When Zhu Yuanzhang was buried, there were thirteen coffins at the city gate?

Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of Ming Dynasty, left a rich cultural heritage to Nanjing. In addition to Xiaoling Mausoleum, the longest and best-preserved city wall in the world-Nanjing Ming City Wall is also Zhu Yuanzhang's masterpiece. In the Ming dynasty, the city wall was divided into two parts: the city wall and the outer wall. In that year, there were 13 gates in the inner city and 18 gates in the outer city. This is what Nanjing calls "thirteen inside and eighteen outside". Legend has it that Zhu Yuanzhang ate an "ecstasy" when he was buried, and thirteen gates in the city were released at the same time that day. This sentence has been circulated for 600 years and is one of the most classic folk jokes in Nanjing. There used to be a folk song in Nanjing: "Three eccentrics in Nanjing, Longtan girl is like an old lady, radish is sold as a side dish, and thirteen doors carry coffins." Zhu Yuan's strange burial legend is actually considered as one of the symbols of Nanjing.

Some people may think this is nonsense, but it is not groundless. It is recorded in historical materials. For example, Zhu Guozhen's A Record of Ming Taizu has such words. On the day of Zhu Yuanzhang's burial, he was summoned and buried in various doors.

Burying in front of every house is one of the steps to hide people's eyes and ears and bury them secretly, which is a typical feature of anti-grave robbery. I thought the same thing in books like The History of People's Grave Robbery in China, but it was strange to think about it later, because everyone knew where Zhu Yuanzhang's tomb was. Who is this anti-grave robbery for? Combined with the concubines buried after Zhu Yuanzhang's death, those coffins are probably the dead harem beauties!

Martyrdom was a funeral system before Qin and Han Dynasties. The concubines around the killer are all new attendants. They went to the underworld to see the dead as "waiters". After the death of Qin Shihuang, all the women in Qin Ershi harem were executed, and they were very resentful. When Liu Bang became emperor, he abolished this inhuman evil custom. However, it has disappeared for several dynasties. When Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor, this system was restored and revived.

Ming Taizu Zhu's descendants have followed suit. After his death, more than 30 queens were buried, and even princes and ministers were martyred. For example, after the tomb of Wang Dong in Zhongxiang City, Hubei Province was stolen, local archaeologists found the martyr in a "rescue" excavation. Six coffins were found in the left and right ear chambers respectively. Judging from the identification and analysis of the remains, they are not very old, and they are all women. Because of their youth, their bones have already rotted, leaving only teeth and metal ornaments. These women should be Zhu Dong's beautiful young concubines. They can't get sick and die at the same time. The only explanation is unnatural death: martyrdom.

Let's start with Zhu Yuanzhang. In the case of the early death of Crown Prince Zhu Biao, Zhu Yuanzhang made Zhu Jun, the eldest son of Zhu Biao, the grandson of the emperor according to traditional etiquette. After Zhu Yuanzhang's death, Zhu Yun inherited the throne, which was called "Emperor Wen Jian" in history.

According to Zhu Jun _ "Testament", according to the ancient system, all the unborn concubines in Zhu Yuanzhang's harem were ordered to be executed and buried, and some other ladies-in-waiting also died. As for how to execute these living martyrs, it has always been a mystery. Some people say it is mercury poisoning. Some people say it was strangled. However, according to the records of Sejong of the Li Dynasty in North Korea, it should be hanged.

"Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty collapsed, and imperial secretary buried more than 30 people. On the day of death, all the rates were handed over to the court, and all the rates were refunded. I took them to the court and cried and trembled. Put a small wooden bed in the hall, put it on it, hang a rope around it, put your head in it, and then go to its bed, all of which died of pheasant neck. "

As you can see from above, the concubine buried in the human sacrifice stood on the small bed, and after her neck reached into the lasso, the eunuch suddenly pulled open the small bed below. At that time, Zhu Gaochi, the eldest son of the new emperor Judy, was present to say goodbye to them, which was actually "imprisonment". Two beauties, Han Shi and Cui Shi, who were selected by North Korea to enter the palace, were also executed.

Before he died, Han cried and said, "Mom, I'm leaving! Mom, I'm leaving! " She's not finished, eunu

Gave him the final conclusion: "The imperial concubine is buried, and the matter of virtue can be handled by future generations." There is no exact record of how many people died for Zhu Yuanzhang in history. According to "Mao Qiling during the reign of Emperor Yingzong of Ming Taizu", "Mao was buried in Xiaoling, and there were 46 concubines, of which only a dozen royal servants were killed."

Later, Zhu Yun commended and raised the families of these maids who risked their lives. Zhang Feng, Li Heng, Zhao Fu, Zhang Bi, Wang Bin, Nahao, Wang Bin, Yang Zhong, Lin Liang, Li Cheng, Sharla Cheung, Zheng Liu, etc. All of them were rewarded, and they were named "thousand households" and "hundred households", and all the officials were hereditary. They are the emperors' fathers and brothers who buried Zhu Yuanzhang, the so-called "heavenly women".

So many martyrs have to be buried in coffins first, and then buried in Xiaoling Mausoleum. Moreover, the number of people buried with sacrifices is just close to the figure of "13". Therefore, on the day of burial, the thirteenth door carried the coffin out at the same time, which is easy to understand. At that time, Nanjing citizens must have come out to see Zhu Yuanzhang's funeral, but because the court "cleared the field", they could only watch it from a distance. Because there are many coffins, they have been handed down and become "thirteen coffins", which has recently become a big monster in Nanjing.

Martyrdom is also an honor. However, these martyrs may not all enter Xiaoling Mausoleum, but are buried outside it. The exact location is a mystery.

According to the data of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum Administration,1March, 937, when building a dam in Xiazi Lake on the east side of Ming Mausoleum, the tomb of Amin Dynasty was discovered. The tomb is about 3 meters high and divided into two rooms, inside and outside, but strangely, the room is empty. Is this the place for martyrs?

1976, a brick tomb was found at the foot of the mountain about 300 meters west of the Ming Tombs, and a large amount of gold jewelry was unearthed. There is a gold bracelet with the word "Craftsman's Bureau" printed on it, which is the official workshop for the royal family to make jewelry. Because it was once a forbidden place in the Ming Dynasty, people who were not the emperor and relatives of the country could not be buried, so these two tombs are probably human tombs.

Professor He, a famous archaeologist and director of the Institute of Nature and Culture of Nanjing University, made a special investigation when he was in charge of the application for the Ming Tombs. The burial place of Zhu Yuanzhang's imperial concubine may be distributed in three places, one of which is west of today's mausoleum 100 meters, in today's botanical garden; In the southwest corner outside the wall of Xiaoling Palace, the third place is located on the right side of Ming Mausoleum, opposite Dongling. If that's the case, Zhu Yuanzhang is also blessed in the underworld, being held hostage by groups of beautiful women in the underworld.

Whether the 13 coffin carried out is a fake coffin or the concubines inside is still unknown, and we can only expect archaeologists to find it further.