What is the difference between internal medicine and surgery?

For the distinction between internal medicine and surgery, many people are really confused about whether to see internal medicine or surgery when registering.

Is the disease of a part, such as stomachache, to see a doctor or a surgeon?

Most people think that diseases invisible to the body surface depend on internal medicine, while surgery is visible; If you don't need surgery, go to the internal medicine department. If you want to have an operation, do it.

In fact, the composition of internal surgery in most hospitals is divided into different departments according to the human body system and internal surgery according to different diagnosis and treatment methods.

For example, internal medicine includes respiratory medicine, gastroenterology, cardiovascular medicine, neurology, endocrinology, hematology, infectious diseases, pediatrics and so on.

Medical treatment methods, drugs, interventional therapy, etc. Adjust drugs according to the patient's condition to prevent and deal with side effects and complications.

Surgery is mainly divided into general surgery, cardiothoracic surgery, hepatobiliary surgery, urology, orthopedics, neurosurgery, burns, plastic surgery, microsurgery and so on.

Surgery is a professional department with surgical resection and repair as the main treatment means.

In the past, the division of labor between internal medicine and surgery was very serious, which was called specialization; Now, with the development of medicine, it is gradually developing towards surgeon's surgery and surgeon's internal medicine.

What is the difference between a physician and a surgeon?

Internal surgery comes first! Quality!

Doctor: I'm usually good-tempered, slow-talking and patient. Surgeon: I'm just a gust of wind, even if it blows! Generally, they are short-tempered. If you can do it, don't want BB

Then it's daytime! Chang!

Doctor: Either sit in the consulting room, make rounds or write medical records. Surgeon: during the operation ... during the operation ... prepare for the operation. ..............

also

sign pen

Doctor: You must have a pen in your pocket. You can choose any color. Surgeon: Where is the pen? Where are the pens? I lost it again. It's okay. Go to the doctor and get another one!

and

Attitude towards food!

Doctor: It's time. There are few patients today, so we can eat on time. Surgeon: Eat! Dinner! ! Just have a surgical meal! Eat quickly! !

also

Hands! Wei! Health!

Does the inside and outside attack have a wrist?

(The doctor understands! )

Doctor: Wash it slowly, clean it, and then put it on your ass or armpit. White coats are cleaner in these two places. . ) Surgeon: Wash your hands and elbows! Wear gloves after washing, remember the principle of sterility!

Finally.

Whether you walk fast or slow.

Handsome posture!

Doctor: Take your time, slowly but surely, slowly.

Surgeon: You walk so slowly that you can't run? ! Click, click (playing slippers)

After reading it, what else do you want to say? Welcome to comment!

Physician: I came in the morning, half an hour after work, 65,438+0 hours for rounds and 65,438+0 hours for doctor's orders.

Surgeon: I came here in the morning, and I was handed over for 5 minutes, making rounds? If it doesn't exist, let's take a walk and see you on the operating table.

Doctor: I write the case every day, in the morning, in the afternoon and at night, but I can't finish it. I finally finished ... case quality control inspection, medical insurance inspection, antibiotic inspection and inspection.

Surgeon: Operation, operation record, after completion, love to check.

Doctor: There is not enough time. I looked up and it was lunch time again. The leaders have all withdrawn. If you want to eat something, you can say it out loud. We'll take care of it ourselves.

Surgeon: during the operation ... what did you eat at last, old irons? Saute spicy chicken, I'm so happy. It's a treat for one person and dinner for the whole family.

Doctor: Explain the illness, family members, hello, I am a doctor. The patient's condition is xx, and it may be xx after treatment. The risk is too great. We will try our best to treat it, but also pay attention to how the family members cooperate with xx ... The patient does not understand. Come on, say it again (eight hours) [vomiting blood] [vomiting blood]

Surgeon: Hello, the patient is in xx state and needs surgery. Maybe xx, sign (dry for 2 minutes) [cover your face] [cover your face].

Let me tell you a joke about internal medicine and surgery. A group of unknown birds are flying in the sky. Physicians and surgeons discuss what kind of bird this is.

Doctor: from the appearance of birds, they are more like geese, and the possibility of other birds is not ruled out; From the sound point of view, it is also like a wild goose, but it needs further verification; From the analysis of the epidemic trend of regional distribution, it conforms to the living range of geese, but it does not rule out the possibility of other birds. In short, the possibility of geese is very high, but further verification is needed.

The surgeon aimed his gun and shot down a bird with one shot: analyze it, shoot down and dissect one!

Simply put, traditional doctors focus on the analysis of diseases, especially the ability to diagnose and analyze intractable diseases, use theoretical knowledge to diagnose diseases, and then control diseases with drugs according to evidence-based medical evidence. The level of doctors is mainly the ability to diagnose diseases. Internal medicine can be divided into cardiology, respiratory medicine, neurology, endocrinology, hematology, nephrology, gastroenterology, pediatrics and so on. Doctors mostly operate stethoscopes.

The surgeon is basically faced with a relatively clear diagnosis (if the diagnosis is not clear, you can explore by laparotomy! ), more use of surgery to treat diseases. Surgery can be divided into thoracic surgery, general surgery, neurosurgery, orthopedics, breast surgery, urology, plastic surgery, heart surgery, burn surgery and so on. Surgeons basically use knives.

But now, with the rapid development of internal medicine, many physicians begin to perform operations, such as cardiac stent implantation and radiofrequency ablation of arrhythmia. Whether to have an operation or not is not the difference between an internal surgeon and an external surgeon.

Some people think that internal diseases and internal organs should be treated with internal medicine.

Some people think that superficial diseases visible to the naked eye should be treated by surgery.

It is obviously wrong to distinguish internal medicine from surgery according to body surface and internal organs. Internal medicine and surgery are not literal.

Internal medicine and surgery are translated from English, and English will help us understand the difference between internal medicine and surgery more easily. Internal medicine is the department that uses drugs. Internal medicine means medicine in English, and it is treated with medicine. So doctors mainly use drugs to treat people, such as pneumonia, gout, hepatitis B, hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, hyperlipidemia and other diseases. These diseases can be treated with drugs, so these diseases should be treated with internal medicine.

With the development of medicine, the division of departments is more detailed, and some departments even see only one disease. Common internal medicines are as follows:

Cardiology: It mainly treats cardiovascular diseases, such as arrhythmia, hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart failure, bradycardia, myocarditis and infective endocarditis.

Respiratory medicine: it mainly treats lung and trachea diseases, such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma and bronchiectasis.

Nephrology: Mainly focus on kidney diseases, such as nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, uremia, renal failure, urinary system infection, etc.

Endocrinology: diseases of endocrine system, belonging to endocrinology, such as hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, diabetes, hyperuricemia, gout, osteoporosis, bone metabolism diseases, etc.

Rheumatoid immunology department: it is one of the most miscellaneous departments, mainly dealing with rheumatic immune system diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, polymyositis and dermatomyositis, systemic vasculitis, Sjogren's syndrome and so on.

Gastroenterology mainly focuses on digestive system diseases, such as gastritis, enteritis, constipation, diarrhea, hepatitis, pancreatitis, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, gastrointestinal polyps and early gastrointestinal cancer.

Neurology mainly focuses on brain and nerve diseases, such as migraine, cerebral infarction, myasthenia gravis, meningitis, myelitis, trigeminal neuralgia, epilepsy and peripheral neuropathy.

Surgery is the department that carries out operations. Surgery means surgery or a surgical department in English. If translated literally, surgery means surgery. Surgeon's English is surgeon, and the doctor who performs the operation is called surgeon. Therefore, surgeons mainly treat diseases through surgery. For example, tumors, physical deformities, cosmetic surgery, trauma, fractures and other diseases all need surgical treatment, so it is necessary to see a surgeon.

There are many kinds of operations, which can be divided into many departments, and the department settings of each hospital will be very different.

General surgery, also known as basic surgery, is a general surgery in a broad sense, including gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary, pancreatic, abdominal wall, thyroid, breast and even vascular diseases. For example, gastric cancer, intestinal cancer, gallstone, gallbladder polyp, cholecystitis, pancreatic cancer, thyroid cancer, hyperthyroidism, mammary gland hyperplasia, breast cancer, hernia, varicose veins, hemorrhoids, anal fistula, anal fissure, perianal abscess and so on. Many hospitals divide general surgery into gastrointestinal surgery, anorectal surgery, thyroid surgery, breast surgery, hepatobiliary surgery, vascular surgery and so on.

Hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery: subdivided from general surgery, it mainly focuses on hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases, such as liver cancer, hepatic cyst, cholecystitis, gallstones, gallbladder polyps, cholangiocarcinoma, pancreatic cancer and pancreatic cyst.

Thoracic surgery: it mainly treats esophageal, lung and mediastinal diseases, such as esophageal cancer, lung cancer, pneumothorax, pulmonary bulla, thymoma and mediastinal cyst.

Orthopedics: Diseases related to bones and muscles belong to orthopedics, such as fractures, bone tumors, scoliosis, intervertebral disc herniation, cervical spondylosis, degenerative arthritis, congenital skeletal malformation, replantation of severed limbs, etc.

Cardiac surgery: it mainly treats heart and great vascular diseases, such as coronary artery bypass surgery, heart valve replacement, congenital heart disease, heart tumor, aortic dissection and so on.

Neurosurgery or brain surgery mainly focuses on brain and nerve diseases, such as intracranial tumor, brain trauma, cerebral hemorrhage, spinal tumor, surgical treatment of epilepsy, cerebrovascular malformation and so on.

Plastic surgery: mainly engaged in plastic surgery, such as rhinoplasty, breast augmentation, buttocks augmentation, double eyelid cutting, liposuction, abdominal plastic surgery, private parts plastic surgery and so on. Large plastic surgery hospitals will be subdivided into different plastic surgery departments according to plastic surgery sites.

What is the difference between internal medicine and surgery? Simply put, internal medicine is mainly about "maintaining, maintaining and upgrading" your "original part". For example, medical treatment is equivalent to "maintenance", while interventional treatment, such as installing stents or plugging defects, is equivalent to "upgrading" your "original" outdated, worn or defective parts.

So, what is surgery? Mainly to "repair, disassemble and replace" your "original accessories". The appendix is inflamed and cut; Bone fracture, with nails and alloy plate connection; If the heart valve is broken, cut it off and replace it with an artificial one; If the whole organ fails, directly change an organ (organ transplantation) ...

In other words, in medical treatment, all the "parts" on your body are basically "original" by you. If you go for surgery, the "parts" on your body may not be "original". There may be fewer "parts", some "parts" may be changed, and even the whole "part" may be "removed" (such as total hysterectomy and bilateral appendectomy). ) or be replaced. Of course, debridement and suture are also surgical work. If the incision is regular and there is no secondary infection, then you are basically the "original match".

It's not that the operation is the operation. Nowadays, minimally invasive technology is developing faster and faster. Surgeons don't have to paddle around with scalpels or electric knives ... they can also operate with small blades and scissors at the tip of the operating arm. On the contrary, with the development of interventional therapy in internal medicine, physicians now also perform operations and use surgical instruments.

If you are sick, how to choose internal medicine or surgery? Let's just say that if you have a "cut" in your body, whether it's opening a ladle or tearing it ... go directly to surgery, these must be surgical work. In other cases, it is recommended to go to the internal medicine department first. If surgery is needed, the physician will tell you which surgery to transfer to. After all, patients don't understand medicine, and they can't be sure whether their diseases need surgery.

For the simplest example, if you have pain in your right lower abdomen and rebound pain, it is probably acute appendicitis, but you are not a professional and cannot be sure. In this case, you can go to the gastroenterology department or the emergency department first, and the physician will determine whether you have appendicitis. If the physician thinks that conservative treatment is not feasible, he will send you to general surgery. If you are in a hurry to go to general surgery, you have to go to internal medicine to prevent pain in the right lower abdomen caused by other reasons. If you meet an unreliable general surgeon, appendicitis that could have been treated conservatively may also get a knife. ...

As for the specific sub-major, it is probably like this. Internal medicine is relatively clear, such as respiratory medicine, digestive medicine, cardiovascular medicine, nephrology and so on. Wherever there is a problem, go there. There are some ambiguities in surgery, such as general surgery. Simply put, as long as orthopedics, urology, cardiothoracic surgery, neurosurgery (some hospitals call it brain surgery), otolaryngology, head and neck surgery and other departments can't control it, they can basically go to general surgery ... they take care of everything there, including thyroid, breast, stomach, intestine, anus ... from neck to buttocks, including body surface injuries and so on. But now many hospitals have a clear division of labor, and general surgery is subdivided into nail surgery, gastrointestinal surgery, anorectal surgery and so on. In fact, there is a big difference.

But personally, if it's not obvious trauma, let's go to the hospital to see internal medicine first. It's up to the doctors to decide whether they need a surgeon to take over. After all, they are more professional than you. Now, I'm afraid no doctor dares to "rob patients" but insists on his own treatment while knowing that patients need surgery. Once there is a problem, he/she can't eat and walk!

An informative topic. In fact, it involves the difference between internal medicine and surgical diseases, so I won't explain it in detail here. Let's talk about the actual situation that is easier to understand.

Everyone knows colds, fever, acute gastroenteritis, pneumonia and so on. It must be a medical disease, and surgery is not considered at all. All kinds of trauma, including animal injury, congenital malformation, acute appendicitis, intestinal obstruction, kidney calculi, etc. It must be a surgical disease, so we need to consider surgical treatment. There are also many internal and surgical diseases that are easy to distinguish.

Let's talk about diseases that can be diagnosed and treated by internal medicine and surgery. Taking the abdominal surgery that the author is engaged in as an example, it just corresponds to the department of gastroenterology.

When I studied medicine, I studied internal medicine, followed by surgery, and found cholecystitis, pancreatitis, gastric ulcer and other diseases. This is described in detail in surgery and internal medicine. Whether these are medical diseases or surgical diseases is really confusing. The main content is not much different. The people who wrote this book are not the same experts. There must be some subtle differences. Surgery books talk more about surgical treatment, while internal medicine books basically mention surgical treatment.

Later, when I was internship, I heard an experienced doctor say a word more than once, saying that I would go to surgery if I had surgery, or I would go to internal medicine if I didn't. If the above diseases are not serious, you can generally go to the internal medicine department first.

Cholecystitis is mostly calculous and has been treated by internal medicine and surgery for many years. Conservative treatment is actually medical treatment. If the condition is not controlled or even aggravated, surgery should be considered. At this time, the patient may be hospitalized in internal medicine, so change surgery.

I have tried drug therapy such as stone extraction from medicinal fossils or extracorporeal lithotripsy before. Through long-term practice, the effect is not ideal, and there are many problems such as high risk and high recurrence rate. Therefore, gallstones or surgery come directly and happily, and the gallbladder is cut, so there is no chance of recurrence.

Most acute pancreatitis does not require surgery, and only necrotizing or critical pancreatitis is treated by emergency surgery, so many patients live in the gastroenterology department.

Gastric ulcer, in the past, always thought that hyperacidity was the main cause of the disease, and misjudged the cause, which led to unsatisfactory drug treatment effect for many years. Therefore, many patients with gastric ulcer underwent subtotal gastrectomy in the past.

Since the discovery of Helicobacter pylori as the main cause of gastric ulcer, targeted specific drugs have been used for treatment. Now gastric ulcer can only be operated if there are serious complications. Just take standardized drugs. If it recurs, you can adjust the medication under the guidance of a doctor. Because you can't avoid * * * meals, you will be infected with germs again, and recurrence will become inevitable.

For this disease, complicated with gastric bleeding, the effect of medical treatment in the past is not good or not under control, and surgery is definitely necessary. At present, internal medicine has a way to stop bleeding under the direct vision of fiber gastroscope or solve the problem with vascular intervention technology, and only when it is really impossible to operate.

When faced with patients with stomachache, experienced clinicians must also consider whether there are gynecological problems if they are female patients. If she is a male patient, the general direction should first consider whether it is medical abdominal pain or surgical abdominal pain, that is, medical disease or surgical disease. By understanding the onset process, past medical history, physical examination findings and auxiliary examination, we can basically judge whether it is a medical problem or a surgical problem.

Let's talk about the coexistence of medical and surgical diseases, which is very common in clinic.

The spleen is like a blood bank of the human body. Once it is broken due to trauma, it will definitely die if it is not operated in time. It happens that the patient's cardiopulmonary function is not good. Although the risk of operation is greatly increased, it can only be operated under close supervision. Saving lives is very important.

Hypertensive patients want to have gallstone surgery, but it's a pity. First, control your blood pressure in internal medicine before operation. Don't worry, it doesn't matter if they do it a few days earlier or a few days later. Blood pressure will fluctuate during anesthesia and surgery, and patients with hypertension are more likely to bring great surgical risks.

Such problems are too common in clinic. What are you trying to explain? No matter what specialty a doctor does, he must be proficient in his own specialty, and other specialties should also know a little.

What is the difference between internal medicine and surgery?

This question reminds me of a joke: a soldier was shot by an arrow and went to see a doctor. The doctor picked up a pair of scissors, clicked and cut off the arrow. The soldier asked the doctor that the arrow was still in the meat. What if you don't take it out? The doctor said, "I'm a surgeon. I only care about appearance. " The contents belong to the doctor. "

Another true thing: a patient was punched several times and came to me. I told him that he should see a surgeon. He said, "I suffered internal injuries. Shouldn't I see a doctor? " ? "I am in distress situation.

All majors are gradually branched out from internal medicine, and it is normal to have overlap. When we review the history of medical development, we will find that the earliest doctors were professionals. With the development of medical technology, some doctors may be proficient in this field because they often see a certain kind of diseases, thus accumulating knowledge and experience from generation to generation and gradually forming a specialty. It can be said that internal medicine is the foundation, and almost all other majors are branches slowly developed from internal medicine.

Because of this, although there is a clear division of labor between internal medicine and surgery in some diseases, there are also overlaps in the treatment of some diseases. It is sometimes really difficult to accurately distinguish which diseases belong to internal medicine and which diseases belong to surgery.

I personally summarize the general principles as follows:

All traumatic diseases are classified as surgery. No matter whether there are fractures or wounds, all traumatic diseases are under the care of surgeons. In the dictionary of modern medicine, there is no difference between "internal injury" and "trauma".

All diseases that require traditional surgery or may require surgery are classified as surgery. Such as appendicitis, cholecystitis, pancreatitis, kidney calculi and gastric perforation.

Some diseases that can be classified as surgery can be treated with internal medicine if surgery is not needed for the time being. For example, non-traumatic cerebral hemorrhage can be treated conservatively, mostly in neurology. Acute pancreatitis that does not require surgery for the time being is also accepted by the digestive departments of many hospitals.

Four doctors are carrying out more and more minimally invasive surgery, which is gradually encroaching on the "site" of surgery. For example, atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, traditional surgery requires thoracotomy. Now only catheter intervention technology is needed, and physicians can treat it. The wound is small and painless.

Another example is ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography) performed by gastroenterologists. Under endoscope, bile duct stones can be removed, and drainage tubes or stents can be placed to relieve bile duct obstruction. No operation, less trauma, short operation time and few complications, which solved many problems that could only be solved by surgery before.

5. Surgeons are also developing to minimally invasive surgery, and the boundary with physicians may become blurred. For example, cerebral hemorrhage is traditionally a craniotomy, and now some patients can also puncture and decompress drainage under CT positioning. Surgeons can do this operation, so can neurologists.

Conclusion: Welcome to pay attention to Dr. Zheng's knowledge and learn more practical medical knowledge every day. In the past, it was actually very easy to distinguish whether to have surgery, surgery was surgery, and the rest were internal medicine, but now it is obvious that this distinction cannot be made because there are more and more operations in internal medicine, and physicians are constantly robbing surgeons of their jobs.

As a physician, let me tell the difference.

The biggest difference is that surgery is far more substantial than internal medicine, because before the development of internal medicine surgery, almost all diseases in internal medicine could not be cured, but surgery was not. Surgery can cure many diseases and relieve patients' pain.

What is often seen after the operation is that the patient's condition is getting better and better, getting better step by step, and then being discharged smoothly.

But this is not the case in internal medicine. It is often seen that patients are getting worse and worse until they die.

So surgery can bring people enough sense of accomplishment, but internal medicine can't. Of course, this situation has changed rapidly in recent years.

Mainly the rapid development of various operations in internal medicine, such as endoscopic surgery in gastroenterology, ERCP, ESD, EMR, POEM, interventional therapy in cardiology, interventional medicine and neurology. Now physicians can also feel the sense of accomplishment of surgeons.

There is a big difference between peacetime and peacetime.

Physicians write medical records far better than surgeons, and all hospitals are the same. Physicians often sigh when reading the medical records written by surgeons.

Physicians are more obedient, surgeons are less obedient, and physicians are generally more obedient.

Physicians are very careful with patients, which is also a point that physicians often complain about surgeons.

But these are not important. As long as the surgeon knows how to operate, one knife means everything, and both social status and economic status depend on this knife.

Surgeons nowadays should dislike physicians very much. Nowadays, physicians have robbed many jobs that originally belonged to surgeons, mainly relying on the progress of drugs and the development of internal medicine and surgery.

Take gastric cancer as an example. Now early gastric cancer can be treated under endoscope, and no surgery is needed at all.

In the past, peptic ulcer often needed surgical treatment, but it changed with the development of drugs.

This is especially true for interventional surgery. Now interventional therapy can be said to be omnipotent, and almost all diseases can be treated with interventional therapy.

The development of all kinds of minimally invasive surgery in the future is definitely the general trend of development and an important direction of medical development.

It turns out that what drugs can do is still very limited, and it still needs surgery to achieve it.

The department that has had surgery is surgery, and the department that has not had surgery is internal medicine.

Now internal medicine can also do some operations, such as doing some endoscopic or microscopic operations.

But if it is only a simple difference, you can still use the above method.

Internal medicine and surgery are two disciplines of clinical medicine, and everyone is familiar with them.

Some people say that internal medicine is to look at diseases inside the body, and surgery is to look at diseases outside the body; It is also said that the diseases that drugs can cure depend on internal medicine, and surgery is necessary. This idea, if you think about it carefully, is also wrong-surgical treatment often does not require surgery, and internal medicine will now perform many "operations."

In fact, what is internal medicine and what is surgery, even many doctors have not figured it out.

The sensory difference lies in whether you can see or touch the affected part.

Invisible and intangible, the diseased organs have been hidden in the process of diagnosis and treatment, which is internal medicine;

Visible and tangible, the diseased organs can be exposed from the inside out by incision or other methods. This is surgery.

By definition, internal medicine is the foundation of almost all other clinical medicine, also known as the mother of medicine. The contents include the definition, etiology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, natural history, symptoms, signs, experimental diagnosis, imaging examination, differential diagnosis, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. The diagnosis method is physical examination after medical history inquiry or interview, and the most probable diagnosis is obtained by excluding the less probable from many differential diagnoses according to various clinical evidences; Follow-up observation, lifestyle, drugs and interventional therapy (such as cardiac catheterization and endoscopy) were performed after diagnosis.

Surgery is a subject that has developed rapidly in recent decades. This paper mainly studies how to remove the source of the patient's disease by surgery so that the patient can be treated. Surgical diseases are divided into five categories: trauma, infection, tumor, deformity and dysfunction. Surgery should not only understand the definition, etiology, manifestations, diagnosis, staging, treatment and prognosis of the disease, but also pay attention to the indications, preoperative evaluation and nursing, surgical skills and methods, postoperative nursing, surgical complications and prognosis of the operation.

In the hospital, internal medicine is divided into sub-professional departments of digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular, blood and endocrine systems.

Surgery is divided into sub-professional departments according to the specific parts of the body, such as hepatobiliary, gastrointestinal, urinary, orthopedics, otolaryngology and so on.

Temperament requires doctors to be thoughtful, knowledgeable and meticulous, so doctors pay more attention to learning and carry out clinical practice on the basis of erudition, which is called "home". Female medical college graduates generally aspire to do internal medicine work, because internal medicine work needs more patience and detail.

Surgical work requires doctors to be resolute, bold, cautious, decisive, crisp, calm and orderly when problems arise, pay attention to studying how to make the operation beautiful and perfect, strengthen theoretical study and sum up experience on the basis of the operation, and be called "craftsmen". Recruited doctors generally tend to be men, because surgical work requires physical strength and is more challenging, fulfilling and attractive.

Medical rounds, pushing a medical record cart or holding a large stack of medical records, students report, nod after treatment, participate in analysis, professors comment and express their opinions, and tell students a lot of knowledge from time to time. Students nod their heads first and say yes, regardless of whether they listen or not, and respect what you say.

Surgical rounds: "OK?" "Ah, not bad." "Well, next."

In daily internal medicine, doctors like to hang high-grade stethoscopes around their necks, especially in respiratory and cardiology departments;

In surgery, doctors never wear stethoscopes or at most bring bargains;

In internal medicine, the bottom of the doctor's chest bag is covered with red and black pen marks;

During the operation, the doctor has removed the blood spots on the white coat or traces of other body fluids suspected.

Internal medicine, daily course record from 65438 pages+0;

Surgery, the course of the disease is less than half a page.

Internal medicine, a bunch of people have lunch in the office at noon;

Surgery, there are few people in the office during lunch time.

Internal medicine, doctors are basically in the office;

Surgery, looking for a doctor, have to go to the operating room or duty room.

In internal medicine, doctors only use their palms to wash their hands, and then wipe them on their buttocks twice after washing.

In surgery, doctors must subconsciously pull their sleeves above their elbows as soon as they wash their hands.

Internal medicine, serious during the operation;

Surgery, flirting on the operating table, very yellow and violent.

Internal medicine, open doctor's orders in the morning and write medical records in the afternoon;

Surgery, surgery, dressing change all afternoon.

In internal medicine, if you don't like surgery, just do surgery. When you change majors, the medical record is too simple.

Surgery, don't like internal medicine can only make rounds, don't like the slow delivery of medical records.

In fact, with the development of medicine, the invention and application of new instruments and technologies, the boundaries between internal and external surgery are becoming increasingly blurred. The occurrence, development and treatment of many diseases often involve multiple departments, or the ideal therapeutic effect can be achieved by internal surgery or surgical operation, and many people suffer from internal and surgical diseases.

Therefore, in reality, no matter internal medicine or surgery, or even general practice, as long as it can cure diseases, it is a good subject!