I hope everyone can help! ! ! I want to raise broilers! Are there many questions to ask?

Let's talk about the construction of henhouses first:

Improved varieties, nutrition and scientific feeding management, disease prevention, scientific management and animal husbandry engineering measures are the five pillars of modern chicken production, which are an organic whole. Problems in any link will cause serious economic losses. Modern aquaculture enterprises have established a perfect technical system in the first four aspects. Under the fiercely competitive market conditions, enterprises or self-employed individuals with poor conditions can also enjoy good after-sales technical services, and related technical problems can also be properly solved. However, animal husbandry engineering techniques such as chicken farm site selection and architectural design are easily overlooked, which leads to the difficulty in controlling the environment of chicken farm (shed) and lays a potential safety hazard for environmental conditions and disease control. Moreover, the chicken farm (shed) has a large investment in fixed assets, which is not easy to rebuild and has a long impact. Therefore, we should pay full attention to animal husbandry engineering measures such as chicken farm site selection, planning, chicken house design and construction, standardize chicken farm (shed) construction, and lay a solid foundation for future long-term development.

I. Site Selection

The site selection should first consider the local land use development planning and village construction development planning, and then meet the requirements of environmental protection. It is absolutely forbidden to invest in building land in protected areas, tourist areas and nature reserves, so as to avoid the waste of various resources caused by demolition after completion. After meeting the planning and environmental protection requirements, natural conditions (including topography, soil quality, water source, climate conditions, etc. ), social conditions (including water, electricity, transportation, etc. ) and health and epidemic prevention conditions, determine the site. The site should be high-lying, dry and flat, and located in the downwind of residential areas and public buildings. You can't choose areas vulnerable to floods such as valleys and depressions and areas with serious environmental pollution. Make use of non-cultivated land as much as possible, and choose sunny slope for building site selection in hilly and mountainous areas, with the slope not exceeding 20. The soil quality conforms to the provisions of the national standard (GB15618-1995), and meets the hydrogeological and engineering geological conditions required by the construction project, with sufficient water resources, convenient access and protection, and sufficient and reliable electric power.

Health and epidemic prevention conditions should be given enough attention in the process of chicken farm site selection, and veterinary health and epidemic prevention conditions are one of the key factors for the success or failure of chicken farms. Pay special attention to whether there are animal husbandry and veterinary stations, livestock farms, bazaars and slaughterhouses nearby, as well as the orientation relationship and isolation conditions with the proposed site, away from the above pollution sources. On the premise of ensuring biological safety, create convenient traffic conditions, but the distance from the main traffic trunk lines and villages should be greater than 1000M, and the second-class highway should be 100-200 m to meet the requirements of health and epidemic prevention.

Second, the planning layout

The principle of chicken farm planning is to meet the health and epidemic prevention conditions, compact buildings, save land, meet the current production needs, and comprehensively consider the possibility of future expansion and reconstruction.

1 chicken farms can be divided into management areas, production areas and isolation areas. Each functional area should be clearly defined and easy to contact. The management area and production area should be equipped with gates, disinfection pools and disinfection rooms. The management area is located in the upwind of the prevailing wind direction all the year round, and at a higher place, mainly including office facilities and auxiliary production facilities closely related to the outside world, with the main gate and disinfection pool.

The production area can be divided into several communities, and the distance between communities is more than 300m, and each community can have several henhouses. Considering epidemic prevention, sewage discharge, fire prevention and the angle between the dominant wind direction and the henhouse, the distance between the henhouses is 3 ~ 5 times the height of the henhouse.

The isolation area is located in the downwind and low-lying area of the site, mainly including the veterinary room and the isolation chicken house. In order to prevent mutual pollution, there should be a special road to contact with the outside world. There are clean roads and dirty roads in the yard, and the dirty roads are connected with the back door. The two roads are strictly separated and shall not cross or mix.

The greening of the two farms is an important part of the planning and construction of chicken farms, which should be carried out in combination with the distance between districts, houses and the needs of sun shading and wind prevention. Trees and flowers that can beautify the environment and purify the air can be planted according to local conditions, but poisonous and flying plants should not be planted.

Third, the architectural design of chicken coop

The reasonable design of henhouse can control the temperature and humidity in a suitable range, and create the necessary environmental conditions for chickens to give full play to their genetic potential and achieve the greatest economic benefits. Ventilation, heat preservation and lighting design are the keys to maintain good environmental conditions in closed or open henhouses, and can effectively reduce costs.

1. Ventilation design ventilation is an effective means to adjust the environmental conditions of the henhouse, which can not only input fresh air, discharge harmful gases such as ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), but also adjust the temperature and humidity. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to ventilation design in the architectural design of the henhouse. Ventilation is determined according to the requirements of heat balance calculation or harmful gas concentration control. Under the condition of reasonable feeding density, the ventilation of laying hens per kilogram of body weight is as follows. Broilers grow fast, have strong metabolism and a little more ventilation.

Table 1 Ventilation of laying hens per kilogram of body weight at different temperatures (m3/ bird hour)

Temperature (℃) 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Ventilation1.8 2.3 2.7 3.13.5 3.9 4.3

There are two types of ventilation: natural ventilation and mechanical ventilation. The air inlet and air outlet should be designed reasonably to prevent the occurrence of bad microclimate such as dead angle and air leakage.

(1) Natural ventilation is the natural flow of air formed by natural wind (wind pressure) and indoor and outdoor temperature difference (hot pressing), so that indoor and outdoor air can be exchanged. Ventilation design must be unified with process design and civil engineering design, such as building orientation, air inlet azimuth elevation, internal equipment layout, etc. , must be fully arranged to ensure ventilation and facilitate the implementation of lighting and other sanitary measures. The span of naturally ventilated henhouse should not be too large, 6 ~ 7.5 meters is appropriate, and the maximum span should not exceed 9 meters.

The role of wind pressure is greater than that of hot pressing, but when there is no wind, ventilation still depends on the role of temperature difference. In order to avoid offsetting the influence of temperature difference when there is wind, according to the local main wind direction, an air inlet is set below the windward side (windward direction) and an air outlet is set above the downwind side (downwind direction). It is beneficial to install ventilation pipes on the roof. When wind and temperature difference act alone or together, air can be exhausted, especially when the temperature difference between inside and outside the house is small in summer. When designing, the air duct should be 60 ~ 100 cm higher than the roof, and should have a rain cover, and the indoor part of the air duct should not be less than 60cm. In order to facilitate adjustment, a heat preservation adjusting plate should be installed to open and close at any time.

(2) Mechanical ventilation relies on mechanical power to force air exchange inside and outside the henhouse. Mechanical ventilation can be divided into positive pressure ventilation and negative pressure ventilation. Positive pressure ventilation means that the ventilator forces fresh air from the outside into the henhouse, so that the pressure in the henhouse is higher than the outside air pressure, thus exhausting the dirty air in the henhouse. Negative pressure ventilation is to use a ventilator to forcibly exhaust the dirty air in the henhouse, so that the pressure in the henhouse is slightly lower than atmospheric pressure, forming a negative pressure environment, and the air outside the henhouse flows into the henhouse through the air inlet. This ventilation mode has the advantages of low investment, simple management, slow air flow into the house and comfortable chicken body. Because of the shortcomings of transverse ventilation, such as small wind speed and many dead angles, longitudinal ventilation is generally used.

The longitudinal ventilation exhaust fans are all concentrated on the gable at the end of the sewage channel in the chicken house or on the two sides near the gable. The air inlet is opened on the gable at the end of the tunnel or on the two side walls near the gable, and the other doors and windows are all closed, so that the air entering the henhouse flows along the longitudinal axis of the henhouse, and the dirty air in the henhouse is exhausted outside by the fan. The key of longitudinal ventilation design is to generate uniform high airflow speed in the henhouse and make the airflow flow along the longitudinal axis of the henhouse, so the fan should be located at the lower part of the gable.

The ventilation volume should be designed according to the maximum ventilation value of the chicken house in summer, and the exhaust volume of the fan should be calculated. When installing fans, it is best to combine large and small fans to meet the needs of different seasons. When the exhaust air volume is equal, reducing the cross-sectional space can improve the indoor wind speed. Therefore, the chicken coop with triangular roof truss can be separated by hanging curtains every three rooms to reduce the circulation cross section. If the length of the henhouse is too long, the problem of uniform ventilation in the henhouse should be considered, and air inlets can be added to the walls on both sides of the middle of the henhouse. According to indoor air pollution and outdoor temperature, decide how many fans to turn on.

2. The temperature control design can adopt coal-fired hot-blast stove, gas-fired hot-blast stove, heating, electric brooding umbrella or brooder. The biggest advantage of furnace temperature supply is convenience and rapid temperature rise; The stove pours smoke easily and pollutes the indoor air. The advantage of hot-blast stove heating mode is that the temperature rises quickly, but the disadvantage is that the house is dry and the relative humidity is about 35%, so it is difficult to improve the humidity in the house, which is not conducive to the health of chicks. There is no smoke polluting the air in the firewall or fire channel, which is sanitary and clean, and the heating is balanced day and night, and the temperature difference is relatively reduced. From the point of view of fuel supply, both coal and wood can be burned, which is convenient for obtaining fuel. No matter which temperature supply method is adopted, it is the key to ensure that the temperature in the chicken living area is appropriate and uniform, and the ground temperature should meet the specified requirements and be covered with dry and soft padding.

High temperature in summer leads to weight loss, low feed reward, low survival rate and poor economic benefits. Therefore, thermal insulation materials should be used as much as possible in the construction of chicken coops, and necessary cooling measures should be taken. When the ambient temperature exceeds 32℃, increasing ventilation can not provide a comfortable and cool environment, and the only effective method is evaporative cooling. Wet curtain cooling method is commonly used. The principle of wet curtain cooling is that corrugated multi-layer fiber paper evaporates water, so that the air outside the house can cool down when it enters the chicken house through the gap of corrugated multi-layer fiber paper, which can reduce the indoor temperature. If the wet curtain is soaked with conditional deep well water, the temperature in the henhouse can be reduced by 6 ~ 65438 04℃.

3. Lighting design Lighting is an important factor that constitutes the poultry house environment. It not only affects the health and production performance of chickens, but also affects the sexual function of chickens through the length and intensity of lighting time and different colors. In order to get proper indoor lighting, natural lighting and artificial photography are usually combined. The light and temperature are the same, so the whole henhouse should be uniform, otherwise it will also cause uneven density, which will eventually affect the uniformity of chickens.

(1) Natural lighting is to let direct sunlight or scattered light enter the henhouse through exposed parts or windows to achieve the purpose of lighting. The area of natural light depends on the area of the window. The larger the window area, the more light will enter the room. However, the lighting area is not only in contradiction with heat preservation in winter and radiation protection in summer, but also closely related to ventilation in summer. Therefore, we should comprehensively consider various factors and reasonably determine the lighting area.

(2) Artificial lighting Artificial lighting can supplement the shortage of natural lighting, and an artificial lighting system can be established according to the biological requirements of animals. Usually, electric lamps are used as light sources. Install electric lights and power control switches in the shed, and control them according to the lighting requirements of different days and the natural lighting time of different seasons, so as to achieve the best production performance of poultry. The light intensity of broilers is 2-3W/m2 in the first two weeks and 0.75 W/m2 later. The brooding period of laying hens is the same as that of broilers, and the growth period decreases to 1- 1.3 W/m2, and the light intensity increases to 4-5 W/m2 when 18-20 weeks old, which promotes the increase of egg production.

The site selection of chicken farm and reasonable building design of chicken house are prerequisites for safe production and good economic benefits in the future. In the process of architectural design of chicken farms (houses), high standards should be designed, otherwise the environmental conditions will be reduced, especially the lifelong production performance of breeders will be irreversibly negatively affected, thus affecting economic benefits. The designed animal husbandry engineering facilities should be put into use in time according to the environmental conditions, create the best environmental conditions, give full play to the genetic potential and obtain the best economic benefits. Otherwise, short-term environmental conditions that are not up to standard may have an impact on life-long production performance. For example, bad environmental conditions during the brooding period will affect the development of chicks, which will definitely affect the future production performance and ultimately affect the economic benefits.

Tell you

Broiler breeding should have a good "five customs".

Variety clearance Because the storage period of broilers is only about 50 days, it is necessary to choose excellent broiler breeds in order to achieve the ideal fattening effect in a short time.

Chickens must be fumigated and disinfected before entering the customs for quarantine, so as to eliminate the source of infection in the henhouse. After entering the chicks, do a good job in preventing pullorum disease in chicks. Especially in the first week, two ten thousandths of furazolidone can be added to drinking water or feed at an interval of 1‐2 days for 2‐3 consecutive days. Or use penicillin, oxytetracycline, etc. And do a good job in the prevention of Newcastle disease.

Within one week of hatching, the digestive system and nervous system of chicks are not perfect, and their self-regulation ability is poor, and their resistance to cold and epidemic disease is weak, which is easy to cause death. So in the first week, we must keep the temperature at 34‐35℃ and gradually cool down. After one week, the chicks can gradually cool down to normal temperature after their weight reaches 150g.

After the feed is closed 1‐2 weeks, the energy of compound feed (small feed, also called 1) must reach 3300 kcal/kg, including 20.22% of protein, and then the energy must reach 3 100 kcal/kg, including protein18 \. It can also be used as special feed for broilers produced by feed manufacturers.

In the first week of management clearance, the range of brooding is small and the feces are easy to clean up. With the increase of age and the increase of feces, the henhouse should be cleaned every 2-3 days.