show in Fort Farne, England. Generally speaking, western observers are impressed by its maneuverability, but engine exhaust is obviously one of its shortcomings.

The overseas users of Polish Air Force MIG -29 MIG -29 include Algeria, Bangladesh, Bulgaria, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Eritrea, East Germany, Hungary, India, Iran, Iraq, Malaysia, Myanmar, North Korea, Peru, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Syria and Yemen. In addition, when the Soviet Union disintegrated, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan and other former republics also received a large number of air forces from the former Soviet Union. These planes are in different conditions, and many of them are still in service with new users.

The Soviet Union accurately distinguished various versions of MIG -29. Even though the electronic equipment was improved, many MIG-29s introduced by Michael Young, such as the shipborne MIG -29K, never entered the mass production stage. During the period of the former Soviet Union, compared with its rival Soho, the MGO Design Bureau obviously lacked political influence, which led to many setbacks in the development of MIG -29. Many more advanced models are still seeking export licenses, and orders for upgrading the old Soviet MIG -29 are still being sought. The research and development of new models such as MIG -29SMT and MIG -29M 1/M2 has just started. The development of carrier-based MIG -29K was restored by the demand of Indian naval air battleship Vikramadiya (Admiral Gao Xi gorshkov, former Soviet navy). Initially, the MIG -29K was designed for Admiral Kuznetsov, but later it used a larger flanker-D.

Although informal names are popular, Soviet officials did not give MIG -29 a formal name. Soviet pilots created the title of MIG -29 as the fulcrum of NATO. This title is quite different from the design purpose of the aircraft itself, but the title of "fulcrum" has been popularized in the Russian army. This title is in great contrast with backfire and carelesse (backfire-tu-22m, carelesse-TU- 154).

The high climb rate of MIG-25 Flying Tiger at high altitude and high speed caused great panic in western countries. However, there are still some shortcomings, such as insufficient power to get off at high speed, poor low-altitude performance, and too high fuel consumption of turbojet engine, which leads to too short supersonic combat time. Although the top speed of MIG -25 is Mach 2.8, the pilot is only allowed to operate to Mach 2.5 to protect the engine. If the theoretical top speed of MIG -25 is Mach 3.2, the pilot can only use it completely. The engine may be damaged.

MiG -25' s radar is very powerful and can completely break through the electronic countermeasures capability of enemy planes. Some people even say that its radar power is big enough to cook rabbits hundreds of meters away. Many western observers were puzzled by the use of vacuum tubes in this radar system, but later they gradually understood the intention of the Soviet Union, because vacuum tubes were very resistant to the electromagnetic waves of nuclear explosions. However, until the mid-1970s, it was mainly used for reconnaissance and search control, not interception.

Mig3 1 cockpit

The successor of Mig3 1 Lunqing MIG -25 developed the first flight of the prototype 1975/9/ 155mp (Russian: е- 155 мп). Although it looks like MIG. And many major new designs. Soviet factories initially restricted MIG -25 to be made of 80% nickel. The titanium material of Ye- 155MP is doubled to 16%, and the aluminum material is tripled to 33%, which greatly reduces the fuselage weight, strengthens the flow of supersonic performance of turbofan engine, reduces fuel consumption and has stronger low-altitude thrust.

Another important research and development is the look-up and look-down radar (aiming at the target higher than the plane) and the multi-target tracking capability, which enables the Soviet Union to intercept the long-range invasion actions of western countries, and also extends the defense policy from ground-based control interception (GCI) to autonomous interception in the air, giving pilots greater dominance, such as the control center for air flight.

Similar to the predecessors of MIG -25, MIG -3 1 also threw out a lot of false information to hide the real design in the early days. Because pilot Victor belenko defected to Japan in 1976, western countries got many parameters from his MIG -25P. Berenko also revealed that there will be a "super flying fox" in western countries. It has two seats and can intercept low-altitude cruise missiles. According to his testimony, the air inlet of the new interceptor will be smaller than that of MIG -23, but it was later proved that MIG -3 1 was not designed in this way (at least not for mass production). During the test, MIG -3 1 was photographed by western reconnaissance satellites at the zhukovsky Flight Test Center near Ramenskoye town. The image shows an interceptor similar to a variable wing. NATO named it "Ram -K". But for many years, I didn't know that the plane was Su -27, which had nothing to do with MIG -3 1.

MiG -3 1 series was mass-produced in 1979, and 1982 served in the Soviet Air Defense Agency (PVO). It was first filmed by Norwegian pilots in the Barents Sea on 1985.

MiG -3 1 can perform a variety of long-range tasks. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the maintenance cost was greatly reduced, and many wings could not maintain the aircraft. 1998+0996 only 20% of the aircraft can be used; But by 2006, with the improvement of Russian economy, the Russian army can support 75% MIG -3 1 in use.

A total of 500 MiG -3 1 were produced, about 370 [1] are still in service in Russia, and another 30 are in Kazakhstan. Many MIG -3 1 have been upgraded. For example, the multi-purpose avionics of MIG -3 1BM have been upgraded with new multi-mode radar, handheld controller and liquid crystal display (LCD). The interface between R-77 missile and many Soviet anti-ship missiles (AGMs), Kh-3 1 ARM interface, and new powerful computer and digital data link software were introduced. However, only a few MIG -3 1BM have been upgraded, and others have only slightly upgraded the interface between computers and R-77 long-range missiles.

At present, the future of MIG -3 1 is still unclear, but it has important strategic significance. It is estimated that the service will reach 20 10, and it will continue to upgrade as the Russian economy takes off.