If one of the reasons for the demise of the Sui Dynasty was that Yang Guang set up a Jinshi branch, which made Guan Longxun feel that he had violated their interests and turned against them, then why

If one of the reasons for the demise of the Sui Dynasty was that Yang Guang set up a Jinshi branch, which made Guan Longxun feel that he had violated their interests and turned against them, then why was it still used in the Tang Dynasty but nothing happened? At the earliest, Yu Wentai adopted Su Chuo's suggestion, formulated a Guanzhong-based policy, eliminated the gap between Hu and Han, and controlled farmers in the name of land equalization. Finally, it was combined into "Guanlong Group", and most rich people at that time joined this group. Yang Di initiated the imperial examination system, which seriously undermined the standard policy of Guanzhong. In order to carry out the Guanzhong standard policy, Emperor Taizong concentrated more than half of the country's troops in Guanzhong area, which greatly increased the strength of the central government. Chen Yinque pointed out: "Li Tangcheng inherited Yu Wentai's Guanzhong-oriented policy, and the national center of gravity is in the northwest corner." After Wu Zetian came to power, she began to disintegrate Guanlong Group, and advocated the branch of literati literature works, and the separation of civil and military works. By the time of Xuanzong in Tang Dynasty, the destruction of Guanzhong-based policy had been exhausted, local forces had risen, and Tangmen had declined since then.

In the Southern and Northern Dynasties, in order to select useful talents, the imperial examination system such as "staying bright and quiet" was born, but since the Wei and Jin Dynasties, it has continued to implement the nine-product system. In the Sui Dynasty, in 587, Emperor Wendi of the Sui Dynasty formally established the examination system for different subjects, replacing the nine-grade examination system. Since then, officials have been selected regardless of family status. In the early days of the imperial examination system, there was a state annual tribute, which stipulated that each state sent three people to the central government every year to take the examinations of scholar and Ming Jing. In 606, Emperor Yang Di added the imperial examination, and the imperial examination system was formally formed. In the Ming Dynasty, the strategy of trying talents, the strategy of trying time and trying things, and the technique of trying classics formed a complete national system of selecting talents. At that time, the Ming Sutra was the highest, and Jinshi tried to occupy the second place. At that time, the system of selecting scholars was only called scholars' subjects, which was far from the subjects in the Tang Dynasty. Scholar is the beginning of the imperial examination, and it is also an imperfect examination system, which has little effect on the actual recruitment of scholars, but it has changed the situation of family monopoly of official positions. The imperial examination system complied with the requirements of the landlords of the common people in the past dynasties to obtain their due position in politics, eased the contradiction between them and the imperial court, made them loyal to the central government, was conducive to selecting talents, enhanced political efficiency, and played a positive role in consolidating centralization.

Guanlong Group, which originated from Bazhu State, is composed of military commanders in six towns in the Northern Wei Dynasty, Xianbei nobles in Wuchuan Town in the North, and aristocratic families in Guanlong area such as Jingzhao Weizhen, Hedong, Taiyuan, Wugong, Hanoi Sima and Dunhuang Zheng.

Emperor Wendi himself is a member of Guanlong Group. The support of Guanlong Group made great contributions to the founding of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty. Famous officials of the Han people, such as Zheng Yi, Liu Yun and Gao Jiong, all contributed to the implementation of the ethnic policy. As for the Tang Dynasty, Li Tang claimed to be from the Li family in Longxi, pretending to be a direct descendant of Li Hao in Xiliang. However, Chen Yinque's Essays on the Political History of the Tang Dynasty and Li Tang Family Speculation think that he calls himself Longxi, but he is really a respectable Li.

Huang Yongnian believed that Guanlong Group only existed in the Western Wei Dynasty, the Northern Zhou Dynasty and the early Sui Dynasty, and had gradually declined and disintegrated by Emperor Yang Di. Guanlong Group ceased to exist in the early Tang Dynasty, and less than half of the heroes and prime ministers in Tang Gaozu period were born in Guanlong, so it cannot be called a group.

Fourteen Prime Ministers of Gaozu Dynasty: Li Shimin, Pei Ji, Liu Wenjing, Xiao Yu, Dou Wei, Dou Kang, Chen, Yang Gongren, Feng Deyi, Pei Ju, Gao Shilian, Li Yuanji, Yu and Fang. Apart from the two princes, only six people, including Pei Ji, Liu Wenjing, Dou Wei, Dou Kang, Yang Gongren and Yu, were born in Guanlong.

The Eight Pillars State and the Twelve Kingdoms of the Western Wei Dynasty will be typical representatives of the nobles in Guanlong. The eight pillars of the Western Wei Dynasty were: Yu Wentai (the actual ruler of the Western Wei Dynasty; Father of Emperor Yuwen Yong of the Northern Zhou Dynasty; Great-grandfather), Yuan Xin (Xi Yuanbao lived as the eldest son and was later abolished), (Li Yuan's grandfather), Li Bi (Shimi's great-grandfather), Zhao Gui, Yu Jin, Du (father-in-law of Sui Wendi and grandfather of Li Yuan) and Hou Chong. Among them, Yu Wentai, the Western Wei Dynasty Taishi, is the first pillar country, but its status has long been detached. Yuan Xin was a prince and a teacher in the Western Wei Dynasty, and Zhu was a nominal teacher. In fact, it is a six-legged country, and Li Hu is the Wei of the Western Wei Dynasty. In fact, it is the first of six pillar countries. There are six pillars, and there are two generals on each pillar, so there are twelve generals. Due to the early death of Qiu, the head of the six pillar countries, he began to gradually overhead the eight pillar countries, and the military power was devolved to the hands of twelve generals.

The twelve generals of the Western Wei Dynasty were Yuan Zan, Yuan Kuo, Hou Chen Moshun, Yu, Da Xiwu, Li Yuan, Dou Luning, Yu Wengui, He, Yang Zhong (the father of Yang Jian) and Wang Xiong. Because in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the northern gentry was martial and aristocratic friends respected each other with martial arts, so the northern gentry was slightly different from the southern gentry. The gentry in the south are basically civil servants, while the gentry in the north have to go out and get involved. The Eight Pillars State, the Twelve Generals and their descendants created the glorious history of the Western Wei Dynasty, the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the Sui Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty.

The history books of the Tang Dynasty said: "Those who are now called gate valves push the eight-pillar country. Rong Sheng at that time was unparalleled. " The family ruled the country until the middle period of chastity. Li Shimin learned the experience and lessons from the three short-lived dynasties of Western Wei, Northern Zhou and Sui. He took various measures to balance the political forces of the DPRK and China: first, he formed an official selection system with the imperial examination system, the door shadow system and the recommendation system, and formed the Shandong gentry represented by Fang, the Han nationality represented by Ma Zhou, the nobles of the Southern Dynasty represented by Xiao Yu and Wang Jue, and Yu, Wuji and Chu Suiliang.

At the end of Zhenguan, with the deterioration of Li Shimin's health, the court relied more and more on Sun Chang Wuji, Chu Suiliang and other old ministers, which confirmed that the future Gaozong dynasty must be centered on Guanlong nobles. Since then, the two men have been in power, excluding dissidents and expanding the aristocratic power in Guanlong. Sun Chang Wuji and Chu Suiliang cooperated closely. In the past three years, from the first year of Yonghui to the third year of Yonghui, Yu Wenjie, Liu Xuan, Han Yuan, Lai Ji and other officials and nobles were successively promoted to prime ministers, and they were forced to resign as ministers, making them exist in name only. With the death of Zhang Xingcheng and Gao Jifu in the fourth year of Yonghui, the phenomenon of the nobles in charge of the country reappeared in the imperial court. However, it is intolerable for feudal emperors to rule the country by courtiers. Sun Chang Wuji and Chu Suiliang did not know how to converge in the Gaozong Dynasty, which attracted a lot of hatred. In the sixth year of Yonghui, after Tang Gaozong wanted to abolish the queen and establish Wu Zetian, Sun Chang Wuji and others resolutely opposed it, which showed the hostile relationship with Wu Zetian and cut off the possibility of Wu Zetian's wooing. However, Li Ji, an equally trusted official, performed differently. The emperor asked for his advice. Li Ji said: "Your Majesty's family affairs, why ask more outsiders!" The deadlock is over, and the emperor's idea has been decided. In fact, Li Ji's performance in this matter is not necessarily his real thoughts, which only represents the resistance of ministers from ordinary backgrounds to Sun Chang Wuji Group in Courtiers, and also shows Emperor Gaozong and Wu Zetian a new force inside and outside the imperial court. On the first day of November, the sixth year of Yonghui, Si Ji presided over the enthronement ceremony of the new queen. Sun Chang Wuji was excluded from the incident of abolishing legislation, which marked the loss of the core position of Guanlong Group in dynasty politics. Since then, Guanlong Noble Group has withdrawn from the historical stage of China. At the end of the Han dynasty, the aristocratic families in Wei and Jin dynasties had a great influence, and most of the celebrities came from or were politically combined with their own classes.

Because of the life experience of his eunuch family, Cao Cao is generally not respected by celebrities, so he has repeatedly issued the order of "appointing people on merit" and selected those who are despised by celebrities but have the skill of governing the country and using troops. However, Cao Cao not only did not generally deny the moral standards emphasized by aristocratic families, but also attached great importance to the dispute between celebrities. After Cao Cao's death, before Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor on behalf of the Han Dynasty, he adopted Chen Qun's Nine-Graded Method, that is, the Nine-Graded Method. At the beginning of the implementation, the decision-making power of scholars' character was in the hands of the government. The government chose public opinion and evaluated the quality according to the quality of talents, which somewhat changed the situation that celebrities judged ethics and manipulated elections in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. In the Western Jin Dynasty, the Zheng Zhi system of the Ninth Class was still used, but Zheng Zhi generally only paid attention to the titles and official positions of the families being assessed, and paid little attention to the real talents, which failed to play a role in selecting talents, so that there were no poor people in the top grade and no gentry in the bottom grade, and the Zheng Zhi of the Ninth Class was made as a tool to consolidate the strength of the gentry. In the Western Jin Dynasty, it was stipulated that senior officials and dignitaries should occupy the land according to their official titles, and the private dependence on farmers was recognized in the form of decrees nationwide. Although the law stipulates the number of households exempted from state tax and corvee, in the case of occupying a large number of fields, the dependent population of senior officials and dignitaries engaged in labor must be more than the law stipulates. On the basis of occupying a large amount of land and dependent population, the families of senior officials and hereditary titles after the later Han and Cao Wei had a special superior position in politics, economy and society, forming a noble family. After the demise of the Western Jin Dynasty, the Eastern Jin Dynasty was established with the support of the gentry. However, there are complex contradictions within the ruling class, such as the northern gentry and the southern gentry, the upper and lower classes of the northern gentry, the Sima royal family and the overseas Chinese family, various clans, and the central and local governments (Yangzhou and Jingzhou). During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the gentry dominated politics. Huan Xuan once overthrew Sima's rule, became emperor by himself, and was killed after his failure.

During the Southern Dynasties, Emperor Wu of Song Wudi absorbed the long-standing disadvantages of the Eastern Jin dictatorship, the weakness of imperial power and the separatist regime in Fangcheng, trying to strengthen the imperial power. Therefore, although the social and economic advantages of the aristocratic families in the Southern Dynasties remained unchanged, they not only owned a large number of fields, but also closed mountains and occupied water, implemented manor economy, and occupied vast fields, mountains and rivers and a large number of dependent populations attached to the land, but the actual military and political power was greatly weakened, and the political power was mainly out of their hands. In the Southern Dynasties, the distinction between scholars and ordinary people was very strict, and scholars maintained the gate system through official channels and marriage relations, forming a closed group. Officials living in gentry are all considered "honest officials" and generally don't care about political affairs. There are also high and low gentry, and they generally don't marry. Some official positions held by the lower gentry were despised by the upper gentry. The Hou Jing Rebellion dealt a heavy blow to the aristocratic families.

Sanctified for three years, west Wei Jun captured Jiangling, captured tens of thousands of well-dressed cremation, and drove them to Chang 'an to be handmaiden. This is a heavy blow to the southern gentry. In the Chen Dynasty, no matter whether the overseas Chinese were gentry or Jiangnan gentry, they not only did nothing politically, but also their social prestige and economic status plummeted.

In a word, Guanlong nobles rose in the late Northern Wei Dynasty, and the political and military groups that monopolized the political power by virtue of the government military system flourished in the Western Wei Dynasty, the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and declined in the "Abolition of the King" incident in the early years. The gentry rose in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, flourished in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, and declined in the "post-Beijing rebellion" in the last years of Liang Wudi.