A joke of a scholar.

China's hermit culture can be traced back to Shang and Zhou Dynasties. Legend has it that in the lonely bamboo country at the end of Shang Dynasty, there were two princes, Boyi and Shu Qi. After their father died, the two gave in to each other, and neither of them succeeded to the throne. Zhou Wuwang was going to cut down the horse, so they ran to the king of Wu and stopped the horse. They kowtowed and remonstrated: before the father's bones are cold, the son will make a big fight. Is this a sign of filial piety? Can killing a king as a courtier be called benevolence and righteousness? King Wu did not listen to exhortation, sent troops to sing praises and established the Zhou Dynasty.

So, Boyi and Shu Qi were ashamed of eating, lived in seclusion on the shouyangshan, lived by picking Wei, and finally starved to death. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Zi Gong once asked Confucius: Would a saint like Boyi Shu Qi bear a grudge before he died? Confucius replied:? What's there to complain about? Is this an idiom? Seeking benevolence and benevolence? The origin of.

Since Boyi Shuqi, there have been endless rumors of literati seclusion in the history of China. Famous scholars like Ruan Ji, Tao Qian and Zhuge Liang all lived in seclusion for some time. So, what are their reasons?

A true hermit

First of all, there were real hermits in ancient times, such as Boyi Shu Qi and Tao Qian in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Speaking of the founder of pastoral poetry, he was born in an official family. His great-grandfather Tao Kan was a great star in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and his grandfather was also a satrap. Although not as important as Wang Langya, Chen and other big families, Tao Yuanming's life was much better than that of the general public at that time.

However, with the death of his father and mother, Tao Yuanming's family fortune declined, even to the point of uncovering the pot at the poorest time. Anyway, he embarked on his official career and worked as a small official in Jiangzhou, such as offering wine and joining the army, but they were not in line with his own nature. During this period, Tao Yuanming often wrote poems to express his feelings of being tired of secularism and advocating nature. Under the constant pull of his own survival needs and desire to retire, Tao Yuanming repeated the difficult life of going into politics and resigning.

His last official job was as a county magistrate in pengze county. After 81 days in office, Du You was sent to check his official duties. At that time, Du You was fat and often asked local officials for bribes in the name of inspection. Tao Yuanming naturally despises this kind of person and reluctantly prepares to meet him, but he is stopped by a small official: Your honor, when you meet Du You, you should wear official clothes, wear a big belt and pay attention to official airs.

Tao Yuanming was even more annoyed when he didn't say it was okay. He sighed, How can I bow to the villains in the village for five buckets of rice? From then on, I simply let myself go completely and quit my job. Have you ever been there? Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely seeing Nanshan? Live a leisurely life.

This resignation is magnificent enough, but the price is also heavy. Because according to the regulations at that time, the position of county magistrate was not only allocated? Five barrels of rice? Wages, but also the legal possession of 300 acres? Gongtian? Do it comfortably? Big landlord? . I'm afraid only a true hermit can completely abandon such welfare.

Live in seclusion and avoid disaster

In the centenary of Tao Yuanming's birth, seven young talents lived in seclusion in Yang Shan. They were also called? Seven sages of bamboo forest? . However, their seclusion was not as simple as Tao Qian's, because at that time, during the transition period from the Three Kingdoms to the Jin Dynasty, the society was in turmoil, and the former emperors would suddenly become prisoners and even be persecuted to death. The sage who has lived in troubled times for a long time is unable to save this situation, and he doesn't want to be regarded as a victim in the competition of various forces, so he can only? If you die in troubled times? Passive confrontation with the world situation in a reclusive manner. This kind of seclusion is not carefree under the hedge of picking chrysanthemums, but more painful.

Just like Ruan Ji, one of the seven sages in the bamboo forest, there is a description of him in the Book of Jin: when a person is driving, he can't help crying because of poor roads and poor rails. ? What do you mean? It's this guy, who often drives his car around the street aimlessly and never takes the right path. When he came to the end of his rope, he cried bitterly and then went back to his original place.

According to our current vision, isn't this a mental illness? Wang Bo, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty, thought so. He wrote a preface for Teng Wang Ge, in which he wrote? Ruan Ji is crazy, how can he cry to the end of the road! ? How can you learn from a madman like Ruan Ji and cry when he comes to the end of the road? But on the other hand, this sentence is somewhat unreasonable. After all, where did the poets who lived in the prosperous Tang Dynasty experience this kind of pain?

I thought that Zhuge Wuhou lived in Nanyang that year, which should also belong to this situation. That's why his uncle Liu Bei visited him twice before, isn't it? Smart boy? I was so proud that I deliberately let my uncle visit the cottage. I was really entangled in my heart and didn't want to be the first bird in troubled times. When Zhuge Liang and Liu Bei left together, Mr. Si Mahui, a water mirror, sighed. Although Kong Ming has a master, he was born at an inopportune time. ? That's the truth.

Prepare for career.

There is also a kind of seclusion, which is not so noble, and that is the preparation work before becoming an official. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, seclusion prevailed, and the longer the literati lived in seclusion, the higher their reputation would be. For the sake of political game, the rulers will hire such celebrities to be officials, so as to gain a better position in public opinion and consolidate their rule. Ruan Ji, as mentioned above, was forced to call up in this way. Although hermits were forced to leave the mountain at first, over time, this rule was handed down and became a unique means of official career.

Is the more famous one from the Tang Dynasty? Open a hermit? Lu Zangyong, where the emperor was located, chose a nearby hill to live in seclusion. The emperor is in Chang 'an, and he lives in Zhong Nanshan. The emperor moved the capital to Luoyang, and he still? Follow the car? Songshan lives in seclusion. After all these efforts, I finally got a formal position. Later, this? Ruda drives with you? His friend Sima Chengzhen wants to live in seclusion in Tiantai Mountain. Lu Zangyong advised him: Why are you in Tiantai Mountain? Zhong Nanshan is a good place! But Sima didn't want to be an official, and retorted that it was really a convenient way of officialdom. Lu Zangyong was so bored that he had to give up. Since then, the cultural history of China has increased? A shortcut to the south? This idiom.

We have it since ancient times? If you are poor, you will be immune to it, and if you are rich, you will help the world? The motto of the world? Seclusion? In the long history, it has become a cultural symbol and spiritual symbol. Writer Lin Qingxuan once said: What life needs to prepare is not expensive tea, but a heart to drink tea? Perhaps in the fast-paced modern society, we should follow the example of the ancients from time to time, put aside heavy work and ineffective social interaction, and let ourselves slow down, enjoy a cup of fragrant tea and experience this freedom and happiness.