Equality is not equal to average.

Due to the long-term neglect of education against egalitarianism, people lack objective analysis and correct understanding of the current phenomenon of excessive income gap and inequality between the rich and the poor; Sometimes there will be a feeling of opposition, some people say it is hatred of the rich, some people say it is before liberation, some people say it is the evil of capitalism, and so on. Eli beauty But when I say this, I don't mean to deny that there is great inequality in society, but to say that we should scientifically understand the essential difference between average and equality, and should not confuse them. In other words, some inequalities only reflect equality, others are unequal, and the objective facts are very complicated, so it is forbidden to generalize.

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The rationality standard of income gap is a complex economic scientific problem, and the economic theory has not been solved so far. There are many reasons for this situation, one of which is the lack of theoretical guidance, that is, the backwardness of economic philosophy, including the long-term neglect of economic ethics in theoretical circles. Marx and Engels clearly expressed their opposition to equalitarianism in Critique of the Gotha Program, explaining the possibility that absolute equalitarianism leads to inequality and irrationality. Today, it seems that the analysis at that time was only preliminary, because the complexity of society at that time was far from comparable today.

Why does the average cause inequality? Examples in real life are enough to illustrate.

Suppose a scientific research project is completed and the superior gives a bonus of one million yuan. How to distribute it? Is it "equal" to distribute equally among all the people involved in the project, that is, cooks, car drivers, chief engineers and project leaders? Some people really think so. This violates the principle of labor theory of value, and the value generated by the labor of auxiliary personnel is incomparable with the value generated by the labor of the main creative personnel. "One general is incompetent and a thousand troops are exhausted" is especially true in research work. It is unfair to those who have made great contributions to the project to distribute the remuneration evenly without considering the contribution, that is, the inequality in the sense of "pay according to work". If such a distribution system is implemented, it will dampen the enthusiasm of shouldering heavy burdens.

For example, take part in the sports meeting, no matter how your grades are, and how many seconds you run in the 100 meter, you will win in which place; How high is the high jump and whether it is a champion; Win or lose, each person will give 1000 yuan. If the sports meeting is done in this way, is there any significance of competition and encouragement? This is an insult and discrimination to hard-working workers. It is best not to hold such a sports meeting!

The necessity of opposing absolute equalitarianism in real life shows that there is a principle difference between equality and average.

It can be said in this way: to ask for absolute average is equivalent to asking the bench table to be as high as it is, which violates the laws of nature. If the earth's surface where we live is an absolutely average plane, rather than complex terrain such as mountains, valleys and plains, then the sea water will cover the ground evenly, all terrestrial animals will be drowned and human beings will not survive. When we think like this, we can understand that "inequality is reasonable". Therefore, equality is first of all a question of mentality, a question of how to look at the problem, not a question of how much one earns.

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Today, there are three practical and effective value theories. In addition to the labor theory of value, there is also the capital theory of value: how much is input and how much is output, and there is no way to output without input. This concept used to be called bourgeois values. Paintings with exploiting class consciousness cannot deny its existence, because the essence of capital is not money printed in the bank, but "the crystallization of past labor". Therefore, although we have opposed it and are unwilling to admit it, capital has objective use value. The third is the value theory of resources and environment. You have money, labor force and no processing object, that is, you can't produce without the protection of resources, energy and environment. Of course, under the condition of modern market economy, there is also the problem of market demand. But market demand is the possibility of value realization, not the value production itself.

After careful analysis, it is found that these three axiology have their one-sided truth, that is, labor, capital, resources and environment exercise veto power over production at the same time. Modern enterprise production is indispensable, in fact, it is a ternary complementary system. Therefore, value distribution must consider three needs.

The traditional concept only recognizes that the labor force has use value, and its use is to create value; However, it ignores the use value of capital, denies that capital operation is "high IQ mental work" and expels capitalists from the ranks of "laborers". But capitalists, like "scientists" and "writers", are professional honorifics and are not simply equal to exploiters. If I give you 10 million, it will become 1 million in ten years, and you will be poor in another ten years, then you are not a capitalist. If you give him 10 million, it will become 100 million in ten years, and it will become 100 million in ten years-provided that it is legally operated, then he is a capitalist. Capitalists who use funds as tools to create wealth for society deserve respect.

However, it is a big mistake to think that the hundreds of millions of funds in the capitalist's hands are his labor income because he admits that capital operation is high IQ labor. In essence, the hundreds of millions of funds in his hand are still the surplus value provided by employees and consumers of this enterprise. Ignoring the value contribution of commodity consumers to production enterprises is the negligence of traditional economic theory. )

The traditional concept of concentrating surplus value in the hands of capitalists is called "exploitation", which is not wrong in principle. The problem is that capitalists do not exploit employees and consumers. Where does his capital accumulation come from? Did it fall from the sky? Of course not. If there is no exploitation, that is, there is no surplus value concentrated in the hands of capitalists, how can he operate capital? Capital is his main tool for serving enterprises. If the capitalist has no surplus value, will he make the enterprise capital proliferate like magic? Of course not. Therefore, it is inevitable that funds will be concentrated in the hands of capitalists, otherwise enterprises will go bankrupt.

If we regard capital as a labor tool in the hands of capitalists, just like lathes and milling machines in the hands of workers, our mentality may be balanced. The value of a capitalist (the amount of money he owns) consists of two parts: one is a living fund, which is equivalent to the wages of workers and technical cadres. This part of the population is small, their daily living expenses are only higher than those of ordinary wealthy families, and some capitalists are quite frugal. The second is the production fund, which is not at his disposal. He must make a prediction for the survival of the enterprise and use it scientifically. In this sense, it can be said that the money is essentially "not" his. Some people say that I just want to be extravagant. Can I spend it myself? Theoretically, there is nothing wrong, but if you consume these funds, you are not a capitalist. Therefore, the difference between capitalists and bosses of state-owned enterprises lies in: the bosses of state-owned enterprises embezzle public funds, and the procuratorate can prosecute them; It is not illegal for private enterprise owners to use production funds for private consumption, and the procuratorate cannot prosecute. So the difference between the two is legal, not economic. From the economic point of view, the corruption of private enterprise bosses at their own expense and the corruption of state-owned enterprise leaders are both violations of the normal economic order and crimes in the moral sense. This must be told to capitalist comrades that it is still unfair for private individuals or their families to excessively transfer production funds to daily consumption. Although it cannot be punished by law, it will be condemned by conscience and investigated by morality. The reason is simple: like the production funds of state-owned enterprises, it is the hard-earned money of working people, not your personal labor income. This is the full complexity of the real problem. Some state-owned enterprise bosses are not aware of this. He compares his family income, even personal income, with the "total income" of private enterprise bosses, and always feels that he is suffering: the same is capital operation and hard work. Why is his annual income so high that all I get is salary? If you are not careful, you will break the rules. He couldn't figure it out, which led to the theory that corruption and bribery are worthy of sympathy. What do we do? For the bosses of state-owned enterprises, we should not only rely on institutional constraints, but also innovate economic theories. In addition to sensibility, we must be emotional and rational, so as to be convinced of the anti-corruption system. For private enterprise owners, there is no better way, mainly by transforming the outlook on life and moral cultivation of capitalist comrades. Just like a screenwriter or director. His TV plays hurt the audience, spread "negative energy" and endanger society. Instead, you can break advertisements and make a lot of money. What should we do, arrest him? Unrealistic. Do you want to have another Cultural Revolution and severely criticize him? Ridiculous! The only way is to strengthen the research of propaganda theory, educate these "money first" directors with correct political thoughts, transform their souls, and make their works have good political inclination. If they refuse to accept the reform, they have to be asked to leave; Change to a director who is politically and ideologically healthy.

Therefore, it seems reasonable that some countries are revising their inheritance laws to prevent the children of capitalists from inheriting so much property. But no one can predict what the heirs of capitalism will do in the future. If a "rich second generation" is more talented than his father because of long-term exposure, wouldn't it be a pity that you don't let him inherit it? Some business owners, seeing that their children are not qualified to take over, simply hand over their businesses to people who are more capable and responsible in some way. How to do it properly needs to be explored, and there is no mature experience in the world. We expect "capitalists with socialist consciousness" to grow up from generation to generation in China. Don't think that "private enterprises are called cooperatives" is a joke. This is a reality. A "good boss in China" died trying to save the young employees in his own enterprise, and his deeds were very touching. At present, it is not enough for bosses to run enterprises to serve the people and build socialism, but they are growing and emerging. Rich people are not equal to bad people, and people's ideology and morality cannot be measured by the amount of property. In the era of so-called "utopian socialism", there was a private enterprise owner, Comrade Owen, who devoted all his energy and property to the cause of socialism. In today's pursuit of social progress, there will be more comrades Owen in the new era.

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The value of resources and environment is reflected by corporate taxes and other government fees, and what can be allocated is the value after deducting social needs. The value of ensuring simple reproduction and expanding reproduction cannot actually be used for distribution. The remaining value distribution is still not egalitarianism, that is, it should be recognized that distribution according to work and distribution according to capital are reasonable. As long as the input of labor is regarded as "investment" and the input of capital as "labor"-past labor, we can psychologically accept the concept of equality between investors and contributors. For example, a lot of money invested in the stock market is accumulated by workers. He briefly became a "capitalist" when he was trading stocks.

Economic behavior is human social behavior, which will have an impact on society. The concept of equality is mainly a social concept. Some people advocate pursuing equality at home, which is wrong. The elderly and children at home must be given special care because they are in a weak position in their living ability. As long as family members respect each other and are harmonious and happy, it means equality, and there is no need to pursue it deliberately. Doing too much will hurt family harmony. Some people say that families are maintained by feelings, not by system management, which makes sense. Except Jia fu in a dream of red mansions. In short, different situations will lead to different ways to deal with problems, and one way cannot be applied uniformly. What needs to be discussed is social equality.

Equality is not a question of income, so what is equality? Is it just a matter of mentality? Of course not! Leaving reality and only talking about mentality is to carry forward the "Ah Q spirit"!

Social equality is mainly the responsibility of the political party and the government, but its root lies in culture. China has long lacked a democratic culture, and equality is the premise of democracy, that is to say, it lacks an equal culture in essence. Not only the party and the government are responsible for how to understand and transform traditional culture, but also theoretical workers and cultural workers are duty-bound.

The biggest obstacle to the concept of political democracy and equality in China's traditional culture is imperial power thought and official-oriented culture. "Imperial edict is truth". What's wrong with national affairs? It is often the treacherous court official who blinds the emperor, not the emperor's own fault. When Yue Fei was killed, people vented their anger and hatred on Qin Gui. But can Qin Gui kill Marshal without the emperor's consent? As the saying goes, "Big officials are as big as big officials", "Big officials crush people" and "If you can't punish a doctor, you can't be polite to Shu Ren" are all anti-equality cultural concepts. It is against science to decide right and wrong by rank, which is divorced from reality. Northeasters concluded: "The leader said that eggs are made of trees", so you quickly went on to say: "Yes, yes, there are more, I have seen them all." In this way, when the leader is happy, he will promote you. In Gu Junshan's file, everything is false except the male sex. It is a great irony for the official system of our country that such a person can climb to such a high position. In the competition of cadres and personnel, a large number of inferior people win the best, which reflects the extreme inequality and unfairness of competition. Earlier, the masses concluded that "age is a treasure, birth is very important, and you have to rely on leadership to be a cadre"; Later, after the reform and opening up, only the second sentence of these four sentences was changed to "diploma is very important", and the other three sentences were not changed. This is the real "one continuous strain". China's concept of official standard is deeply rooted and difficult to eradicate because of the historical accumulation of feudal society for more than two thousand years, which is saturated with traditional concepts and even solidified by some specific regulations of our party and government. For example, "promoting" a technical cadre to be an administrative leader not only wastes his academic talents, but also fails to do administrative work well, because those who study technology are not necessarily "materials" for being an administrative leader. The only reason for this is that if you don't be an official, you won't enjoy the corresponding material treatment and political courtesy. This is a great irony of "respecting science and knowledge". Numbering leading cadres is a special need in wartime; This should not be done in normal times, because all deputy directors in the leading group are equal; However, the subordinate documents of the organization have to say that so-and-so deputy X ranks behind so-and-so, as if Liangshan hero ranks first. This is a bad habit strengthened by the "Revolutionary Committee" in the activities of seizing power in the late Cultural Revolution. It was not like this in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic. The first secretary of the provincial party Committee is only the convener of the meeting, and other secretaries have real power in their respective fields and are equal to each other. Leading cadres can accept the criticism of the guards at the party organization life meeting and correct their work style; Leaders should not only enjoy themselves with the people, but also accept the baptism of criticism and self-criticism with the people. The Cultural Revolution destroyed inner-party democracy and strengthened the inequality among cadres, but the bad influence has not been completely eliminated. How can we talk about social equality if there is inequality within the leadership? Therefore, equality is first and foremost a political issue and also a social management system issue. The reform of the management system of the party and the government has a long way to go, and the focus should be on eliminating the feudal residual poison. The veto power of environment and resources over modern production is reflected in taxes and fees, which requires the party and government to do a good job in political reform, ensure social equality and promote social progress.

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Political equality is the most important, but equality is not just a political issue. Because economy is the basis of politics, political inequality is the reflection of economic inequality.

Economic inequality is first caused by the inequality of production conditions. Production conditions are objective material existence and cannot be changed in a short time, so we should not only understand "inequality", but also endure "inequality".

Reform and opening up began with the establishment of four coastal special zones. With preferential policies in the SAR, they will definitely get rich first. We can't blame the CPC Central Committee for saying, "Why give them a special zone, but not us?" This is determined by objective conditions, not by one person who practices favoritism and malpractice, and you can't get angry and scold more. Speaking of feelings, Yan 'an, Ruijin, Xibaipo and Zunyi all want to set up special zones, but the Central Committee has not done so, which shows that the CPC Central Committee has a clear head and made correct decisions. In foreign trade, we must make full use of coastal ports. Up to now, shipping is still the cheapest mode of bulk cargo transportation, and it is an objective law that commodity circulation must reduce transportation costs to make money. Whoever wants to violate the objective laws will surely hit a wall in the business war. Therefore, we envy and support the SAR, and we cannot oppose it.

Another source of economic inequality is the difference between urban and rural areas. This is the result of historical and natural conditions. For example, Shanghai, on the bank of the Tongjiang River, has a unique advantage, so foreign invaders first occupied and developed Shanghai; Secondly, Guangzhou is less developed than Shanghai, because Shanghai is closer to the richest places in China, such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui and Henan. In coastal cities, in Beijing and Guangzhou, foreign capital came in as soon as it was opened; With the development of industry and commerce, labor is needed. Mainland farmers go to work in the coastal areas, earning less to support their families. Those who make more money become bosses, start their own businesses and their class status changes. This kind of change often happens, and it is realistic to be "rich for three generations". The economic status of bosses and employees is not equal.

Third, the conditions of each family and individual are different. Education, talent and personality will all have an impact. A brother, brother is the boss, brother is a worker, sister is married to a government official ... anything is possible. This inequality in economic status cannot be eliminated at all.

There are still some inequalities in the marginal areas, and it is difficult to clarify the reasons. For example, some people will make full use of their social relations, relatives and friends, fellow villagers and classmates to run them, cooperate with suitable projects, and even make a fortune. He didn't break the law, you can't do anything about him, but that's how the gap between the rich and the poor is formed. Therefore, the place to endure is still to endure.

The most inevitable thing is: under the condition of market economy, the "Matthew effect", that is, the poorer the poor, the richer the rich is an objective law. This is also caused by production conditions. In the rich areas, people have strong purchasing power, convenient transportation and complete infrastructure, which naturally become the investment destination of investors. Who wants to invest in poor places with poor ecological environment, inconvenient transportation and lack of infrastructure? As a result, inequality is still increasing. The responsibility of the government is to change the production conditions in economically underdeveloped areas, attract more investment, help the poor and achieve balanced development.

Some inequalities are intolerable. This refers to the inequality caused by various illegal acts. In this case, we must rise up and resist. We must support the work of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, courts and procuratorates. But what is needed here is actual evidence, not slogans. It is the responsibility of every citizen to report corruption and bribery. Don't scold your mother, at the same time, submit to humiliation for the bad guys, or even give in to the bad guys and become a prisoner. Therefore, to advocate class cooperation is not to oppose the struggle, but to say that the goal of the struggle should be correct, not to eliminate each other, but to eliminate obstacles to cooperation.

It is necessary to calmly distinguish the above-mentioned causes of inequality, and never confuse legal and illegal. Some things are legal and unreasonable, and some things are reasonable and illegal, so we should be cautious. If there is a contradiction between law and reason, it is necessary to propose to the National People's Congress to amend the law and promote the progress and development of the political system.

In the long run, the key to changing inequality is to change production conditions. The Belt and Road Initiative, high-speed railway and infrastructure construction are all aimed at changing the production conditions in backward areas. Because all inequalities are ultimately determined by conditions. Even if it is illegal, it may be stopped after the political conditions change. Put all government activities under the supervision of the masses, and officials will commit fewer crimes. I met a guy from Shaanxi. He said that rural people envy the city now, and it won't be long before urban people will envy the countryside. Due to the serious automobile exhaust pollution in the city, the bus traffic jam is serious; The air in the countryside is fresh, and vegetables and meat are "organic". In the future, the transportation is convenient, the small market towns are prosperous, and commercial and cultural activities are more convenient than in the city. Who wants to squeeze into the city?

Average is not equal to equality, but equality does not exclude average. In some special cases, average is equality. For example, free public toilets are the same regardless of gender, age or wealth. A bus without a ticket is the same to any passenger. We can't use opposing egalitarianism as an excuse to give a green light to specialization and privileged enjoyment, and sing praises for being divorced from the masses. The minimum average is a sign of equality. The average treatment of officers and men in the Red Army era embodies the material equality of officers and men, and soldiers can criticize officers and men for reflecting the political equality of officers and men. However, the orders of superiors, subordinates and soldiers must be obeyed. On this issue, "the bench is as high as a table" is absolutely not allowed.

Theoretically, it should be confirmed that equality, like average, is a relative concept, and absolute equality can never be realized. The most important thing is equality of personality. The poor should live with dignity, and the rich should live with character-don't be slaves to money. Equality in Shaanxi is not to cut down the Himalayas and stuff them into the Pacific trench, but to respect the magnificence of the ocean and the majestic mountains. There is no difference between a job and a position. Everyone should gallop in their respective fields and achieve the achievements and happiness they want.