How to express the relationship between Don Quixote and Sancho in Don Quixote

Don Quixote and Sancho Panza are two immortal artistic images created by Cervantes, a Spanish literary master, with realistic creation techniques, which still have unique value even in the 2 1 century. Among them, Don Quixote, the hero of the novel, and Sancho Panza, his servant, are complementary roles. When describing their rangers' career, the author widely used the methods of comparison and exaggeration, and repeatedly emphasized some of their characteristics from appearance to personality, forming a sharp contrast. Sancho's apparent stupidity and Don Quixote's madness have achieved unique artistic effects.

The contrast between Don Quixote and Sancho Panza in various aspects not only enhances the interest of the story; Taken together, it can be considered as the contradictory unity of ideal and reality in the human spiritual world.

Their identity contrast: Don Quixote was born in nobility and was a Lord; Sancho Panza was born in poverty and was a servant.

Their figure contrast: Don Quixote is tall and thin; Sancho Panza is short and thick.

Their "costumes" contrast: Don Quixote was dressed as an untimely ancient knight riding a thin horse; Sancho Panza dressed up as the Romans do and rode a round donkey.

Comparison of their thoughts: Don Quixote is the embodiment of humanistic ideal spirit; Sancho Panza is a model of realism.

Their personalities are compared: Don Quixote is sublime to madness; Sancho Panza is vulgar and mercenary.

..... There are many contrasts between them, but when they walked together, they left two eternal images in the treasure house of world literature that have survived the storms of the times and still maintained their distinct nature! Don Quixote is not only an immortal artistic image, but also a typical spirit created by literati, just like Ah Q written by Lu Xun. He is "not afraid of rape, not a martyr", dressed as a ranger, determined to sweep away human injustice, which is a typical idealistic tragedy of unrealistic humanists. His motivation is full of lofty idealism. He is an advanced figure, a positive hero image in European literary works, "a good man image and an excellent character image". However, due to the conflict between action and objective reality, he has become a "madman" with tragic factors and lofty spiritual realm.

The guiding ideology of Don Quixote's Ranger Adventures is based on his dissatisfaction with reality. He wants to revive Gankun, eager to eradicate rape, rehabilitate grievances, remedy mistakes, reform abuses, help the weak and help the poor, punish evil and promote good; But he applied the chivalrous spirit of the feudal period to the period of the rise of capitalism. Therefore, he made an anachronism, not to help others relieve difficulties, but to bring disasters to people, such as treating sheep as an army and slaves as victims of knights. Ironically, he scolded a landlord to save a child, but after he left, the child was beaten a hundred times heavier than before ... Don Quixote's kind motives led to harmful consequences. However, the noble quality in his character, that is, putting his own safety at risk in pursuit of justice and ideals, and the spirit of willing to sacrifice his life for society is also reflected.

Don Quixote's thought with humanistic characteristics is the expression of the advanced nature of his thoughts and viewpoints, which reflects the progressive requirements of Spanish society at that time. He objected to the old idea that the measure of a person is not his position and origin, but his quality. He opposed slavery and exploitation and advocated human freedom. He affirmed secular love, opposed asceticism and advocated an equal view of love; He believes that the law protects working people from hunger and cold and has plenty of food and clothing. Regarding the concept of society, he fantasizes about a peaceful and prosperous society without exploitation and selfishness. In a word, his thought is both idealistic and materialistic.

Don Quixote's personality is complex, rich and multifaceted. His personality contradictions are reflected in the social contradictions in Spain at the turn of the old and the new, and these contradictions are reflected in his specific actions. Don Quixote is consistent in words and deeds, and has the courage and persuasiveness to fight for his ideals. He is brave, persistent and not afraid of sacrifice, but he is sometimes awake and sometimes confused. When he was confused, he pursued the ideal realm with chivalrous spirit, single-handedly killed the society and became an exaggerated, funny and comedy character-a "madman". However, the result of killing all of them ended in failure; When he was awake, he had profound common sense and unique insights, shining with the brilliance of humanism. Before he died, he repented and told his niece "Never marry someone who has read knight novels". This practical action expressed his rational consciousness.

What is worth thinking in the works is this: Is the knight novel harmful to Don Quixote or does it deviate from Don Quixote's subjective world? The vast sea of people, all sentient beings, all sentient beings we face are ever-changing; The objective world we live in is rich and colorful. It is not an objective thing, but a subjective understanding.

Now, let's take a closer look at Sancho Panza.

Sancho Panza is kind, simple, optimistic and funny, and likes to eat. He was the representative of the Spanish peasant masses at that time. Although he was only a "supporting role", he followed Don Quixote all the way to perform a human comedy, leaving a shining artistic style everywhere!

His greatest feature is pragmatism, clear-headed, less fantasy, and judgment on reality, which Don Quixote does not have. Therefore, he always curses Chivalrous Dao, and even plays tricks on his master-casually identifies four village girls as Princess Neya and her maid in Dursi.

Due to his class limitations, he is short-sighted, narrow-minded, selfish and loves to take advantage of small things. I just want to be a governor and let his hunchbacked wife sit in a shiny carriage. This reflects his weakness as a small private owner.

He has the wit, kindness and optimism of a Spanish farmer. He gradually overcame the consciousness of small farmers, gradually broadened his horizons with Don Quixote, and gradually changed and progressed his thoughts. Don Quixote's moral character and humanistic ideal attracted him. During his tenure as governor, he was loyal to his duties, honest and clean, and solved cases like a god. He became an image of a progressive farmer who followed humanists, which reflected the writer's democratic spirit. It also shows the world that once a narrow-minded person is edified by lofty ideals, his spiritual world will shine brilliantly!

Don Quixote, the first hero of Don Quixote, is a heroic knight and an idealist. The second hero, Sancho, is a pragmatic and timid hillbilly. At first glance, this idea is based on contrast, but it has evolved into a complex and vivid similarity, and the development of this idea is one of the exquisite achievements of this genius work. Sancho, in a sense, is a variation of Don Quixote's personality. There are almost many similar examples in great works of art, such as Laertes and Fortinbras to Hamlet, or Gross to King Lear, Sancho and Don Quixote, which highlights the main characters and enriches the overall idea. Both of them are endowed with rich rational talents. They are smart in Don Quixote and experienced in Sancho. Once, they were keen on deceiving themselves. As a result, their thoughts and lives became disordered and unstable. But for Don Quixote, this self-deception revolves around the core of glory symbolized by Dulcinea, while for Sancho, his self-deception revolves around the core of material pursuit symbolized by mainland island. The words of the parish priest are not meaningless ... we will see the significance of this absurd system. Such knights and such retinues make people think that they are all cast in the same mold; As a matter of fact, the madness of the master is worthless without the stupidity of his followers, because in fact, Don Quixote and Sancho are real brothers, and their creators were conceived according to the same pattern. "As can be seen from this passage, the creator and reader of this book initially constructed the master-servant relationship between Sancho and Don Quixote in a comparative structure. The opposition between master and servant is self-evident, but in fact it only reflects the surface or static side of personality. From the perspective of in-depth development, it is more obvious that the glorious side of Sancho's character is the similarity between him and Don Quixote. Nabokov called Don Quixote and Sancho real brothers because they have many things in common, such as their innocence and ignorance of the world. Persistence in things, the same negation; There is an idealistic spirit in them. Sancho's materialism is self-evident, but his idealism cannot be ignored. Sancho's rationalism spirit has been fully demonstrated in his work as the governor of the island. This part is the most tacit understanding and successful part between Don Quixote and Sancho's master and servant, and it is also the best place to show that master and servant are buddies. Although this experience only came from a game, the master and servant who were teased and kept in the dark played their roles very seriously: before taking office, Don Quixote told Sancho how to be an official and how to live for the official, while Sancho listened to his master's teachings and assured him that he would rather go to heaven as Sancho than go to hell as governor. At this time, Sancho is so different from Sancho who followed his master to go out. He only regards being the governor of the island as a way to satisfy his material desires, so that Don Quixote praises him for his "good nature" and "being the governor of a thousand islands"; After taking office, Sancho can live up to his master's entrustment and trust. He just wants to work hard, regardless of any false name and real benefit. When people called him "Don Sancho", he said bluntly, "I don't call him" Don ".My family has never had this name for generations. My name is Sancho? 6? 1 Pan Sha; My father's name is Sancho, and both of them are Pan Sha. There is no "Don" or "Donna". It seems that there are more halls than stones on this island. But it doesn't matter. God knows, if I can be governor for four days, I may sweep away these' don't's. "This is even higher than his master's side, which is his practicality and reality, and his down-to-earth spirit of doing things. He handled his official duties fairly, and with his intuition and wisdom, he judged three very difficult cases fairly and wisely, so that everyone compared him to the famous wise king Solomon in Israeli history. When he visited the island, everything he said and did was so reasonable that the general manager who followed him had to admire him: "Governor, what you said is very reasonable. I know you are ignorant, but I didn't expect you to be full of good advice. Neither the duke nor we thought of your ability. "Here we can see that Sancho has surpassed the identity of ordinary farmers, showing his different potential from ordinary farmers. When Sancho was teased and insisted on resigning, he was proud of "'I was born naked, and I am still naked, I didn't suffer, I didn't take advantage'"; In other words, I didn't bring a penny when I took office, and I didn't bring a penny when I left office, which is very different from the outgoing governors on other islands. " "In addition, I only walked naked, and there is no other evidence that I am an angelic official." So that the people who played tricks on him listened to his parting words, "everyone was surprised that he could stay awake and retire." At this time, Sancho has surpassed materialistic Sancho and become an increasingly perfect person with idealistic spirit, who can combine ideals with reality and daily life.

As many critics have seen: "Sancho, Don Quixote's attendant, is also gradually enriching. At first we only saw him stupid, and gradually we saw him stupid. But he is very grateful to his master for his kindness. Knowing that it is inevitable to follow a madman, he is still loyal and refuses to deviate from his master. " We say that he knows how to be grateful and that he would rather suffer than be loyal to his master. None of this can be concealed by stupidity and ignorance, nor can it be explained by materialism and utilitarianism. This just shows that Sancho also has valuable qualities that we have been ignoring. These qualities are born to him, and more should be inspired by the spirit of Don Quixote. In any case, these qualities actually exist in him, which is also an important factor why Sancho is Sancho.

Don Quixote and Sancho Panza reflect the development of Spanish humanism at the end of 16 and the beginning of 17, and reflect the progressive requirements of Spanish society at that time. Putting these two artistic images in the 2 1 century can also enlighten people: the new and new human beings in the new century need the ideal spirit of humanism, but they also need the spirit of pragmatism. If the ideal is divorced from reality, it can only be an unrealistic dream and even turn itself into a joke; On the contrary, people with pragmatic spirit should be open-minded and bold, otherwise they will only become outcasts of the times.