"The only good prime minister in Guanzhong is Wang Meng, and all the people in the world look forward to Xie An"

Category: Culture/Art>> Historical Topics

Problem description:

Wang Meng and Xie An were figures in the Sixteen Kingdoms period of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

Or a figure from the Southern and Northern Dynasties?

Analysis:

Figures during the Sixteen Kingdoms period of the Eastern Jin Dynasty

Xie An (320-385), courtesy name Anshi, was born in Yangxia, Chenjun (now Taikang, Henan) . Great-grandfather Xie Zuan, Cao

He served as the general of the House of Diannong in Chang'an during the Wei Dynasty (according to Luo Zhenyu's "Four Parts of Mangluo Tomb Relics·Supplement") "Xie

Fu Jun Shinto"); his grandfather Xie Heng was a famous Confucianist in the Western Jin Dynasty. He was "well-informed" and "shown his Confucianism". He served as a doctor offering wine, a prince's young master, and a casual knight. kind of civil servant. His father, Xie Pa (a commendation), took his family to the south during the Yongjia Rebellion, and held important positions in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, such as Shizhong and Shangshu of the Ministry of Personnel. Xie An was born in such a famous family. He was influenced by his family since he was a child and had

good cultivation in virtue, knowledge, and demeanor. When he was four years old, Huan Yi, a famous scholar in Qiaojun, saw him and admired him greatly, saying: "This son is very handsome and handsome, and he will be as good as Wang Donghai (that is, Wang Cheng, a famous scholar in the early Eastern Jin Dynasty)." The Prime Minister Wang Dao at that time was also very considerate of Xie An. As a teenager, Xie An already enjoyed a high reputation in the upper class society. At that time, famous people in society such as Liu Zhenchang, Wang Xizhi, Wang Meng, Zhi Dun, etc. all spoke highly of Xie An. Therefore, society

regards Xie An as a figure who brings peace to the people and saves the world. However, Xie An had no intention of becoming an official in his early years. Although the imperial government repeatedly summoned him to serve as an official, he was dismissed on the pretext of poor health. He lived in Dongshan in Kuaiji (today's Shangyu County, Zhejiang Province). He often traveled with Wang Xizhi, Zhi Dun, Xu Xun and others, reciting poems and essays, and passed the times

< p> Live a leisurely life like a Yishi. Xiankangzhong, forced by Yangzhou Governor Yu Bing, had no choice but to serve as Yu Bing's staff, but he resigned and returned home after only about a month. Later, Fan Wang, the Minister of Civil Affairs, nominated Xie An for the post of Minister of Civil Affairs, but Xie An wrote a letter to refuse. The imperial censor Zhongcheng Zhou Min reported that Xie An was summoned. He has not been in office for many years and should be imprisoned for life. It was only after the emperor issued an edict that he was pardoned. Xie An's cousin Xie Shang was appointed as the governor of Yuzhou, and commanded the military affairs of Yu, Ji, You, and Bing

the four states, and held considerable military and political power. Xie Shang died in the first year of Shengping (357), and Xie An's brother Xie Yi took over Xie Shang's official position. The following year, Xie Yi also died, and his post was taken over by Xie An's younger brother, Xie Wan. The Xie family had many high-ranking officials, and their family was rich and powerful. Only Xie An retired. Xie An's wife is the sister of the famous scholar Liu Xun.

She is also a lady from a famous family. When asked why Xie An didn't become an official, Xie An said contemptuously: "I'm afraid it's inevitable that

I will become an official. "When Xie An lived in seclusion, he often took his wife with him whenever he went out for fun. Sima Yu (later ascended the throne as Emperor Jian

Wen Emperor) was the prime minister at the time. After hearing this, he said: "Since Xie An is willing to share the same feelings with others, If you are happy, you will not share your worries.

Call him out. "As expected, Xie An is still very concerned about national affairs and has wise views on the political situation.

When he lived in seclusion, he often assisted his brothers in politics. When Xie Wan was appointed as the prefect of Wuxing County, Xie An followed Wan to his post.

Xie Wan sometimes fell asleep, so Xie An went to the bed and knocked on the screen to call him to get up and serve as director (Volume 7 of "Taiping Yulan"

○ One quote from "Sushuo") . In the third year of Shengping, Xie Wan was ordered to attack Qian Yan, and Xie An also went north with the army. Xie Wan

was arrogant, so Xie An advised him: "As a marshal, you should always care about your generals and make them work together. There is no one as arrogant as you." And what about the ones who can accomplish things?" Xie Wan refused to listen. Instead, every time he called the generals "a strong soldier", his subordinates were very dissatisfied with him. Xie An was very anxious and personally visited Xie Wan's generals.

He was rude to them and thanked them for their trust. They were all popular from the commander on down, without exception. Later, Xie Wan was defeated in the battle.

His subordinates wanted to take advantage of the opportunity to cause trouble, but gave up because they thought about Xie An.

>What happened!" Xie Wan was defeated and dismissed, and no one of the Xie brothers held senior positions. In order to avoid the decline of the family, Xie An decided to become an official. In August of the fourth year of Shengping, Xie An served as Sima of General Huan Wen in the Western Campaign. He was already forty years old at that time. Huan Wen was very happy to have Xie An as his staff. He said to his entourage: "Have you ever seen such a talented person among my staff?" Xie An's official position was not high at first, but he was quite prestigious. Zeng

Zeng recommended dozens of disciples to Tian Cao Zhonglang to recruit Zhao Yuezi. Zhao Yuezi reported it to Huan Wen, who hired him

Half, but Zhao Yuezi thought: "Xie An was in Dongshan back then." At that time, officials and celebrities repeatedly pressed him, fearing that he would not care about the political situation and personnel. Today, there is no reason why he would not use it if he elected officials from the countryside. "So,

they were all hired.

In the fifth year of Shengping, Xie Wan died of illness and Xie An returned to the county for burial. Soon, he was transferred to the post of prefect of Wuxing. During his tenure,

he made no major achievements, but his administration was clean and peaceful. Later generations missed him and erected a "stele of Xie An, the governor of Wuxing" (see Lu Xin's source "Wuxing Jinshiji"). In the first year of Xian'an (371), he was promoted to Shizhong. In this year, Huan Wen deposed Hai Xigong and replaced Sima Yu as Emperor Jian Wen. Emperor Jian Wen was graceful, fond of Confucianism and metaphysics, and quite diligent in government affairs. But

there is no way to save the world. Xie An regarded him as someone like Emperor Hui who could only talk. In the second year, he was transferred to the post of Shangshu of the Ministry of Personnel and

Central Protector of the Army. In July, Emperor Jianwen died, and Prince Sima Yao succeeded him as Emperor Xiaowu. Huan Wen originally thought that Jian Wen would give him the Zen throne before his death, otherwise, he would be made regent to assist the prince in politics. Emperor Jian Wen originally had this plan, but gave up due to the opposition of Wang Tanzhi, Wang Biaozhi and others. Huan Wen suspected that it was Xie An and Wang Tanzhi who were causing the obstruction, and he held a grudge against them. In February of the first year of Ningkang (373), Huan Wen entered the court from Gushu.

He was stationed in Xinting with a large number of soldiers guarding him. It was said that he wanted to see Wang Tanzhi and Xie An. At that time, it was said that Huan Wen wanted to kill Wang and Xie,

and replaced them with Sima. Wang Tanzhi was very scared and asked Xie An what to do. Xie An's expression remained unchanged and he said: "The survival of the Jin Dynasty depends on what we do this time." Then he and Wang Tanzhi went to Xinting to see Huan Wen. All the officials of the imperial court lined up on both sides of the road to pay homage to Huan Wen. Wang Tanzhi was so frightened that he broke into a cold sweat and even turned the tablets he used for the meeting upside down.

Xie An was calm and collected. Wang Tanzhi's original reputation was as good as that of Xie An, but now, people all praise Xie An.

Xie An is better than Wang Tanzhi.

In the early years of Ningkang, Huan Wen was in great power and was powerful both internally and externally. Emperor Xiaowu was weak and incompetent, and did not manage his own affairs. It was all down to him

Xie An, Wang Tanzhi and other ministers were loyal ministers and assistants. To maintain the balance of the political situation, Huan Wen could never replace Sima.

Huan Wen repeatedly urged the court to grant him the special gift of Jiuxi. Yuan Hong of the reporter drafted the ceremony, which was very beautiful

At that time, Huan Wen was seriously ill, so Xie An deliberately slowed down the process. Whenever a draft was submitted, he had to revise it. After revising it several times in a row, the draft still could not be finalized. Yuan Hong didn't know what he meant, so he asked his servant to shoot Wang Biaozhi. Biao Zhi

said: "Huan Wen's illness is getting worse day by day, and he will not last long. The manuscript can be delayed for some time." Sure enough, in July of this year , Huan Wen died of illness, and the matter of adding Jiuxi was dropped.

After Huan Wen's death, the Huan family was still very powerful. His younger brothers Huan Chong and Huan Huo, and his nephew Huan Shixiu controlled

Yang, Jing, Jiang and other important military towns. In order to prevent the power of the government from falling into the hands of the Huan family, Xie An asked Mrs. Chu of Chongde to come out to listen to the government later. Empress Dowager Chu is the daughter of Xie An's cousin, and her coming to court will be very beneficial to Xie An. Soon,

Xie An was promoted to minister Pushe, led the staff department, and became a general. He and Shangshu ordered Wang Biaozhi to take charge of the government. In the second year of Ningkang

, Zhongshu ordered Wang Tanzhi to serve as the governor of Xu and Yanzhou. Xie An also took charge of Zhongshu Province and became the actual decision-maker

.

At that time, the former Qin, former Yan and other ethnic minority regimes in the north were powerful and constantly intruding on the borders of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Sima Daozi, the clan of the country, was in power, and large clans such as the Wang and Huan clans relied on force to compete. In view of this national situation, Xie An adopted a policy of peace

externally and minimized armed conflicts; he implemented moral governance internally, used civil and military orders to enrich the country and strengthen the army,

while maintaining the harmony between the major ethnic groups. The balance of power between the great clan and the royal family. Such as the four major towns of Yang, Jing, Xu and Yan

The first two towns were in the hands of the Huan family, while the latter two towns were controlled by the Wang family of Taiyuan. In the third year of Ningkang, when Wang Tan

died, Xie An granted Huan Chong the title of Xuzhou and took charge of Yangzhou as governor. He first captured the military town

that posed the greatest threat to the capital. At that time, Wang Yun of Taiyuan was favored by the emperor because he was the father of the empress. Xie An soon dismissed Huan Chong

and conferred it on Wang Yun of Xuzhou. This not only alienated the relationship between Wang Yun and the emperor, but also weakened the Huan family's influence. The military power also allowed the Taiyuan Wang family to regain control of the military town, achieving a basic balance of power among the major clans. At the same time, he was careful not to harm the vested interests of the great clans too much, so he petitioned the descendants of the founding heroes of the early Jin Dynasty to continue their rise and fall. During the Yongjia period, a large number of people from the north migrated to the south, and the large families merged the refugees into tribes without establishing household registration. When Huan Wen was in power, there was a civil war, and Sanwu

was the first to bear the brunt, and most of the families who were captured fled to the capital. Some people advocated a thorough search, but Xie An did not allow it. He believed that the people should be cared for with

moral governance, not harsh and detail-oriented, and it was not appropriate to disturb the people's hearts due to the oppression of the country by strong bandits, so he replied: "Beijing

If the master cannot accommodate these people, why is it called the capital? "(In ancient times, Jing means Da, and Master means Zhong). Historically, Xie An was called "Hong

in outline" and "no small Cha". Same as Wang Dao’s policy measures. Director Wang ceased to be a director in his later years,

and carried out a policy of inaction. After his death, Yu Bing succeeded him, and the policies were strict and the punishments were severe. Yin Xian believed that although Yu Bing's policies maintained the program,

The small way is not as good as Wang Dao's government. Xie An greatly appreciated and agreed with this evaluation. Because Xie An was lenient in politics

he kept things simple. People praised him for being as political as Director Wang and as elegant as Director Wang.

The Great Victory of Feishui

In the first year of Taiyuan (376), Xie An ascended the throne and became the Supervisor of the Zhongshu and the Minister of Records. In the second year, Situ and Xie An were added.

He was humble and refused to bow. He was also added as Shizhong and the governor of the five states of Yang, Xu, Yan, Yu and Qing. At that time, the former Qin Dynasty repeatedly harassed the Jin territory, and the imperial court ordered to recruit good civil and military generals who could guard the northern defense line. Xie An recommended his nephew Xie Xuan. Some people ridiculed Xie An for employing nepotism. Although Zhongshu Lang Xichao had a quarrel with Xie An, he sighed after hearing this:

"Xie An is really wise to recommend his relatives without fear of others' ridicule. Xie Xuan is a talented person, < /p>

We will live up to Xie An's expectations." Sure enough, after Xie Xuan became the governor of Yanzhou, he formed the "Beifu Soldiers" in Jingkou.

They were extremely elite and became the most powerful force in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In the fourth year of Taiyuan, he left the town of Guangling and ordered his son Xie Yan to enter

to attack Pengcheng and return victoriously. In the fifth year of Taiyuan, he was promoted to General Wei, and the three divisions of the Kaifu were established.

In the eighth year of Taiyuan, Fu Jian of the former Qin Dynasty personally led an army of 600,000 to invade the south, advancing both by land and water, approaching Feishui River. The capital was shocked.

Xie An appointed his brother Xie Shi as the commander-in-chief of the expedition, and his nephew Xie Xuan as the forward commander.

His son Xie Yan, general of the state, and general Huan Yi of Xizhonglang led 80,000 elite troops to resist the enemy. There is a huge disparity in strength between the enemy and ourselves, and people's hearts

are in panic. Before the war, Xie Xuan came to ask about strategy and tactics. Xie An said, "The imperial court has other arrangements."

Xie Xuan did not dare to ask further. Xie An had an uneventful day, driving on trips, gathering with relatives and friends, and playing chess and villa gambling with Xie Xuan. Xie An's chess skills were not as good as Xie Xuan's on weekdays, but this day Xie Xuan was so flustered that he lost to Xie An. After playing chess, we visited the mountains and rivers near the villa and didn't come back until night. Huan Chong on the Western Front was very worried and sent 3,000 elite soldiers from Jingzhou to help defend the capital. Xie An did not accept it, saying: "The imperial court has already planned to retreat from the enemy, so there is no need to replenish troops. The western defense line is also very important, and it is not appropriate to randomly deploy troops.

Huan Chong sighed to his subordinates and said: "Today the enemy is facing us. The prime minister only cares about traveling around the mountains and rivers, and sends young generals who don't understand

things to the front line. The enemy is in danger." We are outnumbered, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty will undoubtedly perish. "Unexpectedly, Xie An had already made up his mind

and in order to stabilize the people's hearts, he deliberately pretended to be nonchalant and used gambling as a excuse, but he was secretly strategizing.

On the eve of the decisive battle in October, The generals were summoned and given instructions. In the battle of Feishui, the Jin army defeated the Qin army. The news came.

Xie An was playing chess with his guests. After reading the letter, he put it aside and continued to play chess. What's the matter, Xie Ancai

replied slowly: "My nephews have defeated the Qin army. "I went home after playing chess. I was so happy that I didn't even know I broke my teeth when I crossed the threshold. This kind of winning or losing is indistinguishable from the demeanor and joy and anger between talking and laughing.

His accomplishments were widely praised in society

In his later years

Huan Chong learned that Xie's generals had defeated the Qin army and was jealous of Xie's. After victory, he also regretted his mistake. In addition, he guarded the Western Front and was defeated by Hou Yan's army for many years. He was ashamed and angry. In February of the ninth year of Taiyuan, he fell ill and died.

The governor of Jiangzhou was absent, and Xie Xuan had made great achievements. Everyone in the court thought that these two important military positions should be awarded to Xie Xuan. However, when Xie An came, he felt that his family's reputation was too great. After the war, Xie Xuan was dismissed. Shi Jin ascended the throne as the Minister of Secretariat, and Xie An ascended the throne as Taibao in the ninth year of the Yuan Dynasty. If Xie Xuan was again appointed as an important town on the Western Front, and his family took over all the military and political power in the country, he would easily become the target of public criticism; 2. They were worried that the Huan clan, who still had a certain amount of power, would be resentful and start an uprising if they lost their important official positions. Therefore, they awarded Jingzhou to Huan Chong's nephew Huan Shimin and appointed Shimin's younger brother Huan Shiqian. Xie An was the governor of Yuzhou, and Huan Chong's grandson Huan Yi was the governor of Jiangzhou. Don't let it expand too much, even for your own family.

Therefore, during Xie An's reign, the political situation was relatively stable, the national power developed rapidly, and the confrontation between the north and the south also

< p> It was formed during this period

Although Xie An handled things carefully, some people would inevitably be jealous due to his high reputation.

Wang Guobao. He was the son of Wang Tanzhi of Taiyuan, who was uneducated and incompetent. Xie An hated him very much and only appointed him as a scholar. Wang Guobao thought that he was from a famous family and should be appointed to an important official position in the Qing Dynasty, but he was unwilling to take it. Shang Shulang resigned, and had a grudge against Xie An. Wang Guobao's cousin was the princess of Sima Daozi, and Daozi and Emperor Xiaowu were speculative drunkards.

Therefore, Wang Guobao flattered Sima Daozi and asked him to alienate Xie An in front of the emperor. Emperor Xiaowu gradually distrusted Xie An and favored Sima Daozi. After the Feishui War, Xie An became famous. Emperor Xiaowu was worried and alienated him. In March of the ninth year, he promoted Xie An to the post of Taibao, which further made him aware of current affairs. , Let Jing and Jiangzhou stay with the Huan family to maintain the balance of power among the big clans

On the one hand, they avoided Sima Daozi and did not compete with him. On the other hand, they tried every means to regain military and political power and maintain themselves

The power of the family. In September, he wrote a letter requesting to lead the troops in the Northern Expedition, so Xie An was granted the title of Governor of Yang, Xu, Jiang,

Jing, Si, Yu, Yan, Qing, Ji, You, He combined the military forces of the fifteen states of Liang, Yi, Yong, and Liang and added Huang Yue.

Ten years later, a rebellion broke out in the former Qin Dynasty, and Fu Jian asked for help from the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Xie Anzheng wanted to avoid Sima Daozi, so he asked

to personally lead his troops to rescue him. In April, he left the town of Buqiu in Guangling (today's Shaobo Town of Yangzhou) and built a castle to live in, which was named "New City". Although Xie An achieved great success in his later years and became famous all over the world, he still misses him endlessly when he recalls the leisurely life he lived in seclusion in Dongshan in the past. After being rejected by Sima Daozi, he even wanted to retire. He built and cut boats in Xincheng and made preparations for sailing. Once the time was right, he wanted to go down to Sanwu along the Yangtze River, retire and return to his hometown, and then live a life among mountains and rivers. But in July of that year, Xie An fell ill and had to request to return to the capital.

Before leaving, I made arrangements for the Northern Expedition, and ordered Longxiang General Zhu Xu to station in Luoyang; forward commander Xie Xuan to station in Pengpei, serving as each other's horns to wait for the flood season in the coming year. The east and west routes crossed the Yangtze River and went north together. After the ministry was completed, he returned to Jiankang with his son Xie Yan

and submitted a letter requesting to resign. On August 22, Xie An died of illness in Jiankang at the age of sixty-six. The Imperial Court of the Eastern Jin Dynasty held a grand ceremony to commemorate Xie An. Emperor Xiaowu visited the mourning hall in person for three days and gave him the posthumous title of Taifu, Wen Jing (posthumous title: Rou De An Zhong Yue Jing). In October, he was granted the title of Duke of Luling County. Xie An has two sons.

The eldest son, Xie Yao, was granted the title of nobility. His official position reached the rank of King You of Langya, but he died early. The second son, Xie Yan, was a talented general. He followed Xie An in

politics and reached the rank of general of Wei, governor of Xuzhou, and Jiejie. He was later killed in Sun En's Rebellion.

Romance and education

Xie An was not only an outstanding politician in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, but also erudite and elegant, making him the crown prince of celebrities in the Eastern Jin Dynasty

Jiangzuo valued people, and scholars valued his romantic and scholarly education. Xie An demonstrated excellent qualities in these aspects.

As a cultural symbol of the overseas Chinese gentry, metaphysics occupies an important position in the entire social life.

Mastering and discussing the mystical skills has become an important value standard. Xie An was proficient in Xuan Dao. When I was in my twenties, I visited the famous scholar Wang Meng and had a long chat with him, which was greatly appreciated. Zeng, Xu Xun, Zhi Daolin and others gathered at Wang Meng's house. Xie An suggested that everyone sing and express their feelings together, so he interpreted "The Fisherman". Xie An looked at the topic and ordered everyone to explain it. Zhi Daolin explained it first. He spoke more than 700 words. His explanation was exquisite and brilliant, and everyone praised him.

Shan . After everyone expressed their opinions, Xie An talked about his own opinions and spoke more than ten thousand words. He was so talented and so proud that everyone present was impressed. Xu, Wang, and Zhi were all famous talkers in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and they all obeyed Xie An, which shows Xie An's profound knowledge of metaphysics and refinement of his speech.

Xie An is also familiar with Confucian classics. In the third year of Ningkang (375), Emperor Xiaowu was going to lecture on the Classic of Filial Piety. Xie An, his younger brother Xie Wan

and others were attending the reading in the palace. Zhongshu Lang Che Yin excerpted some sentences and asked Xie if he didn't understand anything. Brother An, again and again

and three times, felt deeply uneasy, so he said to Yuan Hong: "If you don't ask, your virtue will be lost. If you ask more, you will have to work hard and thank you twice." Yuan

Hong advised him not to worry, because "the mirror never tires of shining brightly." This means that Xie An is knowledgeable and familiar with classics, and he will not have any difficulty in answering people's questions.

In terms of literature, Xie An is also very cultivated. A person who is good at poetry and writing has a talent for learning and beauty. In his early years in Dongshan, "When I left, I fished and glided over the mountains and rivers; when I entered, I chanted and chanted poems." There are more than ten poems by Xie An included in "Poems of the Three Kingdoms, Two Jins, Southern and Northern Dynasties". He once wrote a brief essay on the emperor's posthumous title. He was profound in arts and science and was adopted by the imperial court. After Huan Wen read it, he handed it to the others present to see and said, "This is stone and gold." When he was living in leisure time, he often wrote essays and poems with his nephews, and they became a famous couple.

< p> It’s a good time for the literary world.

Xie An was good at music and was proficient in music theory. He once discussed Qin Shu with Dai Kui. After the death of his brother Xie Wan, he stopped listening to music for ten years. Even when you are on stage, you will not lose your joy because of mourning. Wang Tanzhi wrote many times to dissuade him, saying that living in mourning and abandoning pleasure was a Confucian etiquette, and he hoped that Xie An could maintain the rule of etiquette. But Xie An wrote back and said: "What I pursue is rhythm.

It can be called love, so there is nothing that cannot be done. I am just chatting and enjoying myself. If you want to respect the world's teachings and behave pure

It is not only not advisable, but also disdainful." He once said to Wang Xizhi: "Middle-aged people are sad and happy, and every time they are separated from their loved ones, there are always a few days. I'm in a bad mood." Wang Xizhi comforted him and said, "As you get older, it's natural that you should rely on music to cultivate your temperament." >

factors. People in the society regarded it as an elegant behavior and imitated it, and it became a fashion at that time.

In addition to music, Xie An is also "good at calligraphy and painting." He liked Gu Kaizhi's paintings very much and praised his paintings as "unprecedented since the dawn of time."

"It can be seen that he has a certain hobby and appreciation of painting. He once learned cursive calligraphy from Wang Xizhi

. Wang Xizhi praised him as a "calligrapher", indicating that he not only knew calligraphy, but also understood calligraphy theory.

At the same time, he also has his own appreciation ability. Xie An's running script and official script are both very good. etc., all regarded Xie An as a calligrapher of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

When Huan Wen was in power, Xi Chao was favored, and all officials in the court respected him.

Xie An once went to visit Xi. Chao, after waiting for a long time but still not being received, Wang Tanzhi was about to leave. Xie An said, "Can't you just endure for a moment for the sake of your family and your life?" "The same is true for the lower classes. Xie An once took a boat eastward, and the servants

led the boat, sometimes fast and sometimes slow, sometimes stopped, and sometimes let the boat drift, touching the shore, making the boat

>

The master collided, but Xie An never scolded his servants, and people praised him for not being moody. But once, Xie An came back from attending the funeral of his brother Xie Yi, and it was already dusk. It was raining, and the driver was very drunk. He couldn't control the bullock cart. Xie An sat in the cart and hit the driver with the pillar of the cart. His voice and look were so fierce that the driver was shocked and drunk.

Wake up. People say that Xie An's character is like a deep river, which usually flows quietly and slowly, but when it comes to pass, it flows straight down.

Xie An pays attention to his manners in dealing with others. . In the aristocratic society of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, social status was relatively strict, and scholars did not interact with each other, but Xie An was good at receiving scholars and common people politely. Wang Xianzhi, a famous member of the Langya clan, came to visit Xie An. /p>

Chi was also at Xie An's house. Wang Xianzhi despised Xi Chi Chi because he came from a poor family and refused to sit with him, so he stood.

Xie An refused to sit, so Xie An hurriedly arranged for Wang Xianzhi to sit with him Opposite of Xianzhi. After Xianzhi left, Xie An said to his nephew: "Although Xianzhi is noble, he is too reserved, which will damage his nature. "When Wang Huzhi of the famous Langya clan lived in Dongshan

, he was once relatively poor. Tao Fan, who was of low family status, happened to be the magistrate of Wucheng County at that time, so he sent someone to help Wang Huzhi

A boatload of rice was sent, but Wang Huzhi refused to accept it and said, "If I don't have anything to eat, I will naturally go to Xie Shang's (Xie

An's cousin) house to get it. You don't need to Tao Fan’s rice. " This made Tao Fan very embarrassed. After Xie An heard about it,

thought that what Wang Huzhi did was too much. It can be seen that Xie An did not agree with the strict family hierarchy.

Xie An also advocated moral education in educating his children. Xie An's wife Liu once asked Xie An why he didn't educate his children. Tell them what they should do through their words and deeds. "That is to say, Xie An is based on setting an example. In education, he pays great attention to methods and methods, never being abrupt and hurting his children's body and mind. When his nephew Xie Xuan was a child, Xie An has a flamboyant nature and often wears a purple rose sachet with a handkerchief hanging down his waist.

Xie An wanted to change his habit but did not want to hurt his self-esteem, so he tried to bet with him on the sachet to win.

Xie An's second brother, Xie Zhi, was ignorant when he was a child. He once climbed to the roof to smoke rats. His son Xie Lang didn't know it was his father, and he often joked about this incident with others. Xie An therefore said to Xie Lang: "The world uses this to slander my second brother, and some people say it is *. ** of. "

Xie Lang was very upset after hearing this and never dared to mention this incident again. People think that Xie An could deliberately say this

stupid thing as his own fault to become enlightened Nephew, "can be said to be a moral teacher". Because Xie An practiced his teachings well, most of his children became talented. For example, Xie Xuan and Xie Yan were famous generals in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and they were granted the title of (Xie Shao) Hu. p>

(Xie Lang) Li (Xie Xuan) (Xie Yuan) was a distinguished member of the literary world, with many talents, both civil and military.

Xie An has always been known as "Hongyuan". When he was in Dongshan, he was swimming across the sea with Sun Chuo and others. Suddenly the wind and waves swelled. Everyone on the boat panicked and advocated returning. Only Xie An An's expression remained unchanged and he could sing and whistle freely. Everyone sighed in admiration, "Looking at his size, it is enough to control An's government and the public."

In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, appearance and appearance were often used to measure talent. This special value standard originated from the evaluation of people in the Han Dynasty. It is believed that a person's talent can be reflected in his appearance. It is called Peugeot or romantic, which directly affects A character's reputation and status also have a potential impact on social fashion. Xie An had a nose disease, and when he composed Luoxia scholar's chant, his voice was thick and thick. Scholars loved his chant

but couldn't do it. Some people even covered their noses with their hands to imitate the dull sound. Xie An is known as the romantic leader of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

His every move influenced the social atmosphere at that time. A fellow countryman from Xie An, who was a local official, came back and brought 50,000 cattail leaf fans back to the capital for sale. Xie An used his type of cattail fan, and as a result, both scholars and common people in the capital rushed to imitate it, doubling the price of the fan. In less than a month, 50,000 cattail fans were sold out.

"Then it was abolished." It is said in history that "Xie An's words can destroy beauty over a thousand years; and what he wants to achieve is worth a hundred golds." It is rare for a powerful official whose status is second only to the emperor to be called "the great one who has the greatest talents". No wonder

Later generations thought that "the romantic prime minister of Jiangzuo only thanked An'er".

Wang Meng (325-375), courtesy name Jinglue, was born in Beihai, Shanxi (southeast of today's Shouguang County, Shandong Province). Wang Meng is handsome and tall, with majestic appearance, cautious and dignified, deep and resolute, and ambitious. He cares little about trivial matters and disdains dealing with common people. Therefore, he is often despised and ridiculed by superficial and flashy children. Wang Meng, however, was leisurely and contented and never cared about it. Live in seclusion in Huayin Mountain.

In 354 AD, Huan Wen of the Eastern Jin Dynasty went on the Northern Expedition and defeated Fu Jian of the former Qin Dynasty. After that, he stationed his troops in Bashang (now east of Xi'an, Shaanxi Province). The elders in Guanzhong rushed to bring wine to reward their work, and men and women gathered on the road to watch. Wang Meng also wore linen shorts and went to the camp to ask for a meeting. In front of the public, Wang Meng was catching lice while discussing world affairs with Huan Wen as if there was no one else around. Huan Wen secretly marveled and asked: "I was ordered by the emperor to lead a hundred thousand elite troops to attack the rebels and eliminate harm for the people, but no one from the Guanzhong heroes came to help. Why?" Wang Meng replied: "Your Excellency is not far away. Thousands of miles deep into the enemy territory, Chang'an is close at hand, but without crossing the Ba River, no one can understand your thoughts, so no one comes." This sentence touched Huan Wen's heart, and he was speechless for a moment. After a long silence, Huan Wen said: "No one in Jiangdong can match your talent." Soon, Huan Wen decided to withdraw. Before leaving, he presented Wang Meng with luxurious carriages and horses, and awarded him high-ranking officials. He invited Wang Meng to go south with him, but Wang Meng refused.

Fu Jian, the former Qin general, had great ambitions. He had heard about Wang Meng's reputation for a long time, and immediately sent Lu Polou to plead with Wang Meng to come out of the mountain. The two sides hit it off immediately, talking about the rise and fall of major events, speculating every word, and Fu Jian compared him to Zhuge Liang. In the first year of Dongshengping (357), Fu Jian proclaimed himself the King of Qin, and Wang Meng was appointed as the Minister of Zhongshu.

Wang Meng made outstanding achievements in governance, and was soon promoted to Minister Zuocheng, Xianyang Neishi, and Jing Zhaoyin. He had just been transferred to Jingzhao Yin. He heard that Fu Jian's brother-in-law, Qiang De, was drunk and committing murders, robbing people of property, robbing men and dominating women, causing great trouble to the people. Wang Meng was not afraid and immediately killed him and left his body in the market. Wang Meng also cooperated with Deng Qiang, the censor Zhongcheng, to severely investigate and deal with the officials who harmed the people and disrupted the government. In more than a month, more than 20 powerful and lawless dignitaries were taken into custody. As a result, all the officials were shocked and cunning, holding their breath and issuing orders and prohibitions. Fu Jian sighed with emotion: "Until today, I know that the world has laws and the emperor is noble!"

Wang Meng, who was thirty-six years old, was promoted five times in a year. , from Shangshu Zuocheng to Minister of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, and then to Shangshu Zuopushe, general of the auxiliary state, and lieutenant of Sili school. For a time, power was vested in both internal and external affairs.

Wang Meng not only showed outstanding talents in government affairs, but also showed outstanding military talents and general demeanor in uniting troops in battle. Starting from the first year of Taihe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (366), he led his army to attack Jingzhou in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, defeated the rebellious Qiang brigade leader Lianqi, and Zhang Tianxi who went to Qianliang. They all achieved victory, and he also pacified the former Qin clan Fu Liu and Fu Shuang. The rebellion of , Fu Sui, Fu Wu and others cleared the obstacles on the road to the Central Plains. In September of the fourth year of Taihe (369), Wang Meng led his army to rescue Qian Yan, and together with the Qian Yan army defeated the Eastern Jin army in the Northern Expedition.

A few months later, he led his troops to attack Qian Yan and made great achievements in defeating Qian Yan.

After the fall of Qian Yan, Fu Jian rewarded Wang Meng and appointed him as the military commander of the six states in Guandong, the general of chariots and cavalry, and the shepherd of Jizhou. He led the troops to guard Yecheng and allowed him to control the six states. To do things expediently, he can also choose county governors and county magistrates on his own, and he only needs to report to the Ministry of Personnel afterwards.

In June of the second year of Xian'an (372), Emperor Wen of the Jin Dynasty, Fu Jian asked Fu Rong to take over the guarding of Yecheng, and transferred Wang Meng back to the capital and appointed him as prime minister, Zhongshujian, Shangshuling, and Prince Taizi. Fu and Sili Xiaowei gave Wang Meng the power to decide all major domestic and foreign military affairs. Wang Meng lived up to his trust and presided over the affairs of the state with a firm and clear mind, and a clear distinction between good and evil. He made the best use of his talents. He was recognized by his officials, taught farmers and mulberry trees, and trained the army. The situation was well organized and the atmosphere was completely new. The former Qin Dynasty gradually showed the prosperity of the country and the strength of the military. new situation.

In June of the third year of Ningkang (375) in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Wang Meng became ill from overwork. Fu Jian was so anxious that he personally prayed for Wang Meng and sent his ministers to pray in famous mountains and rivers. Wang Meng's condition improved slightly, and Fu Jian was overjoyed and ordered a pardon for prisoners convicted of crimes below death.

In July of this year, Wang Meng was critically ill. Fu Jian visited him in person and asked about his funeral. Before Wang Meng died, he said to Fu Jian with sincerity: "Although the Jin Dynasty is located in a remote place in the south of the Yangtze River, it is the orthodoxy of China and is currently peaceful. After my death, I hope that your majesty will never attempt to attack the Jin Dynasty. The surrendered nobles such as Xianbei and Xiqiang will eventually They are our enemies and will become a disaster sooner or later. They should be eradicated gradually for the benefit of the country." After Wang Meng said these heartfelt words, he passed away. Fu Jian paid homage to the coffin three times and cried bitterly, and said to Prince Fu Hong: "It seems that the sky does not want me to unify the world. Why did it take away my scenery so quickly?" After Wang Meng died, Fu Jian was buried according to the Han Dynasty. In accordance with the specifications of Huo Guang, the great general of Sima, Wang Meng was buried ceremoniously and he was posthumously named Marquis of Wu.

Later Fu Jian did not listen to Wang Meng's words and attacked the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He was defeated by Xie An in the battle of Feishui, and Feishui was defeated.