Classical Chinese?

Content words are relative to function words.

Content words: words that express real meaning, including nouns, verbs, adjectives, numerals, quantifiers, and pronouns.

Function words: words that do not express actual meaning but express grammatical meaning, including: adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, particles, interjections, and onomatopoeia.

In the examination of content words in classical Chinese texts, attention should be paid to the conjugation of parts of speech: nouns are conjugated into verbs, adjectives and verbs are conjugated into nouns, etc. Inferences can be made based on the position of the word by borrowing relevant knowledge of modern Chinese

In classical Chinese texts Function words often have their fixed functions and positions. For example, sentence-initial function words such as pronouncing words: Fu, Gai, Chu, Wei, and Si are often used at the beginning of sentences; words that mark dialogue, such as: 曰, 云, and 语, all belong to the dialogue prompts we are talking about now, and in them usually have to be disconnected after; expressing statements and exclamations

Analysis of 120 content words in classical Chinese lt; brgt;

Alt; brgt;

爱1) Pity, cherish. For example: Each of the three kingdoms loves his own land. 2) Reluctant and stingy. For example: The people all love the king. lt; brgt;

An 1) Stability, stability. For example: It can bring prosperity to the world. 2) Comfort and comfort. Such as: die in peace. 3) Feed, support. For example: If you dare not specialize in food and clothing, you will have to divide it between people. 4) Interrogative pronouns can be translated as "where", "how", "why", "he", etc. For example: The sparrow knows the ambition of the swan. Pei Gongan is here.

Acquainted. Familiar. Know. For example: The scenery is familiar to me. lt; brgt;

Press to view, check, verify. For example: According to the Book of the Western Regions, the people of Wu were invited to court for the rebellion, and five people were executed. lt; brgt;

Case: 1) Several cases, table cases, such as: drawing a knife to cut the previous case 2) Through "press", to observe and investigate. For example: There is a plan for summoning. lt; brgt;

媪 1) An honorific title for elderly women. For example: The old minister thinks that I am the Lord of Chang'an and is plotting against him. 2) Generally refers to women. lt; brgt;

Blt; brgt;

Stop: 1) Stop, end. So he stopped drinking, and Hou Sheng became the guest. 2) It refers to "ti", fatigue and weakness. Such as: lead the pawn to stop the evil; brgt;

White: report, tell. For example: Then you can whiten your father-in-law. lt; brgt;

Award: 1) Distribution, reward. For example: In the past, the emperor awarded the Western pearls brought by monk Bao to his courtiers. 2) There are "spots" and gray hair. For example: Those who are awarded white are worthy of being worn on the road. lt; brgt;

lt; brgt;

Next to, close to. For example: Two rabbits walking next to each other can tell whether I am male or female. lt; brgt;

Slander 1) Publicly accuse others of their faults. For example: Those who can slander and ridicule the city and court, and hear it in the ears of few people, will receive a lower reward. 2) Slander, slander. For example: Believe and be doubted, be loyal and be slandered. lt; brgt;

Exposed 1) Exposed to the sun. For example: someone who is no longer strong despite being exposed to the sun. 2) Exposed. For example: Si Jue's grandfather was exposed to frost and dew, cutting thorns. 3) Suddenly, suddenly. For example: the flood of water will bring great benefits. lt; brgt;

North retreat in defeat, flee in defeat. For example: The people of Lu followed the emperor and fought in three battles in the north. lt; brgt;

Preparation: 1) Have, complete. For example: Accumulate good deeds and become virtuous, and the gods will be content with themselves, and the holy heart will be ready. 2) Complete, thorough and thoughtful. For example: I am waiting for you to be born. 3) Adverbs, all, all. For example: The dangers and difficulties are great, so be prepared to try them. lt; brgt;

Times means "back", betrayal, betrayal, abandonment. For example: I hope that Bo Gu has words and ministers dare not be twice as virtuous. lt; brgt;

Disobedience 1) Violation, conflict. For example: the new is the opposite, the past and the past are contradictory. 2) Fallacy, absurdity. For example: If you do anything like this, you will definitely be disobedient. lt; brgt;

Being 1) suffered, suffered. For example: King Qin attacked Ke again and was wounded eight times. There is hunger and hunger in the world, and the journey of heaven will cause Yu Tang to be suppressed. 2) Tong "Phi". For example: The general's body is sharpened. As for Qu Yuan, he was sent to Yinze Bank. lt; brgt;

Ben 1) The root of the tree.

For example: logging is not based on its roots 2) refers to agriculture, which was based on agriculture in ancient times. For example: Now we have gone back to the original and become the end. 3) Investigate and investigate. Such as: suppress the traces of success or failurelt; brgt;

Collapse: the death of ancient emperors and queens. For example: Once the mountains collapse. lt; brgt;

Than 1) juxtaposed, and such as: the two knees are close to each other, each hidden in the folds of the bottom of the clothes 2) wait. For example: Go away and close the door with your hands. 3) Equal, equal. For example: as long as the heaven and earth, and as bright as the sun and the moon. lt; brgt;

He: 1) demonstrative pronoun, that, those, there. For example: When you pass away, you will be suitable for that paradise. 2) Personal pronouns, he, they. For example: If you are prepared to be united with him, and your superiors and subordinates are on the same page, then it is better to appease him and make an alliance with him. lt; brgt;

Be: to make. For example: to enter the county. lt; brgt;

Despicable 1) Frontier, such as: Shu is despicable, there are two monks 2) Vulgar, vulgar, despicable, such as: meat eaters are despicable, unable to plan far. 3) Words of self-effacement. Such as: Dare to be sincere, respectful and short-tempered. lt; brgt;

Coins generally refer to gifts. Such as: Thousands of gold and heavy coins. lt; brgt;

Function words are particles, pronouns and the like.

The usage of common function words in junior middle school classical Chinese

(Examples are mainly in volumes four, five, and six)

Part 1

(One ) pronoun

As a third-person pronoun, it can stand for people, things, and things. Generations are mostly in the third person, translated as "he (she) (them)" or "it (them)". For example: ① The public rides on it and fights with the long spoon. ("On the War of Cao GUI") ② Chen Shengzuo killed two lieutenants. ("Chen She Family") ③ Meat eaters seek this. ("The Battle of Cao GUI")

Sometimes it is also used as the first person, translated as "I". For example: Taiwei Gou thought he could be taught but humiliated him, which was fortunate. ("Book of Privy Councilor Han Taiwei")

(2) Particles

1. Structural particles are translated as "的", but some may not be translated. For example: ① I try to seek the heart of ancient benevolent people. ("Yueyang Tower") ② Small and large prisons, although they cannot be observed, must be based on emotion. ("Cao GUI's Debate")

2. Structural particles are placed between the subject and the predicate to cancel the independence of the sentence and are not translated. For example: ① It is a credit to a doctor that he is good at curing the disease and does not cure the disease. ("Bian Que Meets Duke Huan of Cai") ② The Duailian comes out of the mud and remains unstained. ("Ailian Shuo") ③The minister used the king's officials to attack the Song Dynasty, which was similar to this. ("Gongshu")

3. Syllable particles. Used to adjust syllables. It has no meaning and is generally not translated. For example: ① The general drums for it ("The Battle of Cao GUI") ② After a long time, the eyes seem to be in silence and the mind is very idle ("Wolf") ③The long-term regret and hatred ("Chen She Family")

4. Structural particles are signs of advance of the object. Such as: ① What's so shameful? ("Humble Room Inscription") ②What crime did Song Dynasty commit? ("Gongshu") ③And the people who live in the city don't know it. ("Manjing Travels")

5. Structural particles are signs of attributive postposition. For example: ① If you live high in a temple, you will worry about its people; if you live far away from the rivers and lakes, you will worry about your ruler. ("Yueyang Tower") ②Look north to the rushing Yellow River. ("Book of Privy Councilor Han Taiwei")

(3) As a verb, it can be translated as "to" or "to". For example: What about the South China Sea that I want? ("Wei Xue")

者

(1) Structural particles, translated as "... of", "... person", "... thing" and "... situation" "The reason for..." etc. are equivalent to noun phrases. For example: ① Then the three husbands who led their descendants to carry the load knocked on the rocks to cultivate the soil ("The Foolish Old Man Moves the Mountain") ② If there is an adulterer and a loyal person, he should be punished and rewarded by a judge ("Shishi Biao") ③ If he does it, it will be difficult It's easy, but if you don't do it, it will be difficult to make it easy ("Wei Xue") ④ And those who live in Anling for fifty miles are just Mr. You. ("Tang Ju Fulfills His Mission")

(2) Mood particles are used after the subject to express pause. The predicate part usually ends with the word "ye" to play a judgment role. For example: ① The Foolish Old Man of Beishan is ninety years old ("The Foolish Old Man Moves the Mountain") ②The person of Zhuge Kongming is Crouching Dragon.

("Longzhong Dui")

And

is mainly used as a conjunction, which can express the following relationships:

l. The parallel relationship is generally not translated, but sometimes it can be translated as "you". For example: ① By reviewing the old and learning the new, one can become a teacher (Ten Principles of (The Analects of Confucius)") ② The one with the crown of eternity and many beards is Dongpo ("Hezhou Ji")

2. The relationship of inheritance can be translated as "Ji" or "Continue", or it may not be translated. For example: ① Bian Que looked at Huan Hou and turned away ("Bian Que Meets Duke Huan of Cai") ② The Wei's sword was straight, wide and wide, and he seized and killed the Wei ("Chen She's Family") ③ He attacked in a circle but was unable to win. The former "er" indicates an inheritance relationship. "The right way will help you many, but the wrong way will help you few"

3. Turning relationship, translated as "but", "but", "but". For example: ① I didn’t realize the strangeness of Xishan Mountain yet. ("Shide Xishan Banquet Travel Notes") ②

There is another suggestion. You'd better buy a basic Chinese knowledge manual and read it. It usually has some information in it