Where is the real Huangdi Mausoleum?

2. Jingshan Mountain in Lingbao, Henan;

3. Hebei Zhuolu

4. Zhengning County, Gansu Province

1. Central Shaanxi County;

Huangdi, surnamed Gongsun and named Xuanyuan, is the humanistic ancestor of the Chinese nation. According to legend, more than 5,000 years ago, he allied with Emperor Yan, defeated Chiyou, unified all tribes in the Central Plains, integrated many tribes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River into the Yangtze River basin, and established Huaxia, the predecessor of the Chinese nation. The Yellow Emperor led the people to make clothes, build ships and cars, raise silkworms, create words, make medicines, keep promises and invent compasses ... thus ending barbarism and creating a 5,000-year civilization of the Chinese nation.

Huangdi Mausoleum is located in huangling county, south of Yan 'an, Shaanxi Province. It is the location of the mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor Xuanyuan, the ancestor of the Chinese nation. This is a famous tourist attraction with beautiful scenery and pleasant scenery.

According to legend, Huang Di was born in Shouqiu, Shandong, died in Jingshan, Henan and was buried in Qiao Shan, Shaanxi. Qiao Shan is located at 1 km north of huangling county. The mausoleum is located at the top of Qiao Shan, surrounded by winding water and mountains, with towering cypresses. There is a road leading to the top of the mountain and to the grave. On the top of the mountain stands a stone tablet called Dismounting Stone, which reads "Hundreds of officials of civil and military forces dismount here". In ancient times, anyone who offered sacrifices to the mausoleum had to dismount here and walk to the front of the mausoleum. There is a sacrificial pavilion in front of the mausoleum, on which there is a tall stone tablet with Guo Moruo's title "Huangdi Mausoleum" in three Chinese characters. There is also a stone tablet behind the pavilion, which reads "Bridge Mountain Dragon Double".

Huangdi Mausoleum is located in the center of the platform at the top of the mountain. The mausoleum is 3.6 meters high and 48 meters in circumference, surrounded by brick flowers. Surrounded by forests of cypresses, it is quiet and deep. Successive governments have attached great importance to the protection of Huangling ancient cypress, and there are instructions or general orders to protect Huangling in Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. According to huangling county's records, Berlin, Qiao Shan is about 4 square kilometers with more than 63,000 plants.

There was a precedent of paying homage to the Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor in the Western Han Dynasty, but the place of worship has not been unified. Since the fourth year of Hongwu in Ming Taizu (137 1), the ancestor worship of Huangdi Mausoleum has undergone epoch-making changes. Previously, there were different opinions about the location of the Huangdi Mausoleum, and worship was not only in one place. The Huangdi Mausoleum in Jingshan, located in Yangping Town, 20 kilometers west of Lingbao, is still very famous. In twenty-nine years, the king of Qin sent special officials to sacrifice. Since then, during the years of Yongle, Xuande, Jingtai, Tianshun, Zhengde, Jiajing, Qin Long, Wanli and Apocalypse, the Ming Dynasty sent 14 special officials to offer sacrifices, and the Huangdi Mausoleum in Qiao Shan, huangling county, Shaanxi was recognized by history.

The tomb is 3-6 meters high and 48 meters in circumference. It is made of bricks all around. There is an inscription in front of the tomb for the fifteenth year of Ming Jiajing, which means the place where the Yellow Emperor rode a dragon to heaven. There is a sacrificial pavilion in front, resting on the top of the mountain, and the cornices are upturned, which is magnificent.

There is a "Huangdi Mausoleum" stone tablet inscribed by Guo Moruo in the pavilion. The cemetery area is surrounded by red walls, with Lingxingmen in the southeast and stone que imitating the Han Dynasty on both sides. The interior of the cemetery is paved with bricks. Looks quaint and elegant. The area in front of the Huangdi Temple is magnificent, with an area of about 10000 square meters. Choosing 5,000 cobblestones to pave the river symbolizes the 5,000-year history of Chinese civilization.

Historical evidence. "Mandarin?" "Today" said: "In the past, Shaodian married a surname and gave birth to Huangdi and Yan Di. The Yellow Emperor was made of water, and the Yan Emperor was made of Jiang Shui. Merits are different, so the Yellow Emperor is discipline, not ginger. The second emperor used teachers to help each other, and the reasons for their different virtues were also different. "This is the earliest historical data that we can see that records the birthplace of Emperor Yan and Huangdi. The Chronicle of Bamboo Books says: Emperor Yan was born in, so he took Jiang as his surname. "Imperial Century" contains: "Yandi Shennong, Jiang also. My mother said her name was Ren Si, and she had a daughter named Gao, a famous woman and a young princess. Traveling in the sun of Huashan Mountain, there was a Shennong who felt that a woman had boarded Changyang and gave birth to Emperor Yan, who was a cow's head. She is longer than Jiang Shui because she is a surname. "Huashan" in "The Sun of Huashan" refers to the Qinling Mountains, and "Yang" refers to the south of the Qinling Mountains. Historical records? The supplement to Huang San's biography also includes: "I grew up in Jiang Shui because I think this is my family name". Where is Jiang Shui? Li Daoyuan of the Northern Wei Dynasty wrote Water Mirror? "Wei Shui Zhu" said: "Qishui is east to the south of the river, that is." Li clearly pointed out that it is a tributary of the Weihe River Basin in Baoji today. Records of Ming and Qing Dynasties, History of Ming Dynasty, Records of Fengxiang Prefecture and Records of Baoji County all record that "Jiang Shui" refers to the Qingjiang River on the Weihe River in Baoji City today, and "Jiangshicheng" refers to the Jiangcheng Castle today. Mr. Xu, a famous archaeologist, said: "There is a good art of painted pottery near Jiangcheng Castle, and human beings lived at the dawn of our history. There is no doubt that the names of Jiangchengbao and Qingjiang, as well as the very special Shennong Temple ... all seem to have their own origins, not the creation of future generations ... It is also very likely that the old place of Jiangcheng. " Mr. Zou Heng, a famous archaeologist, said it more clearly. He said: "The so-called Yan Di made of ginger and water can be understood as the earliest place where Yan Di people lived in Jiang Shui. Jiang Shui in ancient times, according to Shui Jing Zhu? Weishuizhu is located in the south of Jiangcheng, which is the area of Qishan County, but I don't know the specific location. However, according to the Records of the Unification of Daming, there is a city of ginger in the south of Baoji County, Fengxiang Prefecture, and there is also a city in the south. This city of ginger is now called Ginger Castle, which is Yimen Castle in the south. There is a piece of water in the west of the castle, which is still called Qingjiang.

Where are Jishui and Jiang Shui? Academia is still studying. Probably in Shaanxi.

2. Jingshan Mountain in Lingbao, Henan Province

Huangdi Mausoleum is located on Jingshan Mountain in Yangping Town, 20 kilometers west of lingbao city. It is the historical evidence handed down from generation to generation by Huangdi tribe, the ancestor of the Chinese nation.

According to Records of the Historian, in ancient times, the disaster in Jingshan area was serious, and Emperor Xuanyuan visited Jingshan. In order to treat the people, Huangdi took the cave of the first mountain, drew water from the lake and cast a tripod at the foot of the mountain. Later generations came here to worship their ancestors, and there was an endless stream. Now, three big bronze dings symbolizing gods, land gods and ancestors have been restored. "The Yellow Emperor collected bronze wares from the first mountain and cast a tripod at the foot of Jingshan Mountain, with a long beard. Meet the yellow emperor. The Yellow Emperor rode on horseback, and there were more than 70 ministers in the harem, with dragons on them. Yu Xiaochen was not allowed to go up, but he learned that he had a dragon beard in his hand. The dragon beard was pulled down and fell into the bow of the Yellow Emperor. The people look up to the Yellow Emperor, but they hold his bow and beard, hence the name Dinghu' its bow name is Wu Hao'. " People buried the Yellow Emperor's boots in the Dingding Garden, forming the Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor. Later, people built the Yellow Emperor's cenotaph here and built temples to offer sacrifices.

At the western end of the mausoleum, there is a mound with a height of 6 meters and a circumference of 42.5. Legend has it that it is the mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor. There is a Longxugou in the southwest of the mausoleum, which is said to be the place where Longxugou fell. There is a kind of Gracilaria lemaneiformis growing here. It is said that Gracilaria lemaneiformis has changed and there is nothing around.

The building of Huangdi Mausoleum was destroyed by fire many times in history, but it was destroyed many times. At present, the main sites that have been restored include Fairy Hall, Sai-jo Palace, Long Corridor, Tomb, Mountain Gate, Sacrificial Column, Quelou, Quelong Pavilion and other scenic spots, and a large uranium tripod symbolizing heaven, earth and people's congress has been cast.

In Zhuding Garden in Lingbao, Henan Province, there are a series of place names related to the Yellow Emperor: Zhuding Garden, Dinghu Lake, Jingshan Mountain, Chiyou Mountain, Kuafu Mountain and Mulberry Garden ... "Not only will the old people point to these places and pass on the story of the Yellow Emperor's life from generation to generation, but there are also many records in ancient documents, such as" The River "by water mirror:

"On the right side of the river will be a small stream, and the river will flow out of Kuafu in Huxian County ... and Hubei will go to Huxian County East and North into the river." "Land Records of Wei State" says: Hongnonghu County has a place where Xuanyuan Huangdi ascended the immortals. The Yellow Emperor used bronze wares from the first mountain to cast a tripod under Jingshan Mountain, and a dragon hung from the tripod. The Yellow Emperor ascended the dragon and seventy people ascended the sky, hence the name Dinghu. Jingshan is in Fengxiang and Shoushan is in Puban, which is connected with Huxian County. "Jin Shu Daoji" and "Tai" also talked about Hu County. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty changed it into a lake. As the saying goes, the Yellow Emperor went to heaven in Lapras. "Geography" said: Jingzhaohu County has two temples of Emperor Zhou, hence the name Hu. Don't say that the yellow emperor promoted the dragon. Xiong Huizhen case: "Today, this water (Panjian water) is called Pandou River, which goes out of Qinshan in the southwest of Ganxiang County, that is, Kuafu". Yang Shoujing asked, "Li told the story of the Yellow Emperor on the basis of Wei Shu Huang Di Sheng Xian. It is said that Jingshan Mountain and Shoushan Mountain are close to Huxian County, but Lapras, the Yellow Emperor, is regarded as a proverb, which proves that Han Zhi does not say Longsheng Temple, and Gaiyin says Dinghu Lake is here. " According to legend, Dinghu Lake is in the east of Huayin, and the east of Huayin is Huxian County, so it is ancient. "

Many places in China have legends of the Yellow Emperor and related place names. Ancient place names are often brought to all directions with people's migration. The place names with concentrated ancestral industries are integrated into the mountains and rivers of new homes and turned into immortal monuments. However, in Lingbao, not only the theory of Dinghu Lake originated very early, but also a wealth of cultural relics of the same historical period are buried underground. The ground and underground echo each other, but it is rare.

There are two versions of the story about Huangdi and Ding in Historical Records. One is that the Yellow Emperor "snatched the tripod and pushed the pod to welcome the sun", as shown in Records of the Five Emperors, and the other is that a minister said that "I heard that the Emperor Tai Shang prospered the tripod, and the family was unified, and everything in heaven and earth was bound to die. The Yellow Emperor is the third tripod, like heaven and earth. Yu received nine animal husbandry gold and cast Jiuding, all cooked by ghosts and gods. Blessed people, prosperous, moved to Xia and Shang Dynasties. Zhou De declined, the society of the Song Dynasty died, and the tripod fell and disappeared. " Sun Qing, a Qi man, said, "The Yellow Emperor cast a bronze tripod from Shoushan at the foot of Jingshan Mountain, and after the tripod was made, Yi Long hung his beard to welcome the Yellow Emperor", which can be found in Biography of Filial Piety and Closed Sutra Zen Forest.

Ancient literati came to pay their respects in succession, and famous poets such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi and Liu Yuxi all came here to pay their respects, chanting poems and writing poems, lamenting that "Fan Luo can't climb to the top"! Every year around the ninth day of the second lunar month, people will go to worship.

He Jingzhi, a famous poet, chanted impromptu in Heyuan: "China lived for 5,000 years, and history has proved to be a treasure to see. Looking up at Jingshan, I am surprised at all times.

3. Cutting deer in Hebei

1. Huangdi Temple Site.

Huangdi Temple Site is located on the loess slope about 3 miles northeast of Xiaofanshan Village, just south of the main peak of Qiao Shan, with an area of about 100 mu. The base of the main hall of Huangdi Temple is nearly square, with a length of 17m from east to west, a width of 14.5m from north to south and a height of 8m. A large number of bricks and tiles are piled up on the surface of the temple foundation. There are rope-patterned tiles, slab tiles and bucket tiles in the Western Han Dynasty, tiles in the Northern Wei Dynasty, tiles in the Liao and Jin Dynasties, and tiles with various patterns and dragon-shaped brick carvings in the accumulation layer. From the profile exposed to the south of Miaoji, the top surface of Miaoji is below 0.5m, which is a Liao-Jin brick layer, and the rammed soil layer is below the Liao-Jin brick layer with a thickness of 30cm and the rammed soil layer with a thickness of 75cm, which is a brick layer of Han and Wei Dynasties. Beneath the brick layer of Han and Wei dynasties, there is rammed soil layer; Further down more than 6m, it is covered by accumulated soil, and several floors are unknown. It can be proved that this temple has been rebuilt many times. 1998 During the spring ploughing season, Wei Xingjiang, a villager in Xiaofanshan, dug up a beautiful black stone axe on the west side of the temple base at12m. When unearthed, the stone axe was placed between four stone slabs and covered with a slate. If this is the cornerstone of the northwest corner of the Huangdi Temple, the temple site is more than 40 meters wide from east to west, and its construction date should be before the Longshan culture period. (1) and (2) Ming history? Ritual ambition. 3 "Ming History"? Taizuji. ④ Central county annals.

Not far from the pedestal of the main hall, there is a high-rise building. There are two symmetrical cultural relics scattered on the ground about 50 meters east and west of the base. What you can see on the ground is black pottery with polished surface, 3 mm sidewall, gray pottery and red pottery, which are rare. Its pottery pieces are all made of wheels, the tire wall is very thin and the firing temperature is high. The distinguishable objects are tripod foot, foot and bean foot, and their decorative patterns are string pattern, rope pattern and additional pile pattern. After two field observations, Mr. Zheng Guang thinks that the history of gray pottery can be traced back to the Western Zhou Dynasty. As for black pottery with a black background, because it has little contact with cultural relics in the north, it is impossible to determine the age without the comparison of cultural relics.

In the north of the temple ruins, there is a half-block stone mortar carved from square stones. This half stone mortar is so big that three people can move together. On the ditch wall on the southeast side of Huangdi Temple site, an ancient well collapsed, with a well body 1 m square and inlaid with cypress boards, and the depth of the well was about 40 meters.

2. The rock foundation address of the unknown building.

About 100 meters south of the main peak of Qiao Shan, there is an unknown building rock foundation: a rock foundation with a length of 1.5 meters square and a height of 1.5 meters, which is cut from rocks, and the lower part is connected with the mountain ridge rocks. I wonder if this is Shan Hai Jing? "XuanYuanTai" recorded in The West Chamber? Looking up at this from a distance, it looks like a stone table on the top of the mountain, so the locals call it "stone table", which is said to be the place where the Yellow Emperor plays with the gods. Li Bai's poem "Popular North" in Tang Dynasty: "Snowflakes in Yanshan Mountain are as big as seats, and pieces of them blow down the Xuanyuantai". This is what the phrase "and heaven remains our neighbourhood will not change the fairy bureau" in the poem "Qiao Shan" in Yuan Dynasty means.

3. Arch stone bridges and stone houses.

On the south side of Qiaoshan East Peak, facing the nameless building base of the main peak, it is a naturally occurring arched stone bridge. Standing at the foot of this mountain and looking up, you can see the blue sky and white clouds through the stone bridge cave, which is vivid in Qiao Shan's poem "Bypassing the Sun, Moon and Stars", depicting this scene. There is an artificially excavated stone chamber on the cliff on the northeast side of the stone bridge, and people can climb in. The stone room can accommodate more than a dozen people and sleep three or five people. The hole is so small that it can be blocked with a bundle of firewood.

4. "Grave" mountain.

In the East-West Valley south of the main peak of Qiao Shan, a "tomb"-like independent hill surrounded by peaks naturally formed. A valley in the east rises abruptly in a deep valley. The rocks stand upright, and the flowers and trees on them are lush and magnificent. The peak is slightly concave, and the mountain makes a dull "empty" sound when stepping on it. In the middle and lower part of the rock in the north of this mountain, the rock is broken into doorways, covered with mud and rocks, and firewood grows densely; In the north of the hill in this valley, another mountain ridge extending from the east peak crosses to the east side of the main peak. The landscape flowing from the south in the valley is first guided to the west, and then turned back to the back of this mountain, where it seems to be artificially excavated and covered, so the mountain behind it is artificially cut off, and there is an obvious gap to improve water quality. The notch is "▽"-shaped, with a width of about10m and a depth of about10m.

Ancient emperors often carved a mountain as a tomb. We suspect that there are many kinds of mountains in this tomb, or the place where the Yellow Emperor slept.

5. Stone mortar cut at the top of the mountain.

At the top of the Northeast Mountain, the main peak of Qiao Shan, a stone mortar carved on the top rock was found. Of course, no one can move this stone mortar that is integrated with the whole mountain. This proves that the ancients who chiseled stone mortar had the idea of living on this mountain forever from generation to generation.

6. Piled stones.

Use a stone mortar on the north slope of the top of the mountain. There are more than 30 rockfill bodies all over the hillside, with a diameter of about 1.5m and a height of about 0.5m. At the foot of the mountain in the north of Jishizhong Group are the hot springs under the bridge and the Flower Rain Sacrificial Hall with carved eaves on the hot springs mentioned in Wei Tu Ji, as well as Shu Wei? The site of "Hot Spring Palace" mentioned in Historical Records.

7. The remains of the ancient road at the northern foot of Qiaoshan Mountain.

At the northern foot of Qiaoshan Mountain, there is only a narrow path from Xiaofan Mountain to Wenquantun Village. No one knows that there is an official path hidden among firewood in Shan Ye, which was discovered by the author in a survey fifteen years ago. The complete part of this road is 1.5 meters wide, with a gentle slope, which is paved with bricks and stones. If you encounter a cliff, cut a stone passage and the road will be better preserved. It was rare in ancient times to build such a wide road in an uninhabited barren mountain with no arable land. People suspect that this is the road from the ancient "Hot Spring Palace" to Qiao Shan.

9. Emperor Temple

According to the fact that the site of Huangdi Temple in Zhuolu Bridge Mountain was dug with a stone axe, rebuilt many times by the Han, Wei, Liao and Jin Dynasties, and the discovery of cultural relics in Longshan, Western Zhou and Warring States, and referring to the discovery of cultural relics in Wenquan Palace site, the Liao and Jin Dynasties between the construction and business of Huangdi Temple in Zhuolu Bridge Mountain, the end of Zhou, Han, Northern Wei, Yangshao culture and the early Longshan culture are consistent with the records of ancient place names seen today.

Henan Lingbao

To be verified

Qiao Shan in Zhengning, Gansu;

There are no sites, no cultural relics to test.

"Qiao Shan" in central Shaanxi;

In the north of Huanxian County 1, Xuanyuan Huangdi Temple is located at the foot of the mountain and was built in the Ming Dynasty. There are "Xuanyuan Huangdi planted cypress by hand" and "Han Wudi Hongjiabai"; There are more than 70 memorial tablets in the pavilions of the temple, which were dedicated to the Yellow Emperor in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. There is a tomb of Xuanyuan Huangdi on the mountain, which is 3 meters high. 6 meters, diameter 16 meters. There is a pavilion in front of the tomb, and the inscription in the pavilion is "Qiaoling Yulong"; Further on, it is the stone tablet of "Ancient Xuanyuan Huangdi Bridge Mausoleum" built by Bi Yuanli, Governor of Shaanxi Province in the 41st year of Qing Qianlong (1776). On the south side of the mausoleum, there is a stone tablet with the words "Hanwu Sendai" engraved on it. According to legend, it is the place where Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty worships the immortals.

Besides, we can't see any historical sites and cultural relics before the Ming Dynasty. This mountain was called "Qiaoshi Mountain" before the Ming Dynasty.

1. Zhuoluqiao Mountain in Hebei Province is closely related to a large number of ancient sites and remains, such as Wenquan Palace, Xuanyuan Mountain, Chiyou City, Hanquan, Lishan Kiln, Shunmiao and Shundu Pancheng. It is by no means an isolated historical relic and record that has nothing to do with the history of the Yellow Emperor. Huangdi's life span is very long. Old age is an era of peace and prosperity, without war and unexpected political changes. His death was not because Shun and Yu went to other places, but because of the Zhuolu earthquake, a natural disaster. The princess of the Yellow Emperor, Lei Zu, died in Hengshan Mountain during her southern tour. The Yellow Emperor ordered Mo Mu to be supervised by Taoism and transported back to Beijing for burial. After the death of the Yellow Emperor, there was an urgent need for disaster relief and safety after the earthquake. Is there any reason not to be buried in Qiongshan Mountain, the ancient bear country in the northwest of Beijing, but to be transported thousands of miles away to northern Shaanxi or Gansu for burial?

Secondly, there was no bridge in China before the Warring States Period, so there was no "bridge" in the history before the Warring States Period. Therefore, before the Han Dynasty, at least before the Warring States Period, there was no such actual historical place name as "Qiao Shan". The place where the Yellow Emperor was buried was "Qiongshan", which was recorded as "poor mountain" in Shan Hai Jing. Tai Shigong's "Beidu Zhuolu" was based on the actual natural cave, the bridge of poor mountain peaks, and was used at that time according to the sound of "poor mountain". This point has been fully confirmed by the inscription of the Shang Dynasty offering sacrifices to the Huangdi Temple in Xianqiu recorded in Shanhaijing, the geographical location of Huangdi's burial place in poor mountains recorded in Shanhaijing, Qiao Shan and Qiao Shan in Zhuolu County recorded in the Official History of Past Dynasties, and a large number of historical facts that the Northern Wei Emperor explicitly offered sacrifices to Huangdi in Xuanyuan, Qiao Shan, Zhuolu.

Thirdly, according to historical records in Qiao Shan, Zhuolu, Hebei Province, the time for offering sacrifices to Xuanyuan Huangdi was more than 3,400 years ago to the end of Yuan Dynasty. There is no historical record of the so-called "Qiao Shan Huangdi Mausoleum" in Lingbao, Henan and Zhengning, Gansu. However, Qiao Shan County, located in the middle of Shaanxi Province, has a history of only 630 years since the Hongwu period. Which is true and which is false, don't you understand?

Fourthly, the site of the ancient building complex of Huangdi Temple in Qiao Shan, Zhuolu, Hebei Province still exists, and stone tools and pottery pieces such as stone axes in Longshan period have been discovered. According to its cultural relics, the temple was built at the end of Yangshao culture and the beginning of Longshan culture. Later, it was repaired in Shang, Zhou, Warring States, Han, Northern Wei, Liao and Yuan Dynasties, which was consistent with the written records of sacrifices. In this way, in the Huangdi Mausoleum recorded in different geographical locations in China, it is clear which ones are true and which ones are false.

4. Zhengning County, Gansu Province

Xuanyuan Huangdi, one of the ancestors of the Chinese nation, was buried after his death. Is the Mausoleum of Huangdi in huangling county, Shaanxi? Shaanxi Huangdi Mausoleum has made many Chinese sons and daughters at home and abroad yearn for it, and they have gone to pay homage to it to find their roots and ancestors. This seems to prove that the Mausoleum of Huangdi should be in Huangling, Shaanxi.

However, after 15 years of painstaking research, Mr. Zhang of Longdong College has conclusive evidence. Not only is the location of the Huangdi Mausoleum clearly recorded in the history books, but the Huangdi Mausoleum in Wu Qingyuan Township of Zhengning County still exists today. Therefore, he wrote a book to prove that the real Mausoleum of Huangdi is not in huangling county, Shaanxi, but in Wu Qingyuan Township, Zhengning County, Gansu Province.

What is Xuanyuan? Mr. Guo Moruo said after studying the inscriptions such as Sacrifice to Hou Ding: "The word' Tian Yun' is a common inscription, which was translated into later generations in the old days, and the rest are called' Tian Yun', that is, Xuanyuan." So he thinks that "giant salamander is Xuanyuan". Giant salamander is the name, emblem and totem of Xuanyuan. Catfish is an aquatic animal, and the Yellow Emperor used giant salamander as a totem, which shows that his totem is an aquatic animal.

Mr. Zhang believes that the discovery of pterosaurs around the river provides strong evidence for the totem of giant salamander. 1978 In early May, people found pterosaur fossils in the blasted slate in Sanlipu, Qingyang County, Qingyang District, Gansu Province. This pterosaur is an aquatic animal with a long neck and a short tail, no spine, a long skull and slender teeth. He has no feathers and is smooth, but he has two big "wings" that spread out two meters, but he can't fly long distances. He can only slide by the water's edge and in the sparse forest, and make a living by pecking at small fish.

Zhang compared the fossils of "pterosaur around the river" with the inscriptions of giant salamander such as Ding, and found that they were not only similar, but also confirmed the mystery of Xuanyuan Emperor's ascension to heaven after his death-giant salamander was not only a dragon, but also could fly. Giant salamander is pterosaur, which is Xuanyuan. The discovery of pterosaur fossils provides evidence of physical totem for the existence of Xuanyuan clan tribe.

History books record the burial place of the Yellow Emperor.

Historical Records says: "The Yellow Emperor collapsed and buried Qiao Shan". "Historical Records" quoted Qin Shihuang as saying: "The Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor is on Qiaoshan Mountain in Shang Jun County". "Historical Records" quoted "Han Geography" as saying: "Qiao Shan is in Yangzhou County, Shang Jun, and there is a tomb of the Yellow Emperor on the mountain". Biography of Justice in Historical Records quoted Guo Zhi as saying: "The Mausoleum of Huangdi is located in Wuzi Mountain, eight miles east of Luochuan County, Ningzhou."

Zhang found that these records refer to one place, namely Ningzhou, which is now Wu Qingyuan Township, Zhengning County, Qingyang District.

Then, why are there various opinions about the location of the Huangdi Mausoleum? Why did you move to huangling county, Shaanxi? Zhang believes that one of the reasons is that some historians are not clear about geographical changes. Looking up the Twenty-Five History, the records of the location of Huangdi Mausoleum before the Song Dynasty were all "East Woods Mountain in Luochuan County, Ningzhou". From the Golden History, Qiao Shan moved from Yuanzhang County (now Zhengning County, Qingyang District) to Zhongjun County (now huangling county, Shaanxi Province). In the third year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty, after Ming Taizu mistook the "Qiaoling" in Zhongjun County for the "Qiaoling" in Xuanyuan Huangdi, the Ming History recorded that Qiao Shan and Huangdi Mausoleum were in the north of Zhongjun County.

From this point of view, there is no objection to the records of Huangdi Mausoleum in Qiaoshanningzhou before the Song Dynasty. It was only in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, especially in the Ming Dynasty, that Qiao Shan, Yangzhou County and Huangdi Mausoleum were "moved around", and it was difficult to distinguish between true and false. This is an irrefutable argument and a historic farce. Chen Yafeng, a lecturer in politics and law at Longdong University, grew up in Wu Qingyuan and knew the Mausoleum of Huangdi very well. He told reporters that the soil layer of Huangdi Mausoleum is not a natural soil layer, but a well-defined rammed soil layer. He also said that many place names here are called "Longtoumu" and "Longzuizi", and their names are all related to Xuanyuan Huangdi. Locals call the Huangdi Mausoleum "a knot in one's heart grave", "immortal grave" and so on. Xuanqiu, the tomb of the Yellow Emperor, is also mentioned in the existing inscription on the Inscription of Ningzhou in the Great Song Dynasty in Zhengning County Cultural Palace. In a word, the record of "Huangdi Mausoleum in Woods Mountain, 80 miles east of Luochuan County, Ningzhou" finally gave us an overwhelming conclusion from its original burial place.

The twenty-fourth history records the burial place of the Yellow Emperor.

"Twenty-four History" says: "The Yellow Emperor collapsed and buried Qiao Shan". The Collection of Twenty-four Histories quoted Qin Shihuang as saying: "The Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor is in Qiao Shan, Shang Jun County". The Twenty-four History of Mourning quoted Hanshu Dizhi as saying: "Qiao Shan is in Yangzhou County, Shang Jun, and there is a tomb of the Yellow Emperor on the mountain". Justice in the Twenty-Four Histories quoted National Records as saying: "The Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor is located in Wuzi Mountain, 80 miles east of Luochuan County, Ningzhou." When people look up historical materials and guess, they find that these records all refer to the same place, namely Qiao Shan, Ningzhou, and later Qiao Shan, Ningzhou, which is now Wu Qingyuan Township, Zhengning County, Qingyang District. Why is Xuanyuan Huangdi's tomb in Wuqingyuan, Zhengning County, Qingyang District today? Geographically, Luochuan County of Sui Dynasty (now Luochuan Town of Zhengning County) is located on the west side of Qiaoshan Qinzhi Road, while Qiaoshan Qinzhi Road (namely Xuanqiu) is 90 miles east of Luochuan County. According to Kudi Zhi, "Huangdi Mausoleum is located in Woods Mountain, 80 miles east of Luochuan County, Ningzhou", Luochuan County is 90 miles west of Qiaoshanqin Road, and Huangdi Mausoleum is 10 miles west of Qin Zhi Road. Ten miles to the west, it is now five hectares of tableland in Zhengning County.

Then, why are there various explanations for the location of the Huangdi Mausoleum? Why did you move to huangling county, Shaanxi? Galatians believe that one of the reasons is that some historians are not clear about the changes in geography. Looking up the Twenty-Five History, the records of the location of Huangdi Mausoleum before the Song Dynasty were all "East Woods Mountain in Luochuan County, Ningzhou". Starting from the Jin Dynasty, Qiao Shan moved from Zhou Xian County (now Zhengning County, Qingyang District) in Yuanyang County to Central County (now huangling county, Shaanxi Province). In the third year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty, Ming Taizu mistook the "Qiaoling" in the Central County for the "Qiaoling" in Xuanyuan Huangdi. Then, The History of Ming Dynasty recorded the Huangdi Mausoleum in the north of Qiao Shan and Huan County.

According to Yun Yun, the records before the Song Dynasty said that the Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor was in Qiaoshanningzhou, and there were no two words. It was only in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, especially in the Ming Dynasty, that Qiao Shan, Yangzhou County and Huangdi Mausoleum were "moved around", which was difficult to distinguish between true and false. It was a refutation and a historical farce.

The remains of Huangdi Mausoleum are in Zhengning County.

According to the original Zhengning County Records, Huangdi Mausoleum is located in Qiao Shan, Xitou Village, Qitou Town, southeast of the county. When the Gu Feng rises, there is a barren grave above it, and a monument stands beside it, engraved with the "Yellow Emperor's burial clothes". This Huangdi Mausoleum is the Huangdi Mausoleum dedicated by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

Today, the Mausoleum of Huangdi stands proudly on the Loess Plateau in Wu Qingyuan Township, Zhengning County. Although it has been eroded for thousands of years, it is still strong and indecent. Except that the east side of the tomb collapsed into the valley, the original tomb was basically well preserved. The height of the mound is 10-60m, and there are 18 terraces in the western half. Each terrace is 1-3m high, and the width of the terrace is not equal to 1-2m. Nearly a thousand walnut trees with heavy fruits are planted on it. The top of the tomb used to be rectangular "stacked bucket" shape, but now it is oval, about 70 meters long from north to south and 30 meters wide, which is larger than the plane or object surface 1500- 1800 square meters.

There were temples and shrines of the Yellow Emperor in Hebei, Henan, Shanxi and other places, and some of them still exist today. All these are based on the fact that the Yellow Emperor collapsed and buried Qiao Shan, but there is no strong evidence. Only the Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor is located in Wuzi Mountain, 80 miles east of Luochuan County, Ningzhou, and there is sufficient evidence.

Based on great respect for the ancestors of all ethnic groups in the Central Plains, the Yellow Emperor in Xuanyuan and the feelings of the Chinese nation, Zhang believes that it is lofty and beyond reproach to build the Temple and Temple of the Yellow Emperor in Xuanyuan whenever and wherever. But where is the tomb of Xuanyuan Huangdi? To make it clear, it is not unnecessary to restore the true colors of history.

1993165438+10 In October, Mr. Zhang went to huangling county, Shaanxi Province, visited the Huangdi Mausoleum and Xuanyuan Temple, studied many propaganda materials and existing cultural relics, consulted with relevant people and raised many questions. Is there any evidence that "the Yellow Emperor planted cypress by hand"? The other party replied, "Look, such a big cypress tree is five thousand years old. If it is not planted by the Yellow Emperor, who will come? " Such a joke is obvious. "The Huangdi Mausoleum in Shaanxi has no historical evidence, but it was obtained from a local Xuanyuan Temple." Zhang said this in an interview with reporters. What do we think of the mausoleum site of Huangdi Mausoleum? Zhang believes that to respect history, we should not joke about the history of the Chinese nation, forget our ancestors and tamper with historical facts at will; Historical records should be unambiguously acknowledged, and there should be no lies. The location of the Huangdi Mausoleum has no record of the actual burial place except the record of Mount Wuzi, 80 miles east of Luochuan County, Ningzhou, and the previous historical records. Only by honestly admitting it can we really avoid the doubts of Chinese and foreign people about the Huangdi Mausoleum and return it to its true colors.