Two children argued the truth about Japan in classical Chinese.

1. Two children argue about the truth of ancient science in Japan.

A child said, "I think the sun is close to the sky at sunrise and far from the sky at noon." . "Another child thinks that when the sun rises, it is far from the sun, and it is closer to people at noon.

A child said, "When the sun just came out, the hood of the car was as big as noon and the plate was as small as usual. Is this the reason why it is not far from the big one?" ? "A son said," It is cool when it comes out of the barn (cāng) at the beginning of the day, just like exploring soup in the middle of the day. Isn't it near hot and far cold? "Upon hearing this, Confucius could not judge who was right or wrong. The two children smiled and said, "Who (shú) is you (rǔ), who knows much (wisdom)? "Confucius went to the East to study and saw two children quarreling. Confucius asked them why they quarreled.

A child said, "I think the sun is close to people at sunrise and far from people at noon." Another child thinks that the sun is far away from people when it first comes out and close to people at noon.

The first child said, "When the sun first rises, it looks like a big round hat. At noon, it looks like a plate. Isn't it far small and near big? " Another child said, "When the sun rises for the first time, it feels cool and sunny. At noon, it's as hot as putting your hand in hot water. The weather is very hot. It's not hot when it's near, and it's not cold when it's far away? " Confucius could not judge whether two children were right or wrong. The two children smiled and said, "Who said you were learned?" It is incorrect to explain the distance between the ground and the sun according to different feelings.

One of the children in the "Two Children Debate Day" said that the morning is far from noon because the sun is cold and the noon is hot. The other said that the sun is big in the morning and small at noon, so the morning is far from noon, and the fact observation is true. So how to explain it? What the hell is going on? It seems that the sun is bigger in the morning than at noon because of the illusion of the eyes. The white figure we see is bigger than the black figure of the same size.

This is called photodegradation in physics. When the sun rises, the surrounding sky is dark, so the sun appears bright, and at noon, the surrounding sky is bright. In contrast, the brightness difference between the sun and the background is not so big, which is why we look like the sun is bigger in the morning than at noon.

In short, the sun is the same distance from us in the morning and at noon, so its size is the same. In fact, because the solar radiation at noon is too strong, it is unrealistic to directly observe the size of the sun with the naked eye.

This may also be caused by people's impression that the sun at noon is only a bright spot, while the sun at sunrise and sunset is an observable circle. Also, it is hotter at noon than in the morning. Is it because the sun is closer to us at noon than in the morning? Not exactly.

Why is this? It is hotter at noon than in the morning because the sun shines directly on the ground at noon and obliquely on the ground in the morning. It can be seen that when the sun is in direct sunlight, the ground and the air receive more solar radiation heat at the same time and in the same area than when the sun is oblique in the morning, so they are heated the most. So it is hotter at noon than in the morning.

In fact, the hot and cold weather mainly depends on the temperature. The main factor affecting the temperature is determined by the radiation intensity of the sun, but solar photothermal is not the main reason for directly raising the temperature.

Because the direct absorption of sunlight by air is only a small part of the total solar radiation, most of it is absorbed by the ground. After the ground absorbs the solar radiation heat, it is conducted upward to the air through radiation, convection and other heat transfer methods, which is the main reason for the temperature rise.

In short, it is not because the sun is far from our ground that it is hot at noon and cold in the morning every day. When studying, maybe the teacher will say it's the same distance! There are two real answers! I want to know all about relativity! It is to compare at a point with a point as the center.

In other words, there should be two central points in the text, one is the earth and the other is the area where the two children are located. If the earth is the center, then the distance between the sun and the earth is the same in the morning or at noon.

If we focus on the area where the two children are located, it should be closer at noon. We all know that the sun and the earth are both spheres. Let's assume that the area where the two children are located is directly above the circle of the area, and the sun is assumed to be on the left side of the earth.

At this time, the sun seen in the area where the two children are located is the morning sun. Just assume that the area where the two children are located is directly below the sun, then the sun at this time is the noon sun. The straight line between two points is the shortest. At this time, it can be clearly known that when the area where the two children are located is the center point.

The morning sun is farther away from the area where the two children are located than the noon sun. At that time, the two children didn't understand the earth at all, so they centered on their own area.

This can show who is right and who is wrong.

2. Two pieces of classical Chinese: What the two children argued that day told us that we should pay attention to observing the essence of things, don't be confused by appearances, don't just emphasize one point and generalize.

1. Among them, two children can observe daily phenomena carefully and draw their own conclusions, which is a spirit of research.

2. They can stick to their own views without easily shaking them, which is an act of sticking to their own views.

From Confucius, we can see that although Confucius was famous at that time, he dared to admit his ignorance on this issue, which can be said to be a sign of modesty. This is everyone's demeanor.

As far as the problem itself is concerned, different conclusions can be drawn from different aspects, that is to say, things have duality, and if we want to get the truth, we must know the law, which is also the only process for human beings to know the world.

3. Seek the translation of the classical Chinese "Two Children Arguing about Japan" and its scientific truth. Confucius went to the East to study and saw two children arguing on the way.

Confucius asked them why they argued. A child said, "I think the sun is close to people when it first comes out, and far away from people at noon."

Another child thinks that the sun is far away from people when it first comes out and close to people at noon. The previous child said, "The sun was as big as a hood when it first came out, and it was like a bowl at noon. Isn't it far small and near big? " Another child said, "It's cool as soon as the sun comes out, and it's hot when you put your hand into hot water at noon. Isn't it cool to be near hot and far hot? " Hearing this, Confucius could not judge who was right and wrong.

The two children smiled and said, "Who says you know much?" About scientific knowledge, on the day when two children argued; The distance between the sun and the earth is the same in the morning and at noon. Why does the sun look bigger in the morning than at noon? This is a visual error and illusion.

The same object appears small in a group of larger objects, but large in a group of smaller objects. Similarly, the morning sun rises from the horizon with trees, houses, distant mountains and a small corner of the sky as the background. In this contrast, the sun looks bigger at this time.

At noon, the sun rises high and the vast sky is the background. At this time, the sun appears small. Secondly, the white object of the same object is bigger than the black object. This physical phenomenon is called "light penetration".

When the sun rises, the background is a dark sky and the sun is particularly bright; At noon, the background is the blue sky in Wan Li, and there is little contrast between the sun and its brightness, so it is smaller. The temperature at noon is higher than in the morning. Is the sun closer to us than in the morning? Not exactly.

The main reason is that the sun shines obliquely on the earth in the morning and directly on the earth at noon. At the same time and in the same area, the direct heat is higher than the oblique heat.

At the same time, at night, the heat of the sun on the ground dissipates, so it feels cool in the morning; At noon, the heat of the sun shines on the ground, so I feel hot. A cold or hot temperature does not mean that the sun is far or near the ground.

4. The classical Chinese "Two Sons Debate on the Day" is 1, with more than 50 words. The "Two Sons Debate on the Day" is a famous piece in ancient China, selected from Liezi, and it is said that it was written by Zheng Ren Lieyukou during the Warring States Period.

The article makes it impossible for Confucius to judge who is right or wrong by arguing with two children, which shows that the universe is big and the knowledge is wide, and no matter how clever a person is, it is impossible to know everything. 2. Two Children Arguing for a Day describes two children arguing about the distance between the sun and people in the morning and at noon, which embodies the precious spirit of ancient people in China in exploring natural phenomena, thinking independently, boldly questioning and pursuing true knowledge. At the same time, it also shows that there is endless knowledge in the world, even learned people will not know it.

Therefore, learning is endless. It also shows that we should look at the problem from many angles, and different angles will draw different conclusions.

From Two Children Debate Day, we can see a modest and honest Confucius and two clever children who are diligent in thinking, good at exploring and analyzing problems scientifically. We should do this. We should look at the problem dialectically, not stick to our own opinions, but also listen to other people's reasonable suggestions and finally make a comprehensive evaluation.

Both of the above are acceptable. Please choose and adopt them.

5. What is the truth of this text?

Ignore the revolution of the earth and only consider the rotation. From the center of the sun to a fixed point on the surface of the earth, it must be a long distance in the morning and a short distance at noon. It's just that the change of this distance is not enough to make it hot at noon and cool in the morning. The heat at noon and the coolness in the morning are all caused by the incident angle of the sun, which is not the truth that "two children argue for a day".

This article is an allegorical story. The article describes that in ancient times, two children relied on their own intuition. One thinks that the sun is close to people in the morning, and the other thinks that the sun is close to people at noon. For this reason, they hold their own opinions and argue endlessly, even a knowledgeable person like Confucius can't make a judgment.

This story shows that in order to understand nature and explore objective truth, we must dare to think independently and question boldly; It also shows that the universe is infinite and knowledge is infinite. Even the most knowledgeable people will know something and learn endlessly. This story can be understood in three parts.

Write the argument between Confucius and Lu Yu first, and point out the time, place, characters and reasons of the story. Two children put forward two completely different views on how far the sun is from the earth at different times.

Then write about two children who use the intuition (vision and touch) that people can experience in their daily lives to clarify their views in order to refute each other's views. Finally, I wrote that the argument between Confucius and the two children was inconclusive, which led them to "laugh".

The full text is only a hundred words, but it can give people a lot of inspiration. It is the characteristic of language expression to express characters and unfold stories through dialogue description, which shows the innocence and loveliness of two children and Confucius' scientific attitude of being modest and seeking truth from facts.

The main purpose of writing this article is to let students understand the language characteristics of ancient Chinese, and at the same time realize that knowledge is endless and learning is endless. The difference in meaning between ancient and modern times is the difficulty in learning this article.

For example, the meaning of "going" in "I want to be close to people when the sun rises" is different from that commonly used in modern times. In addition, there are few words such as "who" and "ru" in modern Chinese, and such words should be understandable by students.

The following translations are for reference only. Confucius went to the East to study and saw two children arguing on the way.

Confucius asked them why they argued. A child said, "I think the sun is close to people when it first comes out, and far away from people at noon."

Another child thinks that the sun is far away from people when it first comes out and close to people at noon. The previous child said, "The sun was as big as a hood when it first came out, and it was like a bowl at noon. Isn't it far small and near big? " Another child said, "It's cool as soon as the sun comes out, and it's hot when you put your hand into hot water at noon. Isn't it cool to be near hot and far hot? " Hearing this, Confucius could not judge who was right and wrong.

The two children smiled and said, "Who says you know much?" Second, the learning goal 1. Learn three new words in this lesson and clarify their meanings according to the notes after class. 2. Read the text with emotion.

Recite the text and repeat the story. 3. Understand the content of the text, learn from the ancient people's spirit of understanding nature and seeking truth, which is good at thinking and boldly questioning, as well as Confucius' scientific attitude of modesty and seeking truth from facts, and realize the endless truth of learning.

Iii. Teaching suggestions 1. Before class, the teacher can refer to the scientific common sense involved in the text. Students can also be arranged to ask, "Does the distance between the sun and the earth change during the day?" ? Why does the sun look big in the morning and small at noon? Why does it feel cold in the morning and hot at noon? ".

Although this article is concise, it is still difficult for students to read and understand the different meanings of ancient and modern words. For example, the modal particle "Hu", which rarely appears in modern texts, appears three times in the article. There are three steps to solve this difficulty.

(1) After reading the text, students can understand the meaning of each sentence according to their notes. For students who don't understand, the teacher can give them a little guidance to let them understand the context.

(2) Read repeatedly to understand the story. (3) Tell this story in your own words.

This story contains profound truth. Teachers can organize students to discuss and exchange their ideas after reading this text.

Students should be encouraged to speak freely and feel from multiple angles. For example, two children like to explore, and their spirit is commendable; Two children know things from different angles and have different results; Confucius can treat children's problems correctly and seek truth from facts.

At the end of the article, Confucius was "uncertain", so students should know that many natural phenomena are common-sense scientific knowledge for us, but in ancient times, it was difficult to solve the mystery because of underdeveloped technology, so Confucius' "uncertainty" was understandable. It can be seen that the universe is big and the knowledge is wide, up and down, although the wise can't know everything.

Confucius did not "think he knew what he didn't know", but adopted a realistic attitude of "knowing what he knows is knowing, and not knowing is not knowing". So when teaching, don't take Confucius as the theme to understand.

For beginners of classical Chinese, repeated reading is the most important method. When studying this article, we should pay attention to guiding reading aloud.

Read the article aloud and read the pause in the sentence according to the following tips. Confucius traveled eastward to see/two children/debate and asked him why.

A son said, "I started from the day when I was near and the day when I was far away." A child goes far at the beginning of a day and comes near at the beginning of a day.

A son said, "when the sun rises, it is as big as the hood of a car, and at noon, it is like a dish." Isn't this/the far is small/the near is big? " A son said, "It's cool at sunrise and cool at noon, like exploring soup. Is it not hot near/cold far away? " Hearing this, Confucius could not judge who was right or wrong. The two children smiled and said, "Who/for you/for Zhihu?" The description of two children's language and dialogue is the key point for teachers to guide students to read aloud.

In the second paragraph, the two children put forward completely different views on the distance between the sun and the earth at different times, so students should be instructed to read their views and uncompromising attitudes in a positive tone. In the third and fourth paragraphs, the two children put forward reasons to prove their views and refute each other's views according to their own feelings and experiences.

The two paragraphs are consistent in sentence structure and structure, and both end with rhetorical questions, so we should pay attention to the reading of rhetorical questions. Among them, "As Big as a Car Cover" and "As Soup as Soup" should be re-read, while "As a Vegetable Bowl" and "The Vicissitude of the Beam" should be read lightly, so that they can be read in a contrasting tone, forming a confrontation between the two peaks, which needs to be solved urgently.

In the fifth paragraph, when two children saw that Confucius could not govern the country, they laughed and said, "Who is Zhihu?" A rhetorical question is also used, and the laughter of the two children should be made clear here.