What is the rhetorical device that people always leave?

Metonymy, as its name implies, is to borrow one thing to replace another, so most of the borrowed pronouns are nouns. When using it, we must consider the legitimacy and universality of substitution, try to simplify it as much as possible, and achieve smooth meaning. Moreover, metonymy at this time is generally similar to seeing the big from the small, seeing the big from the small, reflecting the big situation or seeing the big from the small, making the sentence more vivid and concrete.

Generally speaking, metonymy is a rhetorical method of borrowing people or things closely related to metonymy when speaking or writing articles, rather than directly saying what you want to express. What is replaced is called "ontology" and what is replaced is called "borrowing". When "ontology" does not appear, it is replaced by "borrowing body".

Application mode

There are many methods of metonymy, mainly the following:

1, partially generating the whole

That is to say, replace the noumenon with the representative part of things.

If the green hills on both sides of the strait are opposite, the lonely sails come from the sun. (Looking at Tianmen Mountain from afar)

Replaced the boat with a part of the sail;

For example, fog will rest at dawn, and apes and birds will sing wildly; Night is coming and the scales are sinking. ("Thank you for writing the book")

Fish scales are used instead of fish.

2. Feature generation ontology

In other words, the name of the ontological thing is replaced by the characteristics and signs of the borrowing body (person or thing).

For example, Yamaraja was beheaded with a hundred thousand flags. (meiling three chapters)

It is a symbol rather than an ontology, and a "symbol" is used to replace the army or armed forces.

For example: white-collar workers

Use the dress characteristics of professionals to refer to themselves.

3. Concrete generation of abstraction

For example: 1. The tenth year of Southland. (meiling three chapters)

The "beacon smoke" in the example 1 was originally a firework used for warning in ancient borders. Here it refers to war, which concretizes and visualizes the abstract concept of war.

4. Tools instead of ontology

For example: 1. In the season of scare farming, eight out of ten households have set fire to their stocks and can't open the pot. (Yu)

The word "hoarding" in 1 is a tool for storing grain, and "lighting the bottom of hoarding" is used to indicate the shortage of grain; A "pot" is a tool for cooking. If you can't open the pot, you have no food.

5, proper names are generally called.

Replace the name of ontology with a special name of a typical person or thing.

For example: 1. If you kill a Li Gongpu, millions of people in Li Gongpu will stand up! ("The Last Speech")

The second "Li Gongpu" in 1 refers to a person who is not afraid of bloodshed and sacrifices, but fights for democracy and peace.

6. Replace the cause with the result

Make people laugh.

Laughing is holding your stomach, and the reason for laughing is that there are jokes or funny things. Replacing "jokes" with the result of "laughter" makes people laugh.

7. Image generation ontology

For example, there are two grandfathers sitting on it, one in the east is a jacket and the other in the west is a suit.

Extended data

Bodhi Without Trees is one of the four famous sentences of Master Huineng, the sixth ancestor of Zen Buddhism in China. It is intended to show that all promising things are like bubbles of dreams, teaching people not to be delusional and persistent, so that they can see the essence clearly and prove Bodhi by themselves.

The origin of words

1. This poem is found in the Tanjing written by Dunhuang. As for the origin of this poem, there is a clear record in the fourth to eighth sections of the Tanjing: Hongren, the fifth ancestor, "called all his disciples one day" and asked everyone to "write a poem". He also said, "If you get the gist", that is, "Fu Yi is as good as the law, which is an important thing for six generations." Shen Xiu, the last disciple of Hong Ren, wrote a poem in front of the door: "I am a bodhi tree, and my heart is like a mirror platform. Wipe it frequently to make it dust-free. "

When Hong Ren learned of this, he "summoned the abbot" and said that "if you do this, you won't be in front of you" and "if you find the supreme bodhi, you won't be there", so he asked him to "write another poem". And "it's impossible to show off for a few days." Huineng's poems are directed at Shen Xiu's Five Fragrant Books. The altar sutra says that Huineng can't read, so please first.

As soon as people read these beautiful words, they wrote this song: "Please read this book and write it on the Western Wall."

This poem, like that beautiful one, is different in principle in practice methods. Shen Xiu's song "No Love" made him lose the qualification of being a red man, but he became the founder of Beizong. Because Shen Xiu emphasized "being always clean", later generations called it "gradual revision school".

Huineng's poetry is a complete denial of beauty, that is, subjective idealism is a complete denial of objective idealism, which directly grasps the key to "seeing nature as a Buddha" and is called "Epiphany School".

Huineng pointed out in the 20th section of the Tanjing: "Human nature is self-purification, and all laws are self-nature. To think of all evil things is to do evil; Think about all good deeds and cultivate them. " This is the basis of Huineng's epiphany theory. In his view, there is no insurmountable gap between "fools" and "wise men", "good people" and "wicked people", and between them and "Buddha". From "infatuation" to "enlightenment", it is only between one thought.

This thought of "putting down the butcher's knife and becoming a Buddha on the spot" not only played a great role in the evolution of Buddhism in China, but also had a great influence on China's philosophical theory.

2. Zen story-Bodhi has no trees.

Hui Neng is lonely and hard, and sells firewood in the city for a living. And when I heard a guest recite the Diamond Sutra, I realized something, so I went to Wuzu to learn Buddhism.

One day, Wuzu called all his disciples: "I tell you, life and death are important things in the world. You just want to be in the sky all day long, and you don't want to find out the pain of life and death. If you are fascinated by yourself, how can you save happiness? " Look at your own wisdom, take it from your inner nature and make a poem for me. If you get the general idea, you are the sixth generation ancestor. "

No sooner had everyone waited for the magic performance to write a poem than the magic performance secretly wrote a poem on the wall, saying, "I am a bodhi tree, and my heart is like a mirror platform." Always wipe it clean and don't get dust. "

The Five Ancestors ordered the master to make incense and recite this poem. But I told Shen Xiu myself, "You've never seen your nature, but you only went outside and didn't go in. Such an opinion is beyond bodhi and impossible to get. "

Huineng can't read, but when he smells this song, he knows that he has never seen his nature. The trustee also wrote a book saying: "Bodhi has no trees, and the mirror is not a stage. Nothing, where is the dust? "

Everyone was surprised. When the fifth ancestor saw it, he shined his shoes and said, "It's also asexual." I'm worried about having nowhere to live. Since it's quiet, why should I have a look? The realm of five ancestors was born.

"Bodhi has no trees": Bodhi is a kind of consciousness, so what trees are there? If there is a tree, Bodhi will succeed, and persevere. Bodhi had nothing. You said you realized it, but what does it look like? Is it cyan? Yellow? Red? White? Tell me, see if it's invisible.

Huineng means "a mirror is not a platform": you say that your heart is like a mirror platform, but there is no platform at all. With a platform, you will be persistent. As the saying goes, "You should have nothing to live in, but your heart will grow". Why is there a platform?

"There was nothing": there was nothing, no appearance, no picture, no form, so there was nothing at all.

"Where does the dust come from?" Since there is nothing, where does the dust come from? There is no place to live.

Five ancestors erased: the heart is immortal, and it seems to be extinct when it meets the environment. The reason why the heart has obstacles and dust is only because the heart has a place on the surface of everything in the world. Old friends will have troubles, which will lead to insatiable greed, inability to see their hearts clearly, and no real freedom. You know, everything in the world will eventually be destroyed.

Therefore, it is illusory, not eternal, and we should not cherish it with too much blood. Everything is for my use, not mine. A heart with nothing to live in and nothing to hinder is unintentional and dust-free.

The five ancestors mean,' You have to live without a home, but you have to be born with a heart'. If you don't have all persistence, that's what the Buddha said:' All sentient beings have wisdom and virtue, but they can't be proved by delusion and persistence.' This place teaches people not to be persistent. What do you do with it? If you cling to it, won't you die in the future? What will you cling to when you die?

Bodhi trees have no trees, and the mirror platform is not a platform.

Buddha's nature is always pure, where can there be dust?

Baidu encyclopedia-metonymy

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