How is "Mandarin" collected?

Sixty years ago, Jingoutun Town, Luanping County, Chengde City, Hebei Province, Beikeying Jingoutun Village and Huodoushan collected the standard pronunciation of China Putonghua. [1] Among them, Jingoutun Village is the most widely used language. Out of Jingoutun section of Beijing-Chengde Expressway, a big sign of "Putonghua Phonetic Specimen Collection Office" suddenly came into view [2].

During the period of 1953, the national phonetic staff came to Jingoutun Village, Jingoutun Town, Luanping County, Hebei Province twice to collect the standard pronunciation of Putonghua. According to the phonetics collected from Luanping, Mandarin is the final standard. 1953 Putonghua collection objects-Bai, the former fourth primary school teacher in Jingoutun village, and Shi Junyong, the former middle school teacher in Jingoutun village.

In the final result, the sound collected by Jingoutun at that time was the closest to Mandarin. A standard and fluent Mandarin, like beautiful calligraphy, is a person's second face. If this face looks a little postmodern, you can also complain about your parents' carelessness and shoddy work. But if the handwriting is like Dali's painting and Mandarin is like Jay Chou's song, it's nobody's fault. We must first make it clear that dialect is not equal to accent! Dialect is one of the rich and colorful cultural landscapes in China, and it is the embodiment of the vast territory and long history of the Chinese nation. Dialects, especially southern dialects, play an irreplaceable role in historical research. Accent means that when speaking a common language, the pronunciation is inaccurate, with too many local language features, and even to the extent of hindering communication. Dialect deserves respect, and accent is really helpless! There are countless jokes caused by accent. Let me tell you a real story. Freshman has just been here for two days, reading newspapers in newspaper columns. A girl next to her said to another MM: I conquered your father! I shivered at that time. What is this? Then people said: He can really carry such two big bags by himself. Only then did I know that she was trying to say: I really convinced your father! You see, you have an accent, and you don't even protect your honor. You're scared. How did dialects come into being? Language is produced in the process of human engaging in productive labor, and the basic task of language is to meet people's communication needs. Under the condition of small-scale peasant economy with low productivity, people's social communication scope is very limited. As the saying goes, "Chickens and dogs hear each other's voices, but they don't talk to each other when they die", so the language people use can only guarantee communication in this small circle. There is no need to master and use the national homophony that is popular in the whole society. The language concept associated with the small-scale peasant economy is bound to be closed and conservative, "I would rather give up my ancestral fields than my ancestral words." It's normal for locals to speak their hometown dialect, but it's not normal for locals to suddenly speak foreign dialect (including ethnic homophones unfamiliar to locals). It is especially disrespectful to speak foreign languages to elders. Those who have been wandering abroad for many years without changing their local accent will never forget the performance of their ancestors, while those who have just changed their local accent after leaving home have forgotten their roots. "One year in China, two years in a foreign country, three years in Mandarin, and still disown parents" is a mockery of students who have studied abroad and changed to Mandarin. Under the domination of this linguistic concept of small-scale peasant economy, ethnic groups are excluded, unless people with special status, such as officials and mothers, are excluded. What is the prayer? Great changes have taken place in the times. Socialized large-scale production far exceeds the local small-scale peasant economy. Workers come from all over the country, and the production process needs the cooperation of the whole society. Dialects that can only be used in one township and one county are put aside, and the national languages that are naturally used throughout the country are the same. That's how it came into being. Today, society has developed. I don't need to dwell on the importance of speaking a fluent lingua franca. A poor mandarin is enough to make people sit up and take notice of you and make you lose many opportunities that you should have grasped. If nothing else, at least you have to spend more money on shopping at the stall. The conductor should treat you as a tramp and give you an extra ticket, right? To fully establish an accent is a closed, narrow and conservative concept. Mandarin means openness, literacy and knowledge. I'm not talking about discrimination here. My opinion is aimed at our student group. Due to their limited education and isolation from the modern lifestyle, it is understandable that they can't speak Mandarin well and should not be laughed at. As a cultural heritage,