Guiding methods of advanced Chinese writing in primary schools

The composition of primary school students is actually "writing" or "doing". Before writing, let our students consciously increase the accumulation of written language, expression, writing materials and expression experience in their life and study. The following is a guide to high-level Chinese writing in primary schools, which I compiled for you. I hope it will help you. Welcome to read the reference study!

1 Guidance method for Chinese writing in primary schools

First, stimulate interest and promote writing like Syaraku.

As the saying goes, "Interest is the best teacher." In order to make students want to write and like to write every time, teachers must enhance students' self-confidence and stimulate students' interest. Students who are interested in composition will have the desire to write. However, under the new curriculum reform, many teachers still wear new shoes and stick to the rules, and often put forward many requirements, such as what kind of style to write, what kind of content to write, and a lot of thinking.

They will be extremely worried that writing this will not meet the requirements and writing there is not appropriate. Over time, students are unconsciously afraid of writing, so how can we make students like writing? The author thinks: first, dilute the proposition and advocate free expression. Let students have free space, let students collect materials freely and express freely. Second, dilute the style. The requirements of primary school Chinese curriculum standards are: to be able to write down what you see, feel and want, and to practice writing simple narratives and commonly used practical articles.

Students should write what they think, feel and see in person, which is the theme of primary school students' composition. Simply put, it is to let students write down what they see, hear, think and feel. As long as the sentences are fluent and express certain ideas, try to give students high marks in their compositions. Only by adhering to this method for a long time can students like composition.

Second, step by step and strengthen basic training.

The composition of primary school students is actually "writing" or "doing". We should let students know clearly that homework is to write words and express what they want to say in words. This is composition. Teachers should give guidance when they begin to learn to write a composition in the lower grades. In the higher grades, students should write their own compositions as much as possible, so that students can "write what they think" and achieve the goal of "I write my heart by hand". Don't frame students' thinking, otherwise students will have nothing to write, only lies and empty words can fill in the blanks.

Focusing on students' writing, teachers should do the following five basic trainings in a down-to-earth manner:

The first is word training. Let students read widely, and read a lot from the lower grades. Let the students contact their familiar things and their own life reality, read in daily life, and combine word learning with oral English training. The second is sentence training. There are only two forms of sentences: either "how" or "who does what". Teachers should let students finish sentences first, and then make them concrete.

Teachers can ask students to practice speaking and writing a sentence with four complete elements: time, place, people and events. The third is the training of the workshop section. Pupils combine four segments: the development of things is a sequential segment, time is a sequential segment, spatial transformation is a sequential segment, and structural segments are summarized and divided. No matter what kind of paragraph, it describes the development of things and people's understanding of things, that is, the content and the center of the paragraph.

Like a sentence, it is also a description of people, things, things and scenery, and it also expresses a meaning. Just to make a sentence clearer and deeper. The fourth is text training. A chapter consists of paragraphs. By examining the topic selection, conception, material selection, planning, knowledge and methods, the beginning and end of the article, transition and echo methods, we can learn to write narrative and practical articles with clear center, complete meaning expression and proper details. The fifth is life scene training. Use on-site training to better understand writing from the content.

In addition, you can also carry out various activities inside and outside the school, such as skipping rope, tug-of-war, kicking shuttlecock, ball games, endorsement competitions, etc., and learn how to write competition compositions; Carry out voluntary labor inside and outside the school and learn how to write labor scenes; Hold poetry recitals and lectures to learn how to write conference scenes and experiences; Learn how to write travel notes and travel notes by visiting and browsing places of interest. Learn to observe methods and pay attention to things around you. "Pay attention to everything and you will learn. The cultivation of human feelings is the article." Through on-site life composition, I further realized that life is fertile ground for composition. So as to learn to describe things, express true feelings, cultivate the sentiments of truth, goodness and beauty, and cultivate a good style of writing.

Third, accumulate materials and make a good knowledge reserve.

As the saying goes, "A clever woman can't cook without rice." Before writing, you must have some accumulation and reserves. In other words, before writing, our students should consciously increase the accumulation of written language, expression methods, writing materials and expression experience in life and study.

The first is the accumulation of written language. As we all know, students use spoken English in their daily life. Although spoken and written language are inextricably linked and have many similarities or similarities, written language is more refined and accurate than spoken language. For example, we can usually use "this, this, that, that" and other meaningless things to speak, but when it comes to written expression, you have to remove these things. In addition, in oral communication, the movements, expressions and demeanor of both sides do not need to be introduced.

Because everyone was present, it was clear at a glance. But when writing an article, you have to explain something. It can be seen that both written language and the use of written language need to be accumulated. The written language here at least includes standardized words, interesting two-part allegorical sayings, figurative metaphors, famous sayings, healthy jingles, allusions, aphorisms and proverbs. To build a house, we should prepare building materials and make articles. This house naturally needs a reserve of written language. So teachers should pay attention to consciously guide children to strengthen this accumulation.

The second is the accumulation of expressions. Because written expression is presented in words, it is different from oral expression, for example, different expression styles are different. How to write a narrative, how to write a letter, and how to write a note all have problems with the style of writing. The accumulation of expression is to read a lot of extracurricular books, so that students can get nutrition from them.

When reading, we must use the method of comparison, restore the method of life, and experience the subtlety of words and sentences. By increasing nutrition through imagination, you can imagine a sentence or full text with beautiful artistic conception, and realize where the "material" of the beauty of artistic conception in the text is. "Materials" are in our lives. As long as you feel, experience and express with your heart, you will be able to write a good article.

The third is the accumulation of writing materials. "Ask where the canal is so clear, because there is flowing water from the source". The canal is clear and the literary life is rich. Life is the source of creation. Without life, "a clever woman can't cook without rice." Paying attention to the life around you and carefully observing the things around you is an important way for students to collect "Jin Lang" in life and get composition materials. Therefore, in order to write a good composition and make it meaningful, there must be a process of finding "source" and "material", which is a process of collecting, perceiving, experiencing, accumulating and combing the composition materials, and a process of emotional germination and brewing. In this link, only by letting students practice, operate, observe, analyze, think, analyze and even smell can they get "first-hand" writing materials and attract a steady stream of composition "flowing water".

1, looking for "material" in subject learning

It is a child's nature to love painting. Therefore, sometimes according to the composition topic, let the children draw and map themselves, design and appreciate themselves, and accumulate writing materials. Then they will have something to write and feelings to express, and the written composition will be concrete, substantial, vivid and interesting.

For example, once students were asked to write "My yard" in the order of orientation. Some children said that they lived in a suite and there was no yard at home. I will let the children draw a picture first and design an ideal yard for their home. The children are very excited. They drew flowers, trees, rockeries, creepers and grape vines around the yard. A bunch of purple grapes makes your mouth water. They can draw whatever they like, and the idealized yard makes people applaud. After that, let them begin to describe the yard. They have pictures in front of them and feelings in their chests. Why should they worry about having no materials?

2. Embrace nature and find the "source"

When writing "Spring", I created opportunities for children to throw themselves into the broad embrace of nature, embrace nature, read nature, appreciate nature, suck the milk of nature, absorb writing materials extensively, and enrich their writing database. Nature is the embodiment of beauty. Walking into nature, scenes are all paintings. As long as we open our eyes and ears, we can discover the beauty of nature and capture the writing materials.

3, into the social classroom to find "living water"

Ye Lao said: "Writing is inseparable from life. To what extent can life be enriched, what words will be created. " Therefore, our composition teaching should also break through the closed circle and extend beyond the classroom to connect with life and society. When writing A Man I Worship, I mobilized students to find touching stories around them, first through oral communication, and then writing. Life is like a source, and articles are like streams. The source is rich, and the stream is naturally lively. Indeed, with vivid and rich materials, students' compositions are so vivid, rich and full of aura, both in title and content.

4. Looking for "rice" from life practice

On weekends, guide students to participate in life practice, experience the ups and downs of life, and give children some special homework-"Today I am the host, I am a small traffic policeman, I am also a shop assistant, and I am a small environmental guardian ... It is self-evident that the composition written afterwards is rich and interesting, and the feelings, insights and gains in these activities are beyond the reach of the classroom.

The fourth is to express the accumulation of experience. Besides the above, we should also pay attention to the reserve of students' writing experience. We often say that there is no way to write a composition, and writing more is the best way. I think this is a wise saying to improve writing ability. Writing, like reading, forms writing ability in writing practice. Take the most basic exercise ability, such as how to define the writing requirements, the theme to be expressed and so on. You can't solve it by understanding any concepts and memorizing those terms. Students' writing is like learning to drive. "If you really learn to drive, you will understand everything after driving100000 kilometers." It can be said that the ability to write is similar to learning to drive, and it is also acquired in the process of practice. I think it is very important to reform our writing teaching, that is, to create conditions for children to write more happily. I'm afraid I can't practice my real writing skills if I only write seven or eight times a semester.

Four, with the help of teaching materials, method guidance.

Text is the best model essay. Teachers should use representative words to guide students' writing methods, so that students have rules to follow and the effect is self-evident. Below I take how to describe the details of characters as an example, and how to combine words for writing guidance. The next day, I asked him to catch birds. He said, "This can't be done. It must be snowing heavily. It snows in our sand. I swept out a clearing, set up a big bamboo plaque with a short stick, and paved the valley. When the bird came to eat, I just pulled the rope tied to the stick at a distance, and the bird was covered under the bamboo plaque.

Everything: rice chicken, horn chicken, herring owl, blue back ... "How to grasp the detailed description of these movements in this paragraph and show the image of a witty, brave, smart, lively and lovely rural teenager to readers?" At this time, the teacher can let the students practice writing and write a description of someone you are familiar with. I believe the students will have something to write. The action description of the characters is only one aspect of the detailed description of the characters. Students can also highlight the characteristics of the characters according to the detailed description of their appearance, language, manners, movements and psychological activities in the text.

For example, the fragments describing the psychological activities of the sauna among the poor, the language of Zhang Ga in Private Zhang Ga, and the appearance and movements of his father behind him can all be imitated by students. Teachers can give guidance by asking questions step by step, refining actions and skillfully using rhetoric, so that children can have something to write and articles can be more vivid and interesting. For example, the teacher gave the students a sentence to write: I saw a little girl, young, thin and poorly dressed.

The teacher can ask the students step by step: How old is this girl? How thin is it? How badly dressed is it? Students can describe it according to this question: I saw a little girl, about eight or nine years old, with a thin and pale face, purple lips with cold, short hair, worn-out clothes and sandals barefoot. Before and after the comparison, it is found that the articles written after this question are much more specific. For another example, the teacher made such a sentence and asked the students to write down this action in detail: she picked up the bowl and ate it. How to refine the action of this sentence, the teacher can guide it like this: how does she carry the bowl? How was the food? Let the students speak first and then write it down. Under the guidance of the teacher, all the students have something to write.

Different students have different ways of eating. Health 1: She carefully picked up the bowl, picked a few leaves, slowly sent them to the corners of her mouth, shyly opened the cherry mouth, and quickly closed it, like an old loom, slowly and orderly, occasionally wiping the residual oil on her lips with a napkin. Health 2: She quickly picked up the enamel bowl, picked up some chopsticks and dishes, and sent them to her mouth together with the dishes. Three times five divided by two, she ate a big bowl of rice at once. Sheng 1 depicts the image of a shy girl, and Sheng 2 depicts the image of a rude man who is extremely hungry. Through this comparison, students will know how to write articles concretely. If the teacher properly guides the clever use of rhetorical methods in the article, the article will come alive and achieve the finishing touch.

Fifth, set up a good shelf and clarify the writing process.

Composition is a complex cognitive process, and it is a comprehensive training for students to use language, reflect objective reality, express their thoughts and feelings and cultivate their writing ability. Therefore, in writing, teachers should pay attention to guiding students to understand the general process of writing.

The synthesis process can be summarized as the following four steps:

The first step, preparation-including examination, conception, material selection, activation and accumulation;

The second step, conception-including writing an outline, organizing materials and selecting details;

The third step is drafting-including wording, sentence making, chapter writing, etc.

The fourth step, the final draft-including content addition and deletion, structural adjustment, text modification and copying the final draft.

To sum up, students' writing process is a cyclical process of preparation, conception, drafting and finalization. Teachers should guide students to make a detailed analysis and let them know the whole process of writing.

Six, bold decentralization, self-evaluation guidance.

Through the revision and analysis of typical articles with diseases, let students know how to correct them well. Therefore, before "self-correction", teachers should browse the students' exercises, understand the common problems in the exercises, and select representative articles in combination with the training focus of this exercise to prepare for evaluation and guidance. Exercises with typical problems can be used as "mirrors" to guide students to find problems and find "correction points"; Then take students' virtue as a "guide" to guide students to find a "good prescription" and realize the review method.

Finally, let students "be doctors" and "prescribe prescriptions" for their own diseases to learn from each other's strengths. When revising, they can "cure minor ailments", "perform major surgery" and "start over". The self-revised composition is "brand-new", which really gives people a refreshing feeling. Over time, we can not only gradually cultivate students' ability to correct their own compositions, but also develop the habit of actively correcting them.

Composition evaluation should be based on the requirements of different grades, different compositions and students' cognitive rules, and put forward different specific contents and requirements: or comment on sentence paragraphs, or comment on article structure, or comment on writing methods, or comment on central ideas ... from easy to difficult, from simple to complex, step by step. These contents should be trained one by one first, and then evaluated selectively or comprehensively. Students can imitate the teacher's comments first. Teachers demonstrate and guide students to understand "what to evaluate", "how to evaluate" and "why to evaluate like this"

Through the way of "model" display, let students know the evaluation method first, with examples to imitate and "rules" to follow, and then imitate their own or deskmate's or partner's composition, practice composition evaluation, and then understand and improve it in "actual combat practice". Through purposeful and step-by-step composition evaluation, students can understand the gains and losses in the evaluation process, learn to write, learn to revise and learn to evaluate, and at the same time improve their ability of independent thinking, language discrimination and appreciation.

2. Guiding methods of high-level Chinese writing in primary schools

First, grasp reading.

Reading includes in-class reading and extracurricular reading. The first is reading in class. When we talk about each text, in order to let students understand the content, thoughts and feelings of the text, we should also give students guidance on writing methods, such as highlighting how the central author chooses materials; How the author of the article who writes the notes of the characters vividly writes the article through the movements, language, demeanor and psychological activities of the characters; How do landscape articles mobilize various senses through eyes, hearing, nose and smell to describe the scenery beautifully?

Followed by extracurricular reading, because students read less and accumulate less, the composition will have nothing to say and the sentences will be dull. In this regard, we must first cultivate students' interest in reading, which should also start from the classroom. When reading the text, we should use various forms to stimulate students' interest in reading. In addition, we should pay attention to the recommendation of extracurricular reading materials. For students in grade three, we should recommend some interesting stories with strong stories and moderate difficulty; For example, fairy tales and fables are used to arouse students' interest in reading, and then gradually to composition books, science and technology books, and then to novels, newspapers and periodicals. Interest is the best teacher. With interest, they don't worry about not reading, read more, broaden their horizons and enrich their knowledge. They will be handy when writing a composition, which can be described as "reading thousands of books and writing like a god."

Second, grasp the revision.

The American writer Codwell once said that "a good composition is changed, not written". There is also the origin of the word "scrutiny", which shows the importance of composition revision. There are different ways to express the same meaning, so we revise our composition to find the most suitable way. Most of our classmates only read the composition once, and some even don't read it once, which will lead to jokes that we often make when correcting compositions with inappropriate sentences and punctuation. Some compositions can be read from students' vague expressions, with good materials and sincere feelings. However, due to the problem of expression, they are always uncomfortable to read. Such a composition, as long as we guide students and revise it well, will certainly be a masterpiece.

Beginners in grade three may wish to correct a few items collectively. In a composition class, I showed a typical student composition with defects in sentences, punctuation and words, and revised it with the students. I found that students can modify it! They are very talkative and correct the mistakes in this composition one by one. The revised article is very different from the original, it is simply two compositions! After collective revision, students not only mastered the method of revising their compositions, but also understood the importance of revising their compositions. In the future, students can seriously revise their compositions, and some even ask their classmates for help to revise them, so the effect of the compositions has suddenly changed qualitatively.

Third, seize the comments.

Composition evaluation is also particularly important in composition guidance. I try to arrange my composition class in two consecutive classes. One class talks about writing, and the other class reviews the composition (the first draft) to show typical articles. Teachers and students * * * find out the advantages and disadvantages, analyze the reasons, and let other students change what they have in their compositions, so as to foster strengths and avoid weaknesses. It is more conducive to the improvement of students' overall composition level.

3. Guiding methods of high-level Chinese writing in primary schools

1, read the works of excellent writers

This is obvious, but it is an immediate method. If you don't read more good works, you don't know how to write better works. A good writer starts with reading other people's excellent works, then imitates them, and finally transcends them to form his own style. Read as many books as possible, and then pay more attention to the problems and writing skills of the article when reading the content.

2. Write as much as possible

Write every day, if possible, several times a day. You write too much, so you write well. Learning how to write is the same as other learning principles. Practice makes perfect. Write yourself, blog and contribute to the publishing house. Just write and write wholeheartedly. The more you practice, the faster your writing level will improve.

3. Write down your inspiration anytime and anywhere.

Take a small notebook with you (Nabokov is full of small cards), and when you have any inspiration for your novel, article or characters in the novel, write it down immediately. When you hear all the epiphany from other people's conversations and see a prose poem or a lyric that moves you, you can write it down immediately. Inspiration is always fleeting. If you record it in time, it can be the material for your writing. My habit is to make a list of articles for my blog and keep adding them.

4. Special writing time

Find an uninterrupted time every day as a special writing time and get into the habit. For me, early morning is the best time, lunch, evening, or late at night. Take writing as a task that must be completed every day, and write for at least half an hour every day. Of course, one hour is better. Please don't worry, it will only make you write better.

5. Graffiti casually

Faced with a blank sheet of paper and a blank screen, there is no way to start. It must be horrible. You will think: I'd better check my email or take a nap! Please don't do this. Start writing at once, type at once, it doesn't matter what you write, just let me hear you type. But once you start writing, everything will be easy. Like me, I like to type my own name and article title first, which should not be difficult, and then slowly unfold the plot and immerse myself in it ... The key is: just write casually and doodle casually, but start writing immediately.

Step 6 focus (attention)

Writing is a single-minded thing, and it is impossible to write well in a noisy environment or doing other things at the same time. Writing needs a quiet environment and a little soft background music. This is even the minimum requirement. You need to write without other distractions and clean up useless things on your desk. Eliminate all distractions that have nothing to do with writing. Now it's time to write, just like putting yourself in a box and entering the writing state without interruption.

7. Plan before writing

This seems to be somewhat contradictory to "scribbling casually", but it is not. It is very useful to make a plan or rehearse the plot in your mind before you sit down to write formally.

What do you want to write when you run every day, or brainstorm when you walk; Then write down your thoughts and make a brief outline; When you are really ready to start writing, you can start quickly because you have ideas and ideas.

8. Innovation and innovation

Just because you need to imitate a famous artist doesn't mean you have to write exactly the same. You can try new ways of writing, learn a little from here and there, and gradually, you will have your own style, style and ideas. Try some different expressions and create some different expressions. You can try every method and see what it is like. If it is not good, don't use it.

9, modify

You start to conceive your words, then try to write them, let the story unfold, and finally you need to go back and see what you wrote. This is very important. Once written, many writers don't want to revise it. It takes time and energy to write and time to revise. This is really a thankless job. But if you want to write better, you must learn how to revise it. Good works are made after repeated scrutiny and revision, which will make your works stand out from mediocrity. Look at what you have written, not only those spelling and grammar mistakes, but also those meaningless words, chaotic structures and chaotic sentences. The goal of revision is: clearer, more direct and more vivid.

10, concise and to the point

This is the most important thing in your review process. In a word, delete all irrelevant topics paragraph by paragraph. A short sentence is more convincing than long nonsense, and vernacular is more popular than obscure technical terms. Remember: simplicity is power.

1 1, an infectious sentence

Use infectious verbs in short sentences. Of course, this is not required in every sentence. You need to change it. However, try more attractive sentences. In addition, you don't have to wait until you want to modify it. You should consider this problem when you first start writing.

12, get feedback from others

There is no progress behind closed doors. Let others read your article and give you feedback. They will give you pertinent and insightful advice. Listen carefully, even if it is some criticism, accept it. Advice when most needed is least heeded will make you write better.

13, is it a mule or a horse going out for a walk?

As far as you are concerned, you need to let others read your work. You don't want anyone to read your work. Everyone reads your article. You want to publish your short stories and poems and contribute them to the publishing house. If you have started blogging, congratulations, it's a good start.

Adopt a conversational style

Many people write very formally, but I find it best to write as fluently and popularly as we speak. In this way, readers will look more comfortable. It's not easy to write like this at first, so you need to stick to it. Perhaps, it will bring another problem. In order to read more colloquially, you need to break some grammar rules. Because if you copy grammar mechanically, it will make your article look unnatural. But if there is no other reason, don't violate the grammar rules. You need to know what you are doing and why you are doing it.

15, from beginning to end

The beginning and the end are the key points of the article, especially the beginning. If you can't attract readers at the beginning of the story, it will be difficult for them to have the patience to read the whole article. So spend more time thinking about how to write a good beginning. Once readers are interested in your beginning, they will want to know more ... writing the beginning and making a wonderful ending will make readers look forward to your next masterpiece.

4. Guiding methods of high-level Chinese writing in primary schools

First, establish children's confidence in writing.

Children are unfamiliar with composition, so we should help primary school students build their confidence in writing. In terms of proposition, we should give children as much space as possible and let them play freely, and the scope of proposition should be as wide as possible.

Second, recommend some suitable reading books.

Now, there are many kinds of extracurricular books. We can recommend some books that can broaden children's knowledge, celebrity books, history books, scientific research books, etc., so that children can collect some wonderful sentences or fragments when reading, form a good habit of reading secretary's notes, apply what they have learned, and perhaps improve their writing level.

Third, improve children's reading effect.

Although some children have read a lot of books, their overall Chinese literacy has not improved significantly. What is the reason? In fact, after careful observation, these children are not studying hard, but reading topics of interest based on their own interests. At this time, if someone can guide children to fully mobilize their attention, memory, observation and imagination in reading, and combine reading, thinking and writing, it will be more conducive to children's accumulation in thinking and language writing.

Fourth, we should pay attention to the combination of reading and writing.

The combination of reading and writing is to combine reading with imitation, read more consciously, acquire knowledge extensively, read excellent sentences several times, even recite them, understand the meaning of sentences and turn them into their own use. Second, learn to imitate writing. In the third grade, students should be allowed to write freely, strictly trained and required, and gradually form good writing ability. Whatever you write, you must be able to express it accurately and clearly. So reading and writing can migrate to each other. Therefore, students can be guided to imitate the author's writing ideas in the model essay, and the methods of conception, material selection, article planning, sentence-making by sections, word selection, beginning, ending and transition can be applied to their own writing.

Five, pay attention to the combination with other disciplines

Composition teaching can not be simply regarded as a matter of Chinese subject. Teachers should be conscientious, not only giving each composition tutorial seriously. Moreover, we should always pay attention to the combination with other disciplines and seize the opportunity to guide writing in time.