Statistics of each war in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms (name and place of winners and losers)

Romance of the Three Kingdoms, full name of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, by Luo Guanzhong. English name: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, one of the four classical novels in China, is a classic of historical romance novels. catalogue

An introduction to this book

Brief introduction of the author

Zhang Hui catalogue

Character statistics

achievements of art

Analysis of Characters' Personality in Romance of the Three Kingdoms

Artistic defect

Books and historical facts

Poems in the book

Xiehouyu record

Idioms of the three kingdoms

Romance of the three kingdoms TV series

New edition of Three Kingdoms

Sanguo animation

Comic book

Game of the same name

Romance of the Three Kingdoms Animation Edition

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English-Chinese dictionary explains romance of the Three Kingdoms.

Part of speech explanation

The Romance of Three Kings is one of China's classical Four Great Classical Novels, which is literally translated as The Romance of Three Kingdoms.

& gt& gt A detailed introduction to reading books in Iciba English [Back to Directory]

Romance of the Three Kingdoms (Guangling Bookstore) and Romance of the Three Kingdoms (Guangling Bookstore)

The novel describes the contradictions and struggles between Wei, Shu and Wu political and military groups headed by Cao Cao, Liu Bei and Sun Quan in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, the whole Three Kingdoms period and the early Western Jin Dynasty. On the broad social and historical background, it showed the sharp, complex and distinctive military and political conflicts of that era, which had a far-reaching impact on future generations in military and political strategy. Romance of the Three Kingdoms is China's first novel. The development of China's novels from short stories to long stories is related to storytelling. In Song Dynasty, storytelling became popular and became a profession. Storytellers like to take the stories of ancient characters as the theme, but Chen Shou's The History of the Three Kingdoms (quoted by Pei Songzhi) is the best material for writing stories. Some scattered stories of the Three Kingdoms have also been circulated among the people. In addition, the storyteller takes a long time to draw materials, the content is getting richer and richer, and the characters are getting fuller and fuller. Finally, many independent stories gradually combined and grew into a masterpiece. These isolated stories have been passed down from mouth to mouth in the society for a long time, and finally they were processed and compiled into a book, which became China's first novel. This is an amazing collective creation, which is different from the novel written by a single author in form. Romance of the Three Kingdoms is believed to have some enlightening effect on later novels. Romance of the Three Kingdoms was very popular in ancient China. Song and Yuan dynasties came to the stage, and Jin and Yuan dynasties performed more than 30 kinds of Three Kingdoms operas. In the Yuan Dynasty, the Pinghua of the Three Kingdoms in the Township published by Yu's family in Xin 'an came out. At the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, Luo Guanzhong synthesized folklore, drama and scripts, combined with historical materials such as the History of the Three Kingdoms by Chen Shou and Pei Songzhi's notes, and based on his personal understanding of social life, he created the well-known Romance of the Three Kingdoms. The earliest existing edition was published in Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty, commonly known as "Jiajing Edition", with a total of 24 volumes. During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, Mao Zonggang and his son, Maureen, distinguished historical events, added or deleted words, and revised them into The Romance of the Three Kingdoms 120, which has been passed down to this day.

Map of the Three Kingdoms Period

Romance of the Three Kingdoms describes the history of nearly a hundred years from the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the beginning of the Western Jin Dynasty. The book reflects the political and military struggle, the infiltration and transformation of various social contradictions in the Three Kingdoms period, summarizes the historical changes of this era and shapes a group of all-powerful heroes. In grasping the history of the Three Kingdoms, the author showed an obvious tendency to support Liu and oppose Cao, focusing on the description of Liu Bei Group, praising the main figures of Liu Bei Group and trying to expose and lash Cao Cao. Today, we should dialectically understand the author's tendency to support Liu and oppose Cao. Respecting Liu and opposing Cao is the main tendency of folklore, which implies people's hope for the revival of the Han Dynasty in Luo Guanzhong era. Romance of the Three Kingdoms has created a large number of vivid characters, and Luo Guanzhong occupies an important position in the history of China literature. Among the nearly 200 characters portrayed, Cao Cao, Sima Yi, Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu, Liu Bei, Zhao Yun and others are the most successful. Cao Cao is a treacherous man. His life creed is "I would rather teach the world to be negative than teach the world to be negative to me". He is a very great politician, schemer, strategist and poet. He is not only brilliant, but also good at using tricks. Zhuge Liang is the incarnation of the "saint" in the author's mind. He has a just mind of "devoting all his efforts to death", and he has the ambition to save the world, save the people and rebuild a peaceful and prosperous world. Moreover, the author endowed him with the peculiar ability to call the shots. Guan Yu is a brave and resolute "American past". Liu Bei was portrayed by the author as a caring person, a virtuous corporal, and a man with lofty ideals who knows how to do well. In fact, there are many great differences between the real Cao Cao, Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhuge Liang in history and those in The Romance. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms describes wars, big and small, with grand ideas and various techniques, which let us know a lot about ancient culture. Among them, the description of the battle of Guandu and Battle of Red Cliffs is ups and downs, ups and downs, thrilling and touching. Bring rich history and culture to readers. Romance of the Three Kingdoms initiated the historical novel and represented the highest achievement of historical novel. Since then, scholars have followed suit. In the history of China literature, historical novels have become a mainstream. The Three Kingdoms are all famous historical novels in the literary world. Thousands of years' history of China has been written into various historical novels, which is the inheritance and development of Luo Guanzhong's historical romance. Author brief introduction [back to the directory] Luo Guanzhong, Ming (about1330-about 1400), Han nationality, whose real name is Ben, is from Taiyuan, Shanxi, and is called Qixian, Shanxi; One is Qingxu County, Shanxi Province; One said Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang) or Luling (now Ji 'an, Jiangxi) people. A famous novelist and dramatist at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, China was the originator of Zhang Hui's novels. Luo Guanzhong's life is rich in works, the main works are: the script Zhao Taizu's Dragon and Tiger Club, the serial admonition of loyalty and filial piety, and Zhang Sanping's crying tells no tales; Novels such as The Romance of Sui and Tang Dynasties, The Romance of Tang and Five Dynasties, The Legend of Three Sui Demons, The House of Powder Makeup, it is said that Shi Naian co-authored The Water Margin and his masterpiece The Romance of Three Kingdoms. Luo Guanzhong was born in the feudal dynasty in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty. As a drama critic associated with "advocating Excellence" and "prostitute art", he was regarded as an inferior person in Goulan Washe at that time, and it was impossible for the official history to write classics for him. The only thing I can see is a pamphlet "The Sequel to Ghost Records" compiled by Chao Jia, which reads: "Luo Guanzhong, a native of Taiyuan, is scattered in the lake and sea. Loneliness with others, Yuefu argot, extremely fresh. I forgot to be friends with Yu, and I suffered many losses, and I lived far apart. This is just the beginning of the resumed meeting. I haven't come for more than 60 years, but I don't know where it will end. "However, judging from Luo Guanzhong's masterpiece Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the depth of Luo Guanzhong's talent is reflected. He is proficient in military science, psychology, resourcefulness, public relations and talents ... Without superhuman wisdom, rich practice and persistent pursuit, how could he become such a generalist? He advocates national unity, loves the Chinese nation, carries forward the traditional virtues of the nation, and hates treachery and evil. In the historical romance of the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, we can see Luo Guanzhong's noble sentiments of being attached to his homeland, remembering his heroes and caring for his country and people. Taoyuan hero first banquet [back to the directory] second banquet anger whip, Du You's uncle was killed, the third discussion Dong Zhuo reprimanded Ding Yuan for donating gold beads, saying that Lu Bu was the fourth to dismiss Han Xian as emperor, and the fifth discussion Dong Zhi's sword as a thief.

Portrait of Guan Yunchang Portrait of Guan Yunchang

The sixth time, Dong Zhuo burned the golden que, killed and hid the imperial seal. Sun Jian broke his word. The seventh time, Yuan Shaopan fought the river and Gongsun Sun Jian crossed the river to attack Liu Biao. The eighth time, Wang Situ skillfully used a series of tricks, and a surname Dong used Feng Yiting. The ninth time, Lu Bu helped Stuart attack Li Jue in Chang 'an. Jia Xu's tenth visit is dedicated to Marten's gratitude to his father. Cao Cao was promoted to Beihai, Liu Huangshu for the 11th time to save Kong Rong from Hou Wen and Puyang from Cao Cao for the 12th time. Third, let Xuzhou fight Lu Bu, Guo Si, make great contributions, Yang Feng, Dong, rescue the driver, recruit the driver, Xudu, Lv Fengxian, take a night attack on Xujun, Taishi Ci, fight against Sun Bofu, Yan Baihu, Lv Fengxian and shoot Jiyuanmen, Cao Mengde defeated his division, and merged with water, 17 Yuan Highway, 7 th Army, Cao Mengde met, 3 rd Army, The enemy won the battle in Xia Houdun. Back to the 19th time, Cao Cao fought in Pi City, and Lu Bu was killed in Baimenlou. Back to the twentieth, Xu Tian besieged Dong Guojiu's cabinet in Cao Aman. Twenty-one times, Cao Cao cooked wine. On the Hero Guan Gong's Seizing the City and Chopping Che Zhou. Twenty-two times, Cao Yuan got up, and the three armies joined forces. Liu Er, the king of capture, will punish you for calling a thief naked on the 23rd, and Dr. Ji will poison you. On the 24th, the thief who returned to China failed to murder the imperial concubine and uncle. On the 25th, he voted for Yuan Shao to rescue the white horse and Cao Cao. On the 26th, the defeated soldiers were defeated. On the 27th, the bearded man traveled thousands of miles. On the 28th, Han Shouguan beheaded his sixth brother to dispel doubts. Juyi, the chief minister of Huigu City, beheaded angrily by Ji Bi's son, who led the defeat of Guandu in the Thirty Wars in Jiangdong, robbed Wu De of grain in the first battle, Cao Cao's granary pavilion broke the first battle, Liu Biao took Jingzhou Yuan Shang to defeat Zhangzhou for the thirty-second time, Cao Pi took advantage of the chaos to seize Guo Jia in Zhen Shi for the thirty-third time, and ordered Liaodong's thirty-fourth Liu Huangshu to leap over Tanxi and return to Xuande Nanzhang, where he lived in seclusion. Xu Shu's letter industry met the British master's thirty-sixth time and Xuande attacked Fancheng's plan and recommended Zhuge's thirty Recommend celebrities to visit the thatched cottage for thirty-eight times to decide the battle of three-point decision-making in Longzhong, while revenge on the Yangtze River returned to Jingzhou City on thirty-ninth, where childe made three plans and strategist Bo Wang Po, and first returned to Mrs. Cai to propose Jingzhou on forty days. Zhuge Liang set fire to a new field. The 40th time, Liu Xuande led people to cross the river, and Zhao Zilong rode alone to save the savior. Forty-two times, Zhang Yide made a scene in Changban Bridge, and Liu Yuzhou defeated Han Jinkou. The forty-third time, Zhuge Liang's war of words, Confucianism, Confucianism, Confucianism, pushed the crowd. The forty-fourth time, Kong Ming used his wisdom to stimulate Zhou Yu's Sun Quan to make up his mind to break Cao Cao's mind. Back to the 45th Sanjiangkou Cao Cao defeated the soldiers' heroes' meeting. Forty-six back to the secret plan of arrow sacrifice and Huang Gai was fined forty-seven back to Kan Ze to sacrifice false surrender, Pang Tongqiao applied a series of tricks forty-eight back to the banquet on the Yangtze River, Cao Cao's poems and songs locked the warships in the north, 49 back to the Seven Star Altar, Zhuge Liang's sacrifice to the wind, Sanjiangkou, Zhou Yu's arson, 50 back to Zhuge Liang's wisdom, Huarong Guan Yunchang's righteousness, Cao Cao's fifty-first back to Coss war, Wu Dongbing's anger, Zhou Gongjin Zhuge Zhao Zilong took Guiyang to Guan Yunchang for fifty-three trips, Huang Hansheng Sun Zhongmou to fight Zhang Wenyuan The fifty-fifth trip to Xuande stimulated Mrs Sun's Kongming Erqi Zhou Gongjin's fifty-sixth trip to Cao Cao's banquet, Tongquetai Kongming Sanqi Zhou Gongjin's fifty-seventh trip to Chaisangkou Wolong to mourn the loss of Leiyang County chicks. Fifty-eighth time to Ma Mengqi to recruit soldiers. Si Nuo hated that Cao Aman cut and abandoned his robe. Chu Xu's naked clothes and books against Ma Chao and Cao Cao. Han Sui returned to Zhang Yongnian for the sixtieth time to fight against difficulties. Yang Xiu Pang Shiyuan discussed taking the West Shu. Back to the sixty-first time, Zhao Yun cut the river and seized Dou Sunquan's suicide note. Back to the sixty-second, Levin was beheaded and wanted to attack Luocheng, while Stevie Hoang wanted to succeed. The sixty-third time Zhuge Liang cried bitterly. Pang Zhangtong went his own way and released Yan Yan. Back to the sixty-fourth kongming to catch Zhang Ren. Yangfu borrowed soldiers to break Ma Chao's sixty-fifth steed, and Liu Bei led Yizhou to shepherd. The sixty-sixth time, Guan Yunchang went to the meeting alone, and the Queen died for her country. Back to the sixty-seventh, Cao Cao pacified Hanzhong, Zhang Liao Megatron, xiaoyaojin, back to the sixty-eighth, Gan Ning, Bai Qi robbed Wei Ying, Zuo Ci broke the cup, Cao Cao back to the sixty-ninth, Bu Zhouyi, Guan Luo knew that the opportunity outweighed the Han thief's five deaths. Seventy times, Zhang Fei was brave and took Wakouguan. Old Huang Zhong's plan to seize the sky and shake the mountain in the seventy-first time. According to Hanshui records, Zhao Yun was outnumbered in the seventy-second session. Back to the seventy-third, Zhuge Liang outwitted Hanzhong and Cao Aman retreated from Xiegu. Back to the seventy-fourth, Liu Bei and Wang Hanzhong Yunchang attacked Xiangyang City. Pang Lingming carried the coffin to the death. The seventy-fifth time Guan Yunchang flooded the Seventh Army. Guan Yunchang curettage bone to cure poison. Lv Ziming white clothes crossed the river in the seventy-sixth time. Xu couldn't help rejoicing. Guan Yunchang defeated Maicheng in the war. Back in Yuquan Mountain, Guan Gong and the sage Luoyang City, Cao Cao felt fascinated. When the wind disease is cured, the imperial doctor dies and carries on the family line. The number of adulterers is over. Back in 79, my brother forced his brother Cao Zhi to write poems, and my nephew was trapped by Uncle Liu Feng. Back to 80, Cao Pi deposed the emperor and usurped the throne. Hanwang Liu can continue the great cause of reunification. 8 1 back, eager to avenge Zhang Fei. Xue Di hated the former leader and recruited soldiers. Back in 1982, Sun Quan surrendered to Wei, and offered the Sixth Army for the eighty-third battle. The enemy of Xiao Ting, the scholar of Baojiangkou, worshipped the general in the 84 th World War. Lu Xun's camp burned 700 Li. Kong Ming cleverly laid eight arrays in the eighty-fifth battle. Liu Xian's letters entrusted Zhuge Liang, an orphan, to live on Pingwu Road in the eighty-sixth battle. In the eighty-seventh battle, Zhang Wen and Fuqin opposed the fire attack by Cao Pi and Xu Sheng. After crossing the Lushui River, Wang Fan was tied up for three times, and Meng Huo was captured for eighty-nine times and returned to Wuxiang Hou. Wang Wu was captured ninety times. The ninety-first drive behemoth six broken barbarians and seven burned rattan armor to capture Meng Huo. The ninety-first sacrifice to Lushui Han Xiangban army attacked Wuhou in the Central Plains. Back to the ninety-second Zhao Zilong beheaded five generals, Zhuge Liang outwitted three cities. The ninety-third time I surrendered to the marquis of Wuxiang and cursed Wang Lang to death. Back to 94. Ge Liang braved the snow to break the Qiang, and Sima Yike captured Meng Da every day. Back to Ma Su, refused to remonstrate with street kiosks. Wuhou played the piano and retired from Zhong Da. Back to Zhuge Liang, he cut off Zhou Fu's hair in Ma Su with tears and earned Cao Xiu's money. Back in Wei Wuhou, he returned to the negotiating table and broke the fraud of Cao Bing and Jiang Wei. Back to the ninety-eighth, chasing the Han army, Xinmeile joint-stock company, attacking Chencang Wuhou, winning. Back to Zhuge Liang, he broke Wei Bing Sima Yi's invasion of West Shu and returned to the hundredth time. Han soldiers robbed the village, and Cao Zhen, the marquis of Wu, went to battle and humiliated Zhong Da. The 111th time, Zhuge makeup god rushed to Jiange Zhang in Gansu. Back to one hundred and twenty, Sima Yi told Zhuge Liang for the first time that he was working in Wei Qiao, Beiyuan. Back to one hundred and thirty, Gu Sima was trapped in the valley. Five times, Zhuge Jianxing fell into the sky, and the Prime Minister of Daxing Han died. The wooden statue in Wei Du was frightened. Back to one hundred and fifty, marquis pre-stored tips, and Wei Zhu took the first exposure. 106 back to Gongsun Yuan and died in defeat, Xiangping Sima Yi cheated money in Cao Shuang 107 back to Wei as the master, Sima Jiangwei defeated Niutoushan 108 back to the heavy snow, and Zhong Fen's short soldiers ambushed Sima Han at the dinner party, 109 back to destroy Cao's family,/kloc-0 1 12 to save Shouchun, Yu Quan's death, take the Great Wall, Job, fight, 1 13 to Ding Feng, 1 14 to behead Sun Chen, Jiang Wei and defeat Wargo,/. 1 15 defeated Wei Bing, and 1 16 asked Jiang Wei to avoid disaster. We will divide our troops into Hanzhong Road, and Mr. Wuhou will set up the army mountain, and 1 17 will return to Deng Shizhai's stealing arena in Zhuge Zhan War. The 118th time after Mianzhu's death, the ancestral hall wept, a king died, and he was filial, and he entered Xichuan for the second time, winning glory, surrendering falsely for the 119th time, imitating Zen for the 120th time, and recommending it for the 120th time. Du Yu's veteran presented a new trick to surrender Sun Bin's three-point unified figure statistics [back to the directory] In the teaching and research of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, there was a habitual mistake: It is said that "there are always more than 400 words written in it. Most of the authoritative literature history and novel history published since the founding of the People's Republic of China are described in this way; Until recently, some literary history, novel history and dictionaries still followed this theory. Sending the wrong message is inseparable.

Soju on the hero, Soju on the hero.

The so-called "Romance of the Three Kingdoms has written more than 400 words" actually originated from the History of the Three Kingdoms, the first of Jiajing's popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms. However, there are a series of mistakes here: First, the History of the Three Kingdoms lists 508 people, but the predecessors did not count them carefully, only roughly estimated them, and then put forward the theory of "more than 400 people", which is inaccurate even for the History of the Three Kingdoms. Second, and more importantly, The History of the Three Kingdoms was copied from Chen Shou's Catalogue of the History of the Three Kingdoms (including official history, biographies and attached biographies), and some of its characters, such as Chen Zuo and Chang Bo of Shu Han, Yuan Huan, Liang Mao, He Kui and Xing of Cao Wei. Third, and equally important, many characters in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms are not listed in The History of the Three Kingdoms, such as Chen Shi, Deng Liang, Fan Jian, Guan Fei, Gao Xiang and Hu Ji in Shu, Chen Tai, Deng Dun, Ding Fei, Dong Xun, Zhao Hao, Jia Huan, Jiang Gan and Soochow in Cao Wei. As for many fictional characters in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, it is certainly impossible to be included in The History of the Three Kingdoms. It can be seen that the so-called "Romance of the Three Kingdoms has written more than 400 words" is the product of carelessness and is completely wrong. So, how many characters did The Romance of the Three Kingdoms write? In the Dictionary of Romance of the Three Kingdoms (published by Bashu Bookstore), there are 1258 entries in the characters section. Exclude 28 cross references (such as "A Dou", "Hou Zhu" and "Qian Zhu"). ), in fact, there are 1230 words written about romance. Most of these characters have famous surnames, totaling about 1000 people; Very few people without names also have clear kinship with other characters. Therefore, the correct statement is: The Romance of the Three Kingdoms wrote 1798 people, including about 1200 people with a famous surname. It is indeed a masterpiece with the most characters in ancient novels. In The Romance of The Three Kingdoms, there are * * *11people with surnames, including 436 military commanders, 45 civil servants, 45 1 people, descendants of the royal family, queens and eunuchs in the Han and Sanjin Dynasties 128 people, and others/kloc-. Some critics believe that the lack of art in this work is the lack of development and change of characters, and some characters exaggerate too much, which leads to distortion. Artistic Achievements [Back to Directory] The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is not only an earlier historical novel, but also represents the highest achievement of ancient historical novels. The novel uses simple classical Chinese, which is vivid, fluent, elegant and popular; Brush strokes are full of changes, contrasts, redundancies, twists and turns, and swaying. The structure is magnificent, and the events of about a hundred years and many characters with complicated clues are organized completely and closely, and the narrative is orderly, echoing, interrelated, interlocking and advancing layer by layer. The artistic achievement of The Romance of Three Kingdoms is more important in the description of war and characterization. Novels are best at describing wars and can write the characteristics of each war. Pay attention to describing the application of different strategies and tactics under specific conditions, and guide the subjective initiative of combat, instead of spending the main pen and ink on the simple strength and martial arts contest. For example, the Battle of Guandu, the Battle of Battle of Red Cliffs and the Battle of Yiling. The writing of each war also changes with the characteristics of the war. While writing about the war, other activities are also written as the prelude, aftermath or auxiliary means of the war, which makes the exciting and thrilling war seem relaxed and slow. Such as the cooperation between Battle of Red Cliffs's former grandson and Liu, the contradiction between Zhuge Liang and Zhou Yu, the temptation of Cao Cao, and the in-depth preparation of Sun Liu's allied forces to lure the enemy. In the aspect of characterization, the novel pays special attention to putting the characters in the sharp contradiction of real struggle and expressing their ideological character through their words and deeds or the surrounding environment. Such as Cao Cao's treachery, every move seems to hide intrigue; Zhang Fei has nothing but innocence and recklessness. Zhuge Liang has a well-thought-out plan, and he is always comfortable and leisurely in the face of things. The famous Guan Yu's Wen Jiu Chops Hua Xiong, Zhang Fei's Wei Zhen Tian Chang Ban Bridge, Zhao Yun's Riding Alone to Save the Young Master, and Zhuge Liang's Seven Rescue Meng Huo are even more widely circulated chapters. Although The Romance of the Three Kingdoms takes history as its theme, it is not a history book after all, but a literary work. Because of artistic processing, there are many fictions. The artistic achievements of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms are various: 1. It has successfully created many characters. There are 1798 people in the book, among which the main characters are typical artists with distinctive personalities and vivid images. All kinds of roles have their own * * *; People of the same kind have their own personalities. When describing the characters, the author is good at grasping the basic characteristics, highlighting one aspect, exaggerating, and using the methods of comparison and contrast to make the characters vivid and vivid. This is a basic principle of the author's characterization. The best explanation for applying this principle in novels is what people have always called "three unique skills", that is, Cao Cao's "technique of treacherous men"-treacherous men; Guan Yu's "absolute righteousness"-"righteousness is as heavy as a mountain"; Kong Ming's "unique wisdom"-extraordinary wit. The methods of portraying characters in novels mainly include: putting characters in thrilling military and political struggles and shaping them in sharp and complicated contradictions and conflicts. For the main characters, their complex personalities are often expressed through a series of storylines and characters' language. 2. It is good at describing war. This book * * * has written more than forty wars, showing thrilling war scenes. Among them, the Battle of Guandu, the Battle of Battle of Red Cliffs and the Battle of Yiling are the most prominent. For several key battles that determine the rise and fall of the Three Kingdoms, the author always focuses on describing and writing all aspects of the war, such as the strategies and tactics of both sides, the comparison of forces, and the transformation of status. , colorful, ever-changing, unique, fully embodies the complexity and diversity of war; It not only writes about the fierceness, tension and adventure of the war, but also does not seem miserable. Generally, they are in a high-spirited style, and some of them are calm, quiet and relaxed. Its structure is magnificent and exquisite. The time is as long as a hundred years, with hundreds of characters, complicated events and complicated clues. Description should not only conform to the basic facts, but also pay attention to the coherence of artistic plots. So it is very difficult to arrange the structure. However, the author can write methodically and clearly, and each chapter can be independent, and the book is a complete artistic whole. This is mainly due to the author's grand and rigorous conception. He organized the story of the whole book with Shu Han as the center and the contradiction and struggle of the three countries as the main line, which was both tortuous and coherent. There is a master and a slave, and the master and the slave work closely together. 4. The language is concise and fluent. This language seems to be semi-written today, but it was close to the vernacular at that time; Writing novels in this language is a pioneering work, which is an obvious progress compared with the rough and mixed language of some novels in the past. The biggest shortcoming of Romance of the Three Kingdoms in art is its fixed characters and lack of development and change. This may be influenced by the stereotyped characters in folklore and the limitations of historical materials. Second, imagination and exaggeration are sometimes unreasonable. Mr. Lu Xun said: "What I want to show is that Liu Zhichang is thick and fake, and he looks like a demon." This criticism is to the point. Analysis of Characters in Romance of the Three Kingdoms [Return to Content] There is also a big gap between the characters in Romance of the Three Kingdoms and the real characters in the history of the Three Kingdoms. Here are a few characters to illustrate. Cao Cao: In history, Cao Cao's character is very complicated. Chen Shou thinks that Cao Cao is "the first in the history of the Three Kingdoms". "The magic of application and transaction, Han Bai's unique strategy, and the official licensing materials have their own tools, and they are sentimental and don't forget the old evils." Cao Cao has been in charge of the army for more than 30 years, but he can't let go. He must be endowed when he climbs high. He is better at poetry, cursive script and Go. Live frugally and don't pay attention to clothes. Discuss with others, laughing and laughing. "Honor should be rewarded, generous daughter; Nothing can be done, nothing can be done. " He is a first-rate politician, strategist and writer in the history of China. In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, these good aspects of Cao Cao's character and morality are ignored, while his cruel and treacherous side is exaggerated. Therefore, Luo Guanzhong's Cao Cao is a typical treacherous and suspicious figure. Zhuge Liang: Zhuge Liang's ability to govern the country and the army, his character of helping the world and loving the people, and his modesty and prudence set an example for various outstanding historical figures in later generations. The monarch, intellectuals and the people all praised him, praised him and loved him from different angles. It can be said that Zhuge Liang's great influence in history has surpassed his political and military practice in the history of the Three Kingdoms. Although The Romance of the Three Kingdoms highlights the positive aspects of Zhuge Liang's life, such as personality, morality and achievements, it is infinitely exaggerated, describing him as the embodiment of wisdom and the representative of loyalty, and deifying him into a superman image that is half man and half god. Lu Xun commented: "There are many wise men, and they are close to the devil." Therefore, Zhuge Liang in Romance of the Three Kingdoms is not a real historical figure, but a historical novel figure. Guan Yu: In history, Guan Yu was the tiger general of "ten thousand enemies". He is proud of himself and has no regrets, and his grievances are clear. He is famous for his loyalty, but he is also "righteous and proud". After Ma Chao surrendered to Liu Bei, he was named General of the Day. When Guan Yu was in charge of Jingzhou, he wrote a book with Zhuge Liang, "Ask who can compare with the super talent." Zhuge Liang wrote back that Ma Chao is a great man in the world, but he is not as good as Guan Yu's "peerless", and Guan Yu "keeps books to entertain himself as a guest." However, in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, because he is a member of Liu Bei's camp and has the characteristics of loyalty, he is portrayed as the embodiment of benevolence and righteousness. He followed Liu Bei and did not avoid difficulties and obstacles. Xiapi was captured and surrendered to Cao Cao, but he was worried about Liu Bei. Just because Cao Cao was very kind to him, he killed Yan Liang, the general of Yuan Shao, for Cao Cao before he left Cao and returned to Liu, and lifted the siege of the white horse. But what is written in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms is that Guan Yu met three times when Pi surrendered, and Cao Cao had a small banquet on the third day and a big banquet on the fifth day, but it was false. In short, in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the author described Guan Yu as a "righteous man", so his image was seriously distorted. Liu Bei: Chen Shou's evaluation of Liu Bei is: "Hongyi is generous, knows people and treats scholars, and is a hero in the style of Gao Zu." And entrusted the whole country to Zhuge Liang, but with the same mind, sincere monarch and minister serve the public and prosper in ancient and modern times. If you have no right to do something, you can't catch Wei Wu. Because the cardinality is too narrow. However, he "persisted, and he would never do it." "In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the author described Liu Bei as a representative of benevolence and the orthodox successor of the imperial power in the Han Dynasty. Therefore, he tried his best to describe Liu Bei's kind, generous and kind personality, which was extremely exaggerated. However, while highlighting his kindness, he fell into a failure side, giving people a feeling of kindness and righteousness. Liu Bei in TV plays is often Lacrimosa. Although crying and tears show Liu Bei's "benevolence", they give people the impression that Liu Bei's world is crying and distort Liu Bei's true image as a "hero". Longzhong pair also has similarities. When Cao Cao's army marched south to Jingzhou, Sun Quan's men all surrendered, but Lu Su advocated resisting Cao and advised Sun Quan to recall Zhou Yu in order to defend the plan in the commercial war. After Battle of Red Cliffs, he urged-Cao. In the history of Wu Dong, Lu Su was a real Zhuge Liang figure, and Sun Quan also admired him very much. The establishment and development of Wu was basically carried out in accordance with the political strategy and strategic policy put forward by Lu Su. However, in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Lu Su became a victim of the wits and wits of Zhuge Liang and Zhou Yu, a typical example of being fooled and bullied. The artistic defects [back to the catalogue] are firstly the fatalistic circular theory of history, which has been strengthened in the rough edition. The author has very strong feudal thoughts and limitations, and various feudal superstitions are among them, which should be eliminated when reading. Except for the original version, other rewritten versions have basically deleted these things. The biggest shortcoming of Romance of the Three Kingdoms in art is its fixed characters and lack of development and change. This may be influenced by the stereotyped characters in folklore and the limitations of historical materials. Second, imagination and exaggeration are sometimes unreasonable. Mr. Lu Xun said: "I want to show Liu Bei's long and thick, but he looks like a fake. He looks like a demon." "This criticism is to the point. Books and Historical Facts [Back to Directory] The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is based on the annals of the Three Kingdoms. Zhang Xuecheng, a famous scholar in Qing Dynasty, said that "seven points are true and three points are false" when referring to the romance in Chen Bing Miscellanies. Many wonderful plots in The Romance are legends through the ages, which are deeply influenced by local legends and anecdotes in unofficial history. After the May 4th Movement in the early years of the Republic of China, anti-traditional scholars actively clarified the history of the Three Kingdoms to re-evaluate traditional positive figures such as Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu and Liu Bei. Innovative scholars such as Hu Shi and Lu Xun also took the lead in interpreting The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, due to the clarification of the real history and Mao Zedong's personal preference for Cao Cao, there was also the recent "academic superman" Professor Yi Zhongtian's "Yi Zhongtian Pinsan Three Kingdoms". Before the reform and opening up, new China scholars often inherited the explanations of Zhuge Liang and Guan Yu by anti-traditional scholars, and quoted The History of the Three Kingdoms to refute The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Label: Romance of the Three Kingdoms

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