The contents of each chapter of entomology are summarized and extracted from reading notes.

Entomology, also known as Insect World, Insect Tales, Notes on Entomology or Insect Tales, is a long biological work written by Jean-Henri casimir Fabres, a French entomologist and writer. In this article, I summarized every chapter of insects. Let's have a look!

The first chapter is about the tradition of ancestors.

Everyone has his own unique personality. Sometimes, this character seems to be inherited from ancestors, but when you want to ask where this character comes from, it is very difficult. When I was very young, I had a desire to get close to nature. If you think that I like to observe that the traits of plants and insects are inherited from ancestors, it is a big joke.

Chapter II Mysterious Pond

I never get bored when I stare at the pond. In this small green world, I don't know how many busy little lives will be busy all the time.

By the pond, piles of little black tadpoles can be seen chasing and playing everywhere; The red-bellied salamander also swings its wide tail like a rudder and moves slowly forward; In the reeds, we can also find groups of silkworm larvae, who hide their bodies in small sheaths made of dead branches-this small sheath is used to defend against natural enemies and all kinds of sudden disasters.

Chapter III Silkworm

I put some small aquatic animals in the pond. They are called stone silkworms. To be exact, they are the larvae of stone silkworm moth, cleverly hidden in a small sheath made of dead branches.

Silkworms first grew in reeds in mire swamps. Many times it is attached to the broken branches of reeds and drifts in the water with reeds. That small sheath is its mobile home.

In fact, this kind of trailer can be regarded as a very delicate woven work of art, which is made by soaking the roots and skins of plants in water and falling off.

Chapter IV dung beetles

Six or seven thousand years ago, people first talked about dung beetles. Farmers in ancient Egypt, when irrigating their farmland in spring, often see a fat black insect passing by them, busy pushing a ball back. Of course, they were surprised to notice this grotesque rotating object, just like the farmers in Brovin today.

Once upon a time, Egyptians imagined that this sphere was a model of the earth, and the movement of dung beetles was consistent with the movement of planets in the sky. They think this beetle is sacred, because it has so much astronomical knowledge, so they call it "sacred beetle".

At the same time, they think that the ball that the beetle rolls on the ground contains eggs, from which the little beetle comes out. But in fact, this is just its food storage room. There are no eggs in it.

The fifth chapter cicada

The worst criminals are ants. I have seen them bite the tip of a cicada's leg, drag its wings and climb on its back. Even once, a fierce and strong disciple grabbed the cicada straw in front of me and tried to tear it off.

In the end, there were more and more troubles, but the singer had to put aside his well and escape quietly. So the ants achieved their goal and occupied the well. But the well soon dried up and the pulp was eaten up at once. Therefore, it looked for another opportunity to rob another well in order to have a second drink.

You see, isn't the true truth the opposite of that fable? Ants are tenacious beggars, but diligent producers are cicadas!

Chapter VI Masonic Bees

There are many kinds of insects that like to nest near our home. Among these insects, the first one that aroused people's interest was an animal called the recumbent bee.

Why? Mainly because the recumbent bee has a very beautiful and moving figure, a very clever mind, and one thing to pay attention to is its very strange nest. However, few people know about this small insect-the waist-falling bee.

Sometimes, they even live by a family's stove, but this family knows nothing about this little neighbor. Why? Mainly because of its natural, quiet and peaceful nature. Indeed, this little thing lives in a hidden way and it is difficult to attract people's attention.

Chapter VII Mantis

There is an insect in the south that, like cicadas, can arouse people's interest, but it is not very famous because it can't sing. If it also has cymbals, its fame should be much greater than that of famous musicians, because its shape and habits are very unusual. This will be an excellent musician.

Many years ago, in ancient Greece, this insect was called mantis, or prophet. Farmers saw it standing upright on the grass scorched by the sun, with a solemn gesture. Its broad, veiled thin wings are dragged like a mask, and its front legs are shaped like arms, reaching into the air as if praying. To an ignorant farmer, it seems to be a nun, so later, someone called it mantis.

Chapter 8 Bees, Cats and Red Ants

I hope to know more about bees. I have heard that bees have the ability to tell the direction, and no matter where they are abandoned, they can always return to their original places by themselves. So I want to try it myself.

One day, I caught forty bees in the honeycomb under the eaves and told my youngest daughter Egeland to wait under the eaves. Then I put the bees in a paper bag and walked with them for two and a half miles. Then I opened the paper bag and saw if there were any bees flying back.

In order to tell whether the bees flying under my roof were thrown away by me, I made a white mark on the backs of those abandoned bees.

In this process, my hand was inevitably stabbed several times, but I persisted, and sometimes I forgot my pain. I just held the bee tightly and finished my work. As a result, more than 20 bees were damaged. When I opened the paper bag, the bees that had been bored for a long time flew in all directions, as if trying to tell which direction to go home.

Chapter 9 Mine Bee Driving Tunnel

My bee is a slender bee. They are different in size. The big one is bigger than the wasp, and the small one is smaller than the fly. But they have one thing in common, that is, there is an obvious ditch at the bottom of its abdomen, and a thorn is hidden in the ditch. When the enemy invades, the thorn can move back and forth along the ditch to protect itself.

What I want to say here is that there is a red striped bee among my bees. The stripes of the female bee are very beautiful, and the slender abdomen is surrounded by black and brown stripes. As for the figure, it is similar to a wasp.

Its nest is usually built in solid soil, because there is no danger of collapse. For example, the flat path in our yard is their ideal house foundation. Every spring, they come to this place to camp in droves. The number of each group is different, and the largest is almost hundreds of wasps. This place has become their metropolis.

Chapter 10 Fireflies

Among all kinds of insects, few can shine. But one of them is famous for its light. This strange little animal seems to have a lamp on its tail to express its good wishes for a happy life.

Even though we have never seen it, we have never seen it fly across the grass in the dark, and we have never seen it fall from the full moon.

Just like a small Mars, then, at least from its name, we can know something about it. In ancient times, the Greeks once called it bright tail, which is a very vivid name. In modern times, scientists have given it a new name, called the firefly (Iamqyris).

Chapter 1 1 Managed Worm

When spring comes, as long as you have a pair of eyes, you can see everything in the world clearly. People can find a strange little thing on dilapidated walls and dusty roads, or on those empty land.

It's a small bundle of firewood. For some reason, it can move freely and jump forward. The inanimate things have become living things, and the immobile things can actually beat. What the hell is going on here?

This is really very strange and surprising. But if we look carefully, we will soon solve the mystery.

Chapter 12 Cicada: Cicada's Egg

Common cicadas like to lay eggs on dry branches. It chooses the smallest branches, most of which are as big as grass and pencils. These twigs rarely hang down, they are usually tilted and almost all of them are dead.

Cicada found a suitable twig and stabbed it in the chest with a sharp tool, as if it were stabbed obliquely with a needle. A dead branch is often pierced into thirty or forty holes. Its eggs are laid in these small holes, usually about ten eggs are laid in each small hole, totaling about three or four hundred.

Chapter 13 Firewood sawfly

If you walk in the garden, you will find some delicate holes in the leaves of lilacs or roses, both round and oval, just like someone has cut them skillfully.

Some leaves have many holes, leaving only veins. Who did this? Why do they do this? Delicious or fun? All these things were done by sawflies. They use their mouths as scissors and cut small leaves by turning their eyes and bodies.

They do this not because it is delicious or fun, but because these little leaves are very important in their lives. They put these small leaves together and put them in a needle-hoop-shaped bag, which can store honey and eggs. Every wasp's nest has a bag in the shape of an injection ring, and those bags overlap one after another.

Chapter XIV Cotton-picking Bees and Fat-picking Bees

We know that many bees, like sawflies, do not build their own nests, but only use nests left or abandoned by other animals as their shelters. Some bees will live in the former residence of Mei Sen bees, some will live in earthworms' tunnels or snails' empty shells, some will occupy branches once occupied by bees, and some will move into sandpits once occupied by bees.

Chapter 15 Self-control of Spanish rhinoceros head

I hope you still remember the sacred beetle, which consumed its time. Make it into a ball, which can be used as food or as the foundation of a pear-shaped nest.

I have pointed out the advantages and disadvantages of this shape for small beetles, because the circle is a good shape to keep food dry and not hard.

After observing the work of this beetle for a long time, I began to wonder if I strongly praised its instinct. Maybe my estimate is wrong. Do they really care about their larvae and prepare the softest and most suitable food for them?

Chapter 16 Two Strange Grasshoppers

The ocean is the place where creatures first appeared, and now there are many strange-looking animals, which makes it impossible for people to count their specific numbers and distinguish their specific species. The original models of these animal kingdoms are preserved in the depths of the ocean. This is what we often say, the ocean is an invaluable treasure house of human beings and one of the important conditions for human survival.

On land, however, almost all the strange animals in the past have died out, leaving only a few. Mostly insects. One of them is mantis, which I have told you about its unique shape and habits. The other is Embuca.

Chapter 17 Wasps

One day in September, my youngest son Paul and I ran out to have a look at the hornet's nest.

Little Paul's eyesight is very good, and his special concentration helps us to observe well. The two of us enjoyed the scenery on both sides of the path with great interest.

Suddenly, little Paul pointed to a place not far away and shouted to me, "Look! A hornet's nest. Just over there, a hornet's nest, clearer than anything! "

Sure enough, about twenty yards away, little Paul saw something moving very fast, jumping up from the ground one by one and flying away quickly, as if those small craters were hidden in the grass and about to erupt one by one.

Chapter 18 The adventures of grubs

The area around the high embankment in the rural sandy land of Capernaum is the favorite haunt of wasps and bees. Why do they like this place so much?

The reason is mainly because the sunshine in this area is very abundant, and this area is also very easy to dig, which is very suitable for wasps and bees to live and work here. There are mainly two kinds of bees in this weather in May.

They are all mud bees and builders of underground huts. There is a kind of bees, in front of their house, built a defensive barrier that they thought was impregnable-earthen pipes. Its interior is blank and the whole pipe is bent. The length and width of the pipe are like a person's finger.

Chapter 19 Crickets

Crickets living in the grass are almost as famous as cicadas. They perform quite well in several model insects. The reason why it is so famous is mainly because of its location and its excellent singing talent.

Having only one of them is not enough to make them so famous. Lafontaine, who tells animal stories, simply talked about it, as if he didn't notice the genius and fame of this little animal.

Chapter 20 Petite red striped bee

Thin waist, exquisite figure, abdomen is divided into two parts, the lower part is big, the upper part is small, the middle seems to be connected with thin lines, and a red belt is around the black belly: this is the red striped bee.

The nest of the red striped bee is built in loose soil and can be easily drilled through. On both sides of the path, on the sunny mud beach, the grass grows sparsely, which is an ideal habitat for wasps. In spring and early April, we can always find them in such places.

Chapter 21 Xixi

I hope you're not tired of hearing about sweeping beetles and making balls. I have told you about scarab and Spanish rhinoceros, and now I want to talk about other kinds of this animal. In the world of insects, we met many model mothers. Now, just for fun, pay attention to a good father

Good fathers are rare except in higher animals. In this respect, birds are excellent, and humans are best qualified for this responsibility. Among lower animals, fathers are indifferent to family affairs. Few insects are exceptions.

Chapter 22 Catch flies and bees

You already know how red striped bees and wasps paralyze caterpillars or crickets to feed their children, and then how to close the hole and leave the nest to fly elsewhere. But not every kind of bee lives like this. Now you will hear another kind of bee, which feeds its children with fresh food every day. This is a fly trap.

This kind of bee likes to choose the lightest and loosest soil as its nest under bright sunshine and blue sky. I sometimes observe them in the square without trees. The weather is very hot, and the only way to avoid the scorching sun is to lie behind a small sand pile, stick your head into the rabbit hole, or prepare a big umbrella for yourself.

Chapter 23 Parasites

I'm going to the bare canyon in August and September and I'm scorched by the sun. Let's find a slope facing the sun. This slope is often very hot because the sun has scorched it.

It is precisely this place where the temperature is like a stove that is the goal of our observation. Because it is in this place that we can gain a lot. This hot land is often a paradise for wasps and bees.

They are often busy cooking food in underground mounds-there are piles of weevils, locusts or spiders, as well as swarms of flies and caterpillars, and some are storing honey in jars made of leather bags, clay pots, cotton bags or leaves.

Chapter XXIV Metabolism of Workers

There are many insects, and they are doing extremely valuable work in this world, although they have never been paid or given a proper title. When you approach a dead mole and see ants, beetles and flies gathering on it, you may get goose bumps and run away.

You must think they are all terrible, dirty insects and disgusting. That was not the case. They are busy cleaning up the world. Let's look at some of these flies, and we can know how beneficial their behavior is to human beings and the whole nature.

Chapter 25 Dendrolimus punctatus

There are some pine trees in my garden. Every year, caterpillars come to nest on this pine tree, and the pine leaves are almost eaten up by them. In order to protect our pine trees, I destroy their nests with long forks every winter, which makes me exhausted.

You greedy little caterpillar, it's not that I'm rude, it's that you are too presumptuous. If I don't get rid of you, you will steal the show. No more pines full of needles can be heard whispering in the wind.

Chapter 26 Pieris rapae

Cabbage is almost the oldest of all our vegetables, and we know that people have been eating it since ancient times.

In fact, it has existed on the earth for a long time before humans began to eat it, so we really can't know when it appeared, when humans first planted them, and what methods were used. Botanists tell us that it was originally a wild plant with long stems and small leaves that grew on coastal cliffs.

History is unwilling to spend more ink on the record of such a trivial matter.

Chapter 27 Peacock moth

Peacock moth is a beautiful moth. The largest one is from Europe, covered with reddish-brown fluff, with a white bow tie around its neck and gray and brown dots on its wings.

There is a faint zigzag line in the middle, the wings are surrounded by gray edges, and in the middle is a big eye with shiny black pupils, which is inlaid with many colors, including black, white, chestnut and purple arcs. This moth is made from a very beautiful caterpillar. Their bodies are yellow with blue beads embedded in them. They live by eating apricot leaves.

Chapter 28 Beetles Looking for Fusarium oxysporum

Now talk about beetles looking for mushrooms.

This is a beautiful beetle, small and black, with a white velvet belly and a round shape, like a cherry pit. When it rubs its belly with the edge of its wings, it will make a soft "chirp" sound, just like the sound made by a bird when it sees its mother coming back with food. The male beetle also has a beautiful horn on its head.

Chapter 29 Children who love insects

Nowadays, many people always like to inherit everyone's personality, talents and hobbies. In other words, it is acknowledged that the wisdom of human beings and all animals comes from ancestors. I don't entirely agree with this view. I now use my own story to prove that my hobby of loving insects was not inherited from any ancestors.

My grandfather and grandmother have never had the slightest interest and affection for insects. I don't know my grandfather very well. All I know is that he went through a rather difficult time.

Chapter 30 Striped Spider

Whoever it is, probably won't like winter. Many insects hibernate in this season. But that doesn't mean you have nothing to observe. At this time, if an observer searches in the sand where sunlight can shine, or removes underground stones, or searches in the Woods, he can always find something very interesting. This is the real work of art..

Those who are lucky enough to appreciate this work of art are really happy. At the end of the year, the joy of finding this kind of art made me forget all the unhappiness and the climate getting worse every day.

If someone is searching among weeds or willows, I wish him to find something mysterious: this is the nest of striped spiders. Just like it appeared in front of my eyes.

Chapter 31 Tarantula

Spider has a bad reputation: most people think it is a terrible animal, and they want to step on it as soon as they see it, which may be related to its ferocious appearance. However, a careful observer will know that he is a very diligent worker, a talented weaver and a cunning hunter, and he is also interesting in other ways.

Therefore, even if it is not from a scientific point of view, spiders are an animal worthy of study. But everyone says it is poisonous, which is its greatest sin and the reason why everyone is afraid of it. Yes, it does have two fangs, which can kill its prey at once.

Chapter 32 Crucho Spider

Crucho Spider is an extremely clever loom. As far as spiders are concerned, Crucho Spider is very beautiful. Its name comes from one of the three ancient Greek goddesses of fate, and it is also the youngest one. She is in charge of the spinning spindle, from which everything has its own different destiny.

Crucho spiders can spin the most exquisite silk for themselves, but the goddess Crucho can't spin a happy fate and a comfortable life for us. What a pity in the world!

Chapter 33 Palace Spider

Spiders that can weave webs can be called textile experts. They use cobwebs to catch bugs that trap them. It can be said that it is "easy to get them." There are many other kinds of spiders. They use many other clever ways to find food, and they can also wait and get a bumper harvest. Several of them are very accomplished in this field, and almost all books about insects will be listed.

It is a black spider, and some people call it the American tarantula. They live in caves, just like the European tarantula I mentioned before. But their caves are more complete and detailed than those of the European tarantula.

Chapter 34 Spider Web Architecture

Even in the smallest garden, you can see the traces of spiders. They are all gifted weavers.

If we take a walk at dusk, we can look for clues from a cluster of rosemary. The spiders we observe tend to crawl very slowly, so we should just sit in the bushes and observe. There is plenty of light there.

Let's give ourselves another title, called "Spider Web Observer"! Few people in the world are engaged in this profession, and we don't have to expect to make some money from this industry.

Chapter 35 The Geometry of Spiders

When we look at spiders' webs, especially those of silk spiders and striped spiders, we will find that their webs are not chaotic, and those spokes are evenly arranged, and each pair of adjacent spokes forms the same angle; Although different spiders have different spokes, this rule can be applied to all kinds of spiders.

We already know that spiders weave webs in a special way. They divided the web into several equal parts, and the same spider had the same number of parts.

Chapter 36 Spider's Telegraph Line

Of the six kinds of spiders, only two usually rest in the center of the web, namely the striped spider and the mercerized spider. Even in the scorching sun, they will never easily leave the net and rest in the shade. As for other spiders, they don't appear during the day.

They have their own ways to coordinate work and rest. Not far from their net, there is a hidden place made of leaves and thread. During the day, they hide in it, quietly, and let themselves be deeply lost in thought.

Although this sunny day makes spiders dizzy, it is also the most active time for other insects: locusts jump more lively and dragonflies fly more happily.

Chapter 37 Crab Spider

Although the striped spider we mentioned earlier works very hard, it has been tirelessly building a comfortable nest for its eggs. But in the end, it can no longer take care of its home. Why? Because its life is too short. When the first cold current comes, it will die. Its eggs will not hatch until winter.

It had to leave its nest. If the baby can be born when the mother is still alive, I believe that the spider mother will take care of the little spider like a bird. Another kind of spider proved my guess; It is a spider that can't weave a web: it just waits for its prey to run close to it, and it walks sideways, a bit like a crab, so it is called a crab spider.